This document provides an overview of a four-day course on space systems fundamentals taught by Dr. Mike Gruntman. The course covers topics such as space missions and applications, the space environment, orbital mechanics, spacecraft subsystems, and more. It aims to provide engineers and managers with an understanding of spacecraft design concepts and technologies. The document includes the course outline, learning objectives, instructor biography, and information on registering for upcoming courses in New Mexico and Maryland in May and June 2009.
Space Radiation & It's Effects On Space Systems & Astronauts Technical Traini...Jim Jenkins
This course is designed for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the fundamentals and the effects of space radiation on space systems and astronauts. The radiation environment imposes strict design requirements on many space systems and is the primary limitation to human exploration outside of the Earth's magnetosphere. The course specifically addresses issues of relevance and concern for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage spacecraft and spacecraft subsystems for robotic or crewed missions. The primary goal is to assist attendees in attainment of their professional potential by providing them with a basic understanding of the interaction of radiation with non-biological and biological materials, the radiation environment, and the tools available to simulate and evaluate the effects of radiation on materials, circuits, and humans
Space Radiation & It's Effects On Space Systems & Astronauts Technical Traini...Jim Jenkins
This course is designed for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the fundamentals and the effects of space radiation on space systems and astronauts. The radiation environment imposes strict design requirements on many space systems and is the primary limitation to human exploration outside of the Earth's magnetosphere. The course specifically addresses issues of relevance and concern for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage spacecraft and spacecraft subsystems for robotic or crewed missions. The primary goal is to assist attendees in attainment of their professional potential by providing them with a basic understanding of the interaction of radiation with non-biological and biological materials, the radiation environment, and the tools available to simulate and evaluate the effects of radiation on materials, circuits, and humans
ATI Courses Satellite Communications Essential Introduction Professional Deve...Jim Jenkins
ATI Courses Satellite Communications- An Essential Introduction course sampler. In this course concepts are explained at a basic level, minimizing the use of math, and providing real-world examples. Several calculations of important concepts such as link budgets are presented for illustrative purposes, but the details need not be understood in depth to gain an understanding of the concepts illustrated. The first section provides non-technical people with the technical background necessary to understand the space and earth segments of the industry, culminating with the importance of the link budget. The concluding section of the course provides an overview of the business issues, including major operators, regulation and legal issues, and issues and trends affecting the industry. Attendees receive a copy of the instructor's new textbook, Satellite Communications for the Non-Specialist, and will have time to discuss issues pertinent to their interests.
Successful systems engineering requires a broad understanding of the important principles of modern satellite communications and onboard data processing. This course covers both theory and practice, with emphasis on the important system engineering principles, tradeoffs, and rules of thumb. The latest technologies are covered, including those needed for constellations of satellites.
This course is recommended for engineers and scientists interested in acquiring an understanding of satellite communications, command and telemetry, onboard computing, and tracking.
A coupled Electromagnetic-Mechanical analysis of next generation Radio Telesc...Altair
This work considers the design of large and complex receivers used in the field of radio astronomy, e.g. for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project. The purpose of this work is to consider a coupled simulation where the electromagnetic analysis, performed with the computational electromagnetic software package FEKO, is enhanced by the structural analysis offered by HyperWorks products such as HyperMesh and Optistruct. External influences such as gravity, wind-loading and thermal properties will be taken into account. This will enhance the electromagnetic simulation results, thereby aiding designers to mitigate these environmental effects.
Speakers
Dr. Danie Ludick, Postdoctoral researcher, Stellenbosch University
Nearly every military vehicle and every satellite that flies into space uses the GPS to fix its position. In this popular 4-day short course, GPS expert Tom Logsdon will describe in detail how those precise radionavigation systems work and review the many practical benefits they provide to military and civilian users in space and around the globe.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
A space solar power satellite system or SSPS can generates electricity without CO2 gas nor harmful debris with competitive cost. So, it should be attached importance in SDG and ESG programs. The SSPS is a huge system working in space so that several key technologies have to be innovated or verified in space before the final manufacture. I will introduce those key technologies in terms of difficulty in applying to SSPS. In a research and development plan, key technologies with more difficulty should be ranked higher. Antennas are typically difficult ones. It is explained how the antenna is challenging compared with the existing antennas on the ground and in space. Finally, I will show you a R&D plan to put SSPS into practical use in about 30 years.
Digital Signal Processing - Practical Techniques, Tips and Tricks Course SamplerJim Jenkins
The goal of this 3-day course is to Introduce, explain, and demonstrate powerful, proven techniques, tips and “tricks of the trade” that can dramatically improve accuracy, speed and efficiency in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications.
The concepts are first presented using many colorful, clear figures along with plain English explanations and real-world examples. They are next demonstrated using clearly written MATLAB programs (with graphics). This way the student sees the key equations “in action” which increases intuitive understanding and learning speed. These (free) working programs can also be later modified or adapted by the student for customized, site specific use.
Each student will receive extensive course slides, a CD with MATLAB m-files for demonstration and later adaptation, supplementary materials and references to aid in the understanding and application of these “techniques, tips, and tricks” and a copy of the instructor’s latest book “The Essential Guide to Digital Signal Processing”.
ATI Courses Satellite Communications Essential Introduction Professional Deve...Jim Jenkins
ATI Courses Satellite Communications- An Essential Introduction course sampler. In this course concepts are explained at a basic level, minimizing the use of math, and providing real-world examples. Several calculations of important concepts such as link budgets are presented for illustrative purposes, but the details need not be understood in depth to gain an understanding of the concepts illustrated. The first section provides non-technical people with the technical background necessary to understand the space and earth segments of the industry, culminating with the importance of the link budget. The concluding section of the course provides an overview of the business issues, including major operators, regulation and legal issues, and issues and trends affecting the industry. Attendees receive a copy of the instructor's new textbook, Satellite Communications for the Non-Specialist, and will have time to discuss issues pertinent to their interests.
Successful systems engineering requires a broad understanding of the important principles of modern satellite communications and onboard data processing. This course covers both theory and practice, with emphasis on the important system engineering principles, tradeoffs, and rules of thumb. The latest technologies are covered, including those needed for constellations of satellites.
This course is recommended for engineers and scientists interested in acquiring an understanding of satellite communications, command and telemetry, onboard computing, and tracking.
A coupled Electromagnetic-Mechanical analysis of next generation Radio Telesc...Altair
This work considers the design of large and complex receivers used in the field of radio astronomy, e.g. for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project. The purpose of this work is to consider a coupled simulation where the electromagnetic analysis, performed with the computational electromagnetic software package FEKO, is enhanced by the structural analysis offered by HyperWorks products such as HyperMesh and Optistruct. External influences such as gravity, wind-loading and thermal properties will be taken into account. This will enhance the electromagnetic simulation results, thereby aiding designers to mitigate these environmental effects.
Speakers
Dr. Danie Ludick, Postdoctoral researcher, Stellenbosch University
Nearly every military vehicle and every satellite that flies into space uses the GPS to fix its position. In this popular 4-day short course, GPS expert Tom Logsdon will describe in detail how those precise radionavigation systems work and review the many practical benefits they provide to military and civilian users in space and around the globe.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
A space solar power satellite system or SSPS can generates electricity without CO2 gas nor harmful debris with competitive cost. So, it should be attached importance in SDG and ESG programs. The SSPS is a huge system working in space so that several key technologies have to be innovated or verified in space before the final manufacture. I will introduce those key technologies in terms of difficulty in applying to SSPS. In a research and development plan, key technologies with more difficulty should be ranked higher. Antennas are typically difficult ones. It is explained how the antenna is challenging compared with the existing antennas on the ground and in space. Finally, I will show you a R&D plan to put SSPS into practical use in about 30 years.
Digital Signal Processing - Practical Techniques, Tips and Tricks Course SamplerJim Jenkins
The goal of this 3-day course is to Introduce, explain, and demonstrate powerful, proven techniques, tips and “tricks of the trade” that can dramatically improve accuracy, speed and efficiency in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications.
The concepts are first presented using many colorful, clear figures along with plain English explanations and real-world examples. They are next demonstrated using clearly written MATLAB programs (with graphics). This way the student sees the key equations “in action” which increases intuitive understanding and learning speed. These (free) working programs can also be later modified or adapted by the student for customized, site specific use.
Each student will receive extensive course slides, a CD with MATLAB m-files for demonstration and later adaptation, supplementary materials and references to aid in the understanding and application of these “techniques, tips, and tricks” and a copy of the instructor’s latest book “The Essential Guide to Digital Signal Processing”.
ELINT Interception and Analysis course samplerJim Jenkins
The course covers methods to intercept radar and other non-communication signals and a then how to analyze the signals to determine their functions and capabilities. Practical exercises illustrate the principles involved.
Space Systems & Space Subsystems Fundamentals Technical Training Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course in space systems and space subsystems is for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the important technical concepts in the development of space instrumentation, subsystems, and systems. The goal is to assist students to achieve their professional potential by endowing them with an understanding of the subsystems and supporting disciplines important to developing space instrumentation, space subsystems, and space systems. It designed for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage subsystems, space systems, launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, or ground systems. The objective is to expose each participant to the fundamentals of each subsystem and their inter-relations, to not necessarily make each student a systems engineer, but to give aerospace engineers and managers a technically based space systems perspective. The fundamental concepts are introduced and illustrated by state-of-the-art examples. This course differs from the typical space systems course in that the technical aspects of each important subsystem are addressed.
AESA Airborne Radar Theory and Operations Technical Training Course SamplerJim Jenkins
The revolutionary active electronically scanned array (AESA) Radar provides huge gains in performance and all the front line fighters in the world from the Americans (F35, F22, F18, F15, F16) to the Europeans, Russians and Chinese already have one or soon will. This four day seminar, which took 10,000 man hours to produce, is a comprehensive treatment on the latest systems engineering technology required to design the modes for an AESA to capitalize on the systems inherent multi role, wide bandwidth, fast beam switching, and high power capabilities. Steve Jobs once said “You must provide the tools to let people become their best”, and this seminar will include two indispensable tools for the AESA engineer. 1) A newly written 400+ page electronic book with interactive calculations and simulations on the more complicated seminar subjects like STAP and Automatic Target Recognition. 2) A professionally designed spread sheet (with software) for designing, capturing and predicting the detection performance of the AESA modes including the challenging Alert-Confirm waveform.
This three day course is intended for practicing systems engineers who want to learn how to apply model-driven systems Successful systems engineering requires a broad understanding of the important principles of modern spacecraft communications. This three-day course covers both theory and practice, with emphasis on the important system engineering principles, tradeoffs, and rules of thumb. The latest technologies are covered. <p>
Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture: Bent Pipe a...Jim Jenkins
This four-day course, ATI Courses.com's Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture course , provides communications and satellite systems engineers and system architects with a comprehensive and accurate approach for the specification and detailed design of the communications payload and its integration into a satellite system. Both standard bent pipe repeaters and digital processors (on board and ground-based) are studied in depth, and optimized from the standpoint of maximizing throughput and coverage (single footprint and multi-beam). Applications in Fixed Satellite Service (C, X, Ku and Ka bands) and Mobile Satellite Service (L and S bands) are addressed as are the requirements of the associated ground segment for satellite control and the provision of services to end users.
Software Defined Radio Engineering course samplerJim Jenkins
This 3-day course is designed for digital signal processing engineers, RF system engineers, and managers who wish to enhance their understanding of this rapidly emerging technology. Most topics include carefully described design analysis, alternative approaches, performance analysis, and references to published research results. Many topics are illustrated by Matlab simulation demos. An extensive bibliography is included.
Satellite RF Communications and Onboard Processing Course SamplerJim Jenkins
Successful systems engineering requires a broad understanding of the important principles of modern satellite communications and onboard data processing. This course covers both theory and practice, with emphasis on the important system engineering principles, tradeoffs, and rules of thumb. The latest technologies are covered, including those needed for constellations of satellites.
This course is recommended for engineers and scientists interested in acquiring an understanding of satellite communications, command and telemetry, onboard computing, and tracking. Each participant will receive a complete set of notes.
Fundamentals of Passive and Active Sonar Technical Training Short Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course is designed for SONAR systems engineers, combat systems engineers, undersea warfare professionals, and managers who wish to enhance their understanding of passive and active SONAR or become familiar with the "big picture" if they work outside of either discipline. Each topic is presented by instructors with substantial experience at sea. Presentations are illustrated by worked numerical examples using simulated or experimental data describing actual undersea acoustic situations and geometries. Visualization of transmitted waveforms, target interactions, and detector responses is emphasized.
Space Environment & It's Effects On Space Systems course samplerJim Jenkins
This class on the space environment and its effects on space systems is for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the important issues that must be addressed in the development of space instrumentation, subsystems, and systems. The goal is to assist students to achieve their professional potential by endowing them with an understanding of the fundamentals of the space environment and its effects. The class is designed for participants who expect to either, plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage payloads, subsystems, launch vehicles, spacecraft, or ground systems.
Each participant will receive a copy of the reference textbook: Pisacane, VL. The Space Environment and its Effects on Space Systems. AIAA Education Series, 2008.
Bioastronautics: Space Exploration and its Effects on the Human Body Course S...Jim Jenkins
This three-day course is intended for technical and managerial personnel who wish to be introduced to the effects of the space environment on humans. This course introduces bioastronautics from a fundamental perspective, assuming no prior knowledge of biology, physiology, or chemistry. The objective of the course is to provide the student with basic knowledge that will allow him or her to contribute more effectively to the human space exploration program. The human body, that through evolution is uniquely designed to function on the Earth, adapts to the space environment characterized by weightlessness and enhanced radiation. These alterations can impact the health and performance of astronauts, especially on return to the Earth.
Fundamentals Of Space Systems & Space Subsystems course samplerJim Jenkins
This course in space systems and space subsystems is for technical and management personnel who wish to gain an understanding of the important technical concepts in the development of space instrumentation, subsystems, and systems. The goal is to assist students to achieve their professional potential by endowing them with an understanding of the subsystems and supporting disciplines important to developing space instrumentation, space subsystems, and space systems. It designed for participants who expect to plan, design, build, integrate, test, launch, operate or manage subsystems, space systems, launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, or ground systems. The objective is to expose each participant to the fundamentals of each subsystem and their inter-relations, to not necessarily make each student a systems engineer, but to give aerospace engineers and managers a technically based space systems perspective. The fundamental concepts are introduced and illustrated by state-of-the-art examples. This course differs from the typical space systems course in that the technical aspects of each important subsystem are addressed.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
Space Systems Fundamentals
1. Professional Development Short Course On:
Space Systems Fundamentals
Instructor:
Dr. Mike Gruntman
http://www.ATIcourses.com/schedule.htm
ATI Course Schedule:
http://www.aticourses.com/space_systems_fundamentals.htm
ATI's Space Systems Fundamentals:
349 Berkshire Drive • Riva, Maryland 21140
888-501-2100 • 410-956-8805
Website: www.ATIcourses.com • Email: ATI@ATIcourses.com
2. Space Systems Fundamentals
NEW! May 18-21, 2009
Albuquerque, New Mexico
June 22-25, 2009
Beltsville, Maryland
$1590 (9:00am - 4:30pm)
quot;Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Summary Off The Course Tuition.quot;
This four-day course provides an overview of the
fundamentals of concepts and technologies of modern
spacecraft systems design. Satellite system and
mission design is an essentially interdisciplinary sport
Course Outline
that combines engineering, science, and external
phenomena. We will concentrate on scientific and 1. Space Missions And Applications. Science,
engineering foundations of spacecraft systems and exploration, commercial, national security. Customers.
interactions among various subsystems. Examples 2. Space Environment And Spacecraft
show how to quantitatively estimate various mission Interaction. Universe, galaxy, solar system.
elements (such as velocity increments) and conditions Coordinate systems. Time. Solar cycle. Plasma.
(equilibrium temperature) and how to size major Geomagnetic field. Atmosphere, ionosphere,
spacecraft subsystems (propellant, antennas, magnetosphere. Atmospheric drag. Atomic oxygen.
transmitters, solar arrays, batteries). Real examples Radiation belts and shielding.
are used to permit an understanding of the systems 3. Orbital Mechanics And Mission Design. Motion
selection and trade-off issues in the design process. in gravitational field. Elliptic orbit. Classical orbit
The fundamentals of subsystem technologies provide elements. Two-line element format. Hohmann transfer.
an indispensable basis for system engineering. The Delta-V requirements. Launch sites. Launch to
basic nomenclature, vocabulary, and concepts will geostationary orbit. Orbit perturbations. Key orbits:
make it possible to converse with understanding with geostationary, sun-synchronous, Molniya.
subsystem specialists. 4. Space Mission Geometry. Satellite horizon,
The course is designed for engineers and managers ground track, swath. Repeating orbits.
who are involved in planning, designing, building, 5. Spacecraft And Mission Design Overview.
launching, and operating space systems and Mission design basics. Life cycle of the mission.
spacecraft subsystems and components. The Reviews. Requirements. Technology readiness levels.
extensive set of course notes provide a concise Systems engineering.
reference for understanding, designing, and operating 6. Mission Support. Ground stations. Deep
modern spacecraft. The course will appeal to engineers Space Network (DSN). STDN. SGLS. Space Laser
and managers of diverse background and varying Ranging (SLR). TDRSS.
levels of experience. 7. Attitude Determination And Control.
Spacecraft attitude. Angular momentum. Environmental
disturbance torques. Attitude sensors. Attitude control
Instructor techniques (configurations). Spin axis precession.
Dr. Mike Gruntman is Professor of Astronautics at Reaction wheel analysis.
the University of Southern California. He is a specialist 8. Spacecraft Propulsion. Propulsion
in astronautics, space technology, sensors, and space requirements. Fundamentals of propulsion: thrust,
physics. Gruntman participates in several theoretical specific impulse, total impulse. Rocket dynamics:
and experimental programs in space science and rocket equation. Staging. Nozzles. Liquid propulsion
space technology, including space missions. He systems. Solid propulsion systems. Thrust vector
authored and co-authored more 200 publications in control. Electric propulsion.
various areas of astronautics, space physics, and 9. Launch Systems. Launch issues. Atlas and
instrumentation. Delta launch families. Acoustic environment. Launch
system example: Delta II.
What You Will Learn 10. Space Communications. Communications
basics. Electromagnetic waves. Decibel language.
• Common space mission and spacecraft bus
Antennas. Antenna gain. TWTA and SSA. Noise. Bit
configurations, requirements, and constraints.
rate. Communication link design. Modulation
• Common orbits. techniques. Bit error rate.
• Fundamentals of spacecraft subsystems and their 11. Spacecraft Power Systems. Spacecraft power
interactions. system elements. Orbital effects. Photovoltaic systems
• How to calculate velocity increments for typical (solar cells and arrays). Radioisotope thermal
orbital maneuvers. generators (RTG). Batteries. Sizing power systems.
• How to calculate required amount of propellant. 12. Thermal Control. Environmental loads.
Blackbody concept. Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann
• How to design communications link..
laws. Passive thermal control. Coatings. Active thermal
• How to size solar arrays and batteries.
control. Heat pipes.
• How to determine spacecraft temperature.
Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805
60 – Vol. 97
3. www.ATIcourses.com
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5. Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Coordinate Systems
Coordinate systems play an
exceptionally important role in
exploration of space. They
provide the means to describe
complicated motions of celestial
bodies and spacecraft.
The most commonly used
coordinate system in science and
engineering is the Cartesian
coordinate system formed by
three orthogonal (perpendicular
to each other) vectors x,y,z. The
coordinate system that is used
In the spherical coordinate system, one
most often in space (and in
describes a position of a point by a distance
astronomy as well) is the
from the center of coordinates and two angles
spherical coordinate system.
between the direction to the point and two
coordinate-system-specific reference vectors.
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 13/20
6. Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Coordinate Systems
• Reference vectors
reference vector selection determines
the reference plane (normal to the
vector)
• Center associated with natural phenomena
(provided by nature)
Depending on
• rotation of the earth about its axis
application, the center of
the coordinate system is defines the equatorial plane
selected in such a way • motion of the earth around the sun
as to simplify the
defines the ecliptic plane
description of particle
assumed fixed in inertial space
(spacecraft) motion:
• in reality, precession
geocentric
reference vectors are preferred to be
heliocentric
perpendicular to each other
planetocentric
• how do we define the second
center of galaxy
vector?
….
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 14/20
Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Ecliptic
and
Equatorial
Planes
• The plane, which contains the earth’s orbit around the sun, is called the ecliptic plane.
Obviously, the sun is in this plane. The axis of the earth’s rotation around the sun (and
correspondingly the ecliptic plane) is fixed in inertial space (except for small precession).
• An angle between the orbital plane of a planet and the ecliptic plane is called the
inclination of the orbital plane. The orbits of the planets are close to the ecliptic plane,
except those of Mercury and especially Pluto.
• The Earth rotates about its axis (which defines the South-North direction). This axis of
rotation is fixed in inertial space (except for small precession) and its direction does not
change as earth moves around the sun.
• The axis of rotation is not perpendicular (normal) to the ecliptic plane; the angle between
the axis of earth’s rotation and direction perpendicular to the ecliptic plane is 23.5 . This
inclination of the axis is the most important factor “responsible” for the seasons.
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 15/20
7. Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Vernal Equinox Vector
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 16/20
Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Vernal
Equinox
Vector
• The vernal equinox is a reference vector to establish longitude in both celestial and
heliocentric systems of coordinates.
• There are two equinoxes each year, in the spring and in the fall. At equinox, earth is
located at the intersection line of the equatorial and ecliptic planes. The equinox in the
spring (around March 21) is called the vernal equinox; the equinox in the fall – the
autumnal equinox.
• The direction from the center of mass of the Earth to the center of the sun at the vernal
equinox is the reference vector (the vernal equinox vector) to determine longitude.
• The vernal equinox was first established thousands of years ago. At that time the vernal
equinox vector passed through constellation of Aries (The Ram). The astronomical sign
of the Ram, , is still used for the vernal equinox vector although over the years the
vector moved to Pisces (The Fishes).
• The equinox vector precession rate is 0.014 degrees per year …. Why does it happen?
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 17/20
8. Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Coordinate Systems
• Geocentric Celestial
For a spacecraft orbiting the Earth, it would be convenient to use the
system of coordinate with the center at the Earth’s center and using the
Earth’s equator as a reference plane. Such a coordinate system is called
the geocentric system of coordinates (see figure). The equatorial plane is
the reference plane and the X-axis is the vernal equinox vector.
• Heliocentric
For a spacecraft traveling from one planet to another, say from Earth to
Jupiter, it would be convenient to place the center of the coordinate system
at the Sun and use the ecliptic plane as a reference plane. Such a
coordinate system is called the heliocentric system of coordinates. The
equatorial plane is inclined at an angle 23.5 with respect to the ecliptic.
• Galactic
For determining position of stars belonging to our galaxy, it would be
convenient to use the galactic plane as a reference plane. Such a
coordinate system is called the galactic system of coordinates.
• Space missions typically require use of various systems of coordinates
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 18/20
Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Time
Apparent Solar Time Mean solar time
• One day is determined as an • This is the time that you have on your
interval between two successive watch.
high noons (two successive solar • It assumes a circular orbit of the Earth,
transits across a local meridian). the spin axis normal to the ecliptic
The problem is that all days are plane, no axis-wobbling, etc.
slightly different because • A mean solar day is equal to exactly
Earth’s orbit is not exactly 24 hours or 1440 minutes or
circular 86,400 seconds
Earth rotates around the Sun Universal Time
Earth rotates about its axis
• The mean solar time at Greenwich
the spin axis is not normal to (England) is called the Universal Time
the ecliptic plane (UT).
Earth’s axis slightly wobbles • Scientific data obtained from
• All these effects are small and spacecraft are very often time-tagged
predictable. So it is possible to using the UT system.
build a time scale based on the
mean motion of the Earth relative
the Sun, mean solar time.
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 19/20
9. Mike Gruntman Space Systems Fundamentals – Part 02. Universe. … Coordinate systems
Sidereal Time
• In this time scale, the motion of the Earth relative to the stars determines the
time. A sidereal day is slightly different from the mean solar day.
This difference is illustrated in figure.
• A mean solar day = 1.0027379 mean sidereal day.
• 1 sidereal day = 23 hr 56 min 4.09 sec
• Spacecraft in geostationary orbit (GEO)
2006 by Mike Gruntman 2006_06_MG_SSF_Part_02 20/20