Ati space, satellite,aerospace,engineering technical training courses catalog Vol 116

APPliED TEChNology iNSTiTuTE, llC

Training Rocket Scientists
Since 1984

Volume 116
Valid through June 2014

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H N IC G
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Acoustics & Sonar Engineering
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2 – Vol. 116

Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805

Table of Contents
Space & Satellite Systems
Communications Payload Design - Satellite System Architecture
Mar 4-7, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Earth Station Design
Jan 6-9, 2014 • Fayetteville, North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Jun 9-12, 2014 • Colorado Springs, Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Ground Systems Design & Operation
May 20-22, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Hyperspectral & Multispectral Imaging
Jun 10-12, 2014 • Chantilly, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
IP Networking Over Satellite
Jan 28-29, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Orbital & Launch Mechanics – Fundamentals
Apr 14-17, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SATCOM Technology & Networks
May 20-22, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Satellite Communications - An Essential Introduction
Feb 3-6, 2014 • Virtual Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Apr 8-10, 2014 • Laurel, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Satellite Communications - Design & Engineering
Mar 4-6, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Satellite Communications Systems - Advanced
Jan 21-23, 2014 • Cocoa Beach, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Satellite Laser Communications
Feb 25-27, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Apr 28-May 1, 2014 • Cleveland, Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Space Environment: Implications for Spacecraft Design
Jan 27-28, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Apr 15-16, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Spacecraft Reliability, Quality Assurance, Integrations & Testing
Mar 13-14, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Space Systems Fundamentals
Jan 20-23, 2014 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Spacecraft Power Systems
Apr 8-9, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Spacecraft Thermal Control
Feb 27-28, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Systems Engineering & Project Management
Agile Boot Camp / Agile Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Agile in the Government Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Agile Project Management Certification Workshop (PMI-ACP) . . 21
CSEP Preparation
Feb 10-11, 2014 • Orlando, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Cost Estimating
Feb 25-26, 2014 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Effective Design Reviews
Systems Engineering - Requirements
Defense, Missiles, & Radar
AESA Airborne Radar Theory & Operations NEW!
May 12-15, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Combat Systems Engineering
Feb 25-27, 2014 • Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles
Electronic Warfare - Advanced
Electronic Warfare - Overview
Feb 4-5, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
GPS Technology
Missile System Design
Modern Missile Analysis
Jan 20-23, 2014 • Huntsville, Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Feb 3-6, 2014 • Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Multi-Target Tracking & Multi-Sensor Data Fusion (MSDF)
Passive Emitter Geo-Location
Feb 11-13, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Principles of Modern Radar
May 12-15, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Propagation Effects for Radar & Communication Systems
Radar 101 / 201
Apr 15-16, 2014 • Laurel, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Radar Systems Design & Engineering
Jun 23-26, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Rockets & Missiles - Fundamentals
Mar 4-6, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Rocket Propulsion 101
Mar 25-27, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Software Defined Radio Engineering
Jan 21-23, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Apr 22-24, 2014 • Cleveland, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Solid Rocket Motor Design & Applications
Synthetic Aperture Radar - Fundamentals
Feb 10-11, 2014 • Chantilly, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
May 5-6, 2014 • Denver, Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Synthetic Aperture Radar - Advanced
Feb 12-13, 2014 • Chantilly, Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
May 7-8, 2014 • Denver, Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Tactical Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance
Unmanned Air Vehicle Design
Feb 18-20, 2014 • Hampton, Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Apr 22-24, 2014 • Dayton, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Unmanned Aircraft System Fundamentals
Cyber Security, Engineering & Communications
Cyber Warfare - Global Trends
Feb 11-13, 2014 • Laurel, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Apr 7-10, 2014 • Virtual Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Digital Video Systems, Broadcast & Operations
Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility / Signal Integrity
Feb 11-13, 2014 • San Diego, California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Feb 18-20, 2014 • Orlando, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
EMI / EMC in Military Systems
May 20-22, 2014 • Northern, Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms: Fundamentals
Fiber Optic Communications
Kalman, H-Infinity, & Nonlinear Estimation
May 20-22, 2014 • Laurel, Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
RF Engineering - Fundamentals
Mar 18-19, 2014 • Laurel, Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Telecommunications System Reliability Engineering
Wireless Communications & Spread Spectrum Design
Acoustics & Sonar Engineering
Acoustics Fundamentals, Measurements & Applications
Feb 25-27, 2014 • San Diego, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Design, Operation, & Data Analysis of Side Scan Sonar Systems
Random Vibration & Shock Testing - Fundamentals
Feb 18-20, 2014 • Santa Barbara, California . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Apr 8-10, 2014 • Detroit, Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
May 20-22, 2014 • Santa Clarita, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Sonar Transducer Design - Fundamentals
Military Standard 810G
Jan 13-16, 2014 • Cape Canaveral, Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Feb 4-7, 2014 • Santa Clarita, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Topics for On-site Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Popular “On-site” Topics & Ways to Register . . . . . 64


Vol. 116 – 3

Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture
March 4-7, 2014

Course Outline

Columbia, Maryland

1. Communications
Payloads
and
Service
Requirements. Bandwidth, coverage, services and
applications; RF link characteristics and appropriate use of link
budgets; bent pipe payloads using passive and active
components; specific demands for broadband data, IP over
satellite, mobile communications and service availability;
principles for using digital processing in system architecture,
and on-board processor examples at L band (non-GEO and
GEO) and Ka band.
2. Systems Engineering to Meet Service
Requirements. Transmission engineering of the satellite link
and payload (modulation and FEC, standards such as DVB-S2
and Adaptive Coding and Modulation, ATM and IP routing in
space); optimizing link and payload design through
consideration of traffic distribution and dynamics, link margin,
RF interference and frequency coordination requirements.
3. Bent-pipe Repeater Design. Example of a detailed
block and level diagram, design for low noise amplification,
down-conversion design, IMUX and band-pass filtering, group
delay and gain slope, AGC and linearizaton, power
amplification (SSPA and TWTA, linearization and parallel
combining), OMUX and design for high power/multipactor,
redundancy switching and reliability assessment.
4. Spacecraft Antenna Design and Performance. Fixed
reflector systems (offset parabola, Gregorian, Cassegrain)
feeds and feed systems, movable and reconfigurable
antennas; shaped reflectors; linear and circular polarization.
5. Communications Payload Performance Budgeting.
Gain to Noise Temperature Ratio (G/T), Saturation Flux
Density (SFD), and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP);
repeater gain/loss budgeting; frequency stability and phase
noise; third-order intercept (3ICP), gain flatness, group delay;
non-linear phase shift (AM/PM); out of band rejection and
amplitude non-linearity (C3IM and NPR).
6. On-board Digital Processor Technology. A/D and D/A
conversion, digital signal processing for typical channels and
formats (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA); demodulation and
remodulation, multiplexing and packet switching; static and
dynamic beam forming; design requirements and service
impacts.
7. Multi-beam Antennas. Fixed multi-beam antennas
using multiple feeds, feed layout and isloation; phased array
approaches using reflectors and direct radiating arrays; onboard versus ground-based beamforming.
8. RF Interference and Spectrum Management
Considerations. Unraveling the FCC and ITU international
regulatory and coordination process; choosing frequency
bands that address service needs; development of regulatory
and frequency coordination strategy based on successful case
studies.
9. Ground Segment Selection and Optimization.
Overall architecture of the ground segment: satellite TT&C and
communications services; earth station and user terminal
capabilities and specifications (fixed and mobile); modems and
baseband systems; selection of appropriate antenna based on
link requirements and end-user/platform considerations.
10. Earth station and User Terminal Tradeoffs: RF
tradeoffs (RF power, EIRP, G/T); network design for provision
of service (star, mesh and hybrid networks); portability and
mobility.
11. Performance and Capacity Assessment.
Determining capacity requirements in terms of bandwidth,
power and network operation; selection of the air interface
(multiple access, modulation and coding); interfaces with
satellite and ground segment; relationship to available
standards in current use and under development.
12. Advanced Concepts for Inter-satellite Links and
System Verification. Requirements for inter-satellite links in
communications and tracking applications. RF technology at
Ka and Q bands; optical laser innovations that are applied to
satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground links. Innovations in
verification of payload and ground segment performance and
operation; where and how to review sources of available
technology and software to evaluate subsystem and system
performance; guidelines for overseeing development and
evaluating alternate technologies and their sources.

$2045

(8:30am - 4:00pm)

"Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 each
Off The Course Tuition."

Video!

www.aticourses.com/Communications_Payload_Design_etc.html

Summary

This four-day course provides communications and
satellite systems engineers and system architects with a
comprehensive and accurate approach for the
specification and detailed design of the communications
payload and its integration into a satellite system. Both
standard bent pipe repeaters and digital processors (on
board and ground-based) are studied in depth, and
optimized from the standpoint of maximizing throughput
and coverage (single footprint and multi-beam).
Applications in Fixed Satellite Service (C, X, Ku and Ka
bands) and Mobile Satellite Service (L and S bands) are
addressed as are the requirements of the associated
ground segment for satellite control and the provision of
services to end users. Discussion will address intersatellite links using millimeter wave RF and optical
technologies. The text, Satellite Communication – Third
Edition (Artech House, 2008) is included.

Instructor
Bruce R. Elbert (MSEE, MBA) is president of an
independent satellite communications
consulting firm. He is a recognized satellite
communications expert with 40 years of
experience in satellite communications
payload and systems engineering
beginning at COMSAT Laboratories and
including 25 years with Hughes Electronics
(now Boeing Satellite). He has contributed
to the design and construction of major
communications satellites, including Intelsat V, Inmarsat 4,
Galaxy, Thuraya, DIRECTV, Morelos (Mexico) and Palapa
A (Indonesia). Mr. Elbert led R&D in Ka band systems and
is a prominent expert in the application of millimeter wave
technology to commercial use. He has written eight books,
including: The Satellite Communication Applications
Handbook – Second Edition (Artech House, 2004), The
Satellite Communication Ground Segment and Earth
Station Handbook (Artech House, 2004), and Introduction
to Satellite Communication - Third Edition (Artech House,
2008), is included.

What You Will Learn

• How to transform system and service requirements into
payload specifications and design elements.
• What are the specific characteristics of payload
components, such as antennas, LNAs, microwave filters,
channel and power amplifiers, and power combiners.
• What space and ground architecture to employ when
evaluating on-board processing and multiple beam
antennas, and how these may be configured for optimum
end-to-end performance.
• How to understand the overall system architecture and the
capabilities of ground segment elements - hubs and remote
terminals - to integrate with the payload, constellation and
end-to-end system.
• From this course you will obtain the knowledge, skill and
ability to configure a communications payload based on its
service requirements and technical features. You will
understand the engineering processes and device
characteristics that determine how the payload is put
together and operates in a state - of - the - art
telecommunications system to meet user needs.
4 – Vol. 116


Earth Station Design, Implementation, Operation and Maintenance
for Satellite Communications

January 6-9, 2014
Fayetteville, North Carolina

June 9-12, 2014
Colorado Springs, Colorado

$2045

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Video!

www.aticourses.com/earth_station_design.htm

Summary

This intensive four-day course is intended for satellite
communications engineers, earth station design
professionals, and operations and maintenance managers
and technical staff. The course provides a proven
approach to the design of modern earth stations, from the
system level down to the critical elements that determine
the performance and reliability of the facility. We address
the essential technical properties in the baseband and RF,
and delve deeply into the block diagram, budgets and
specification of earth stations and hubs. Also addressed
are practical approaches for the procurement and
implementation of the facility, as well as proper practices
for O&M and testing throughout the useful life. The overall
methodology assures that the earth station meets its
requirements in a cost effective and manageable manner.
Each student will receive a copy of Bruce R. Elbert’s text
The Satellite Communication Ground Segment and Earth
Station Engineering Handbook, Artech House, 2001.

Instructor

Bruce R. Elbert, (MSEE, MBA) is president of an
independent satellite communications
consulting firm. He is a recognized
satellite communications expert and
has been involved in the satellite and
telecommunications industries for over
40 years. He founded ATSI to assist
major private and public sector
organizations that develop and operate digital video
and broadband networks using satellite technologies
and services. During 25 years with Hughes
Electronics, he directed the design of several major
satellite projects, including Palapa A, Indonesia’s
original satellite system; the Galaxy follow-on system
(the largest and most successful satellite TV system in
the world); and the development of the first GEO
mobile satellite system capable of serving handheld
user terminals. Mr. Elbert was also ground segment
manager for the Hughes system, which included eight
teleports and 3 VSAT hubs. He served in the US Army
Signal Corps as a radio communications officer and
instructor. By considering the technical, business, and
operational aspects of satellite systems, Mr. Elbert has
contributed to the operational and economic success
of leading organizations in the field. He has written
seven books on telecommunications and IT, including
Introduction to Satellite Communication, Third Edition
(Artech House, 2008). The Satellite Communication
Applications Handbook, Second Edition (Artech
House, 2004); The Satellite Communication Ground
Segment and Earth Station Handbook (Artech House,
2001), the course text.

Course Outline
1. Ground Segment and Earth Station Technical
Aspects.
Evolution of satellite communication earth stations—
teleports and hubs • Earth station design philosophy for
performance and operational effectiveness • Engineering
principles • Propagation considerations • The isotropic
source, line of sight, antenna principles • Atmospheric
effects: troposphere (clear air and rain) and ionosphere
(Faraday and scintillation) • Rain effects and rainfall
regions • Use of the DAH and Crane rain models •
Modulation systems (QPSK, OQPSK, MSK, GMSK,
8PSK, 16 QAM, and 32 APSK) • Forward error correction
techniques (Viterbi, Reed-Solomon, Turbo, and LDPC
codes) • Transmission equation and its relationship to the
link budget • Radio frequency clearance and interference
consideration • RFI prediction techniques • Antenna
sidelobes (ITU-R Rec 732) • Interference criteria and
coordination • Site selection • RFI problem identification
and resolution.
2. Major Earth Station Engineering.
RF terminal design and optimization. Antennas for
major earth stations (fixed and tracking, LP and CP) •
Upconverter and HPA chain (SSPA, TWTA, and KPA) •
LNA/LNB and downconverter chain. Optimization of RF
terminal configuration and performance (redundancy,
power combining, and safety) • Baseband equipment
configuration and integration • Designing and verifying the
terrestrial interface • Station monitor and control • Facility
design and implementation • Prime power and UPS
systems. Developing environmental requirements (HVAC)
• Building design and construction • Grounding and
lightening control.
3. Hub Requirements and Supply.
Earth station uplink and downlink gain budgets • EIRP
budget • Uplink gain budget and equipment requirements
• G/T budget • Downlink gain budget • Ground segment
supply process • Equipment and system specifications •
Format of a Request for Information • Format of a Request
for Proposal • Proposal evaluations • Technical
comparison criteria • Operational requirements • Costbenefit and total cost of ownership.
4. Link Budget Analysis Related to the Earth
Station.
Standard ground rules for satellite link budgets •
Frequency band selection: L, S, C, X, Ku, and Ka •
Satellite footprints (EIRP, G/T, and SFD) and transponder
plans • Transponder loading and optimum multi-carrier
backoff • How to assess transponder capacity • Maximize
throughput • Minimize receive dish size • Minimize
transmit power • Examples: DVB-S2 broadcast, digital
VSAT network with multi-carrier operation.
5. Earth Terminal Maintenance Requirements and
Procedures.
Outdoor systems • Antennas, mounts and waveguide •
Field of view • Shelter, power and safety • Indoor RF and
IF systems • Vendor requirements by subsystem • Failure
modes and routine testing.
6. VSAT
Basseband
Hub
Maintenance
Requirements and Procedures.
IF and modem equipment • Performance evaluation •
Test procedures • TDMA control equipment and software •
Hardware and computers • Network management system
• System software
7. Hub Procurement and Operation Case Study.
General requirements and life-cycle • Block diagram •
Functional division into elements for design and
procurement • System level specifications • Vendor
options • Supply specifications and other requirements •
RFP definition • Proposal evaluation • O&M planning


Vol. 116 – 5

Ground Systems Design and Operation
May 20-22, 2014
Columbia, Maryland
Summary
This three-day course provides a practical
introduction to all aspects of ground system design and
operation. Starting with basic communications
principles, an understanding is developed of ground
system architectures and system design issues. The
function of major ground system elements is explained,
leading to a discussion of day-to-day operations. The
course concludes with a discussion of current trends in
Ground System design and operations.
This course is intended for engineers, technical
managers, and scientists who are interested in
acquiring a working understanding of ground systems
as an introduction to the field or to help broaden their
overall understanding of space mission systems and
mission operations. It is also ideal for technical
professionals who need to use, manage, operate, or
purchase a ground system.

Instructor
Steve Gemeny is Director of Engineering for
Syntonics. Formerly Senior Member of
the Professional Staff at The Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory where he served as Ground
Station Lead for the TIMED mission to
explore Earth’s atmosphere and Lead
Ground System Engineer on the New
Horizons mission to explore Pluto by
2020. Prior to joining the Applied Physics Laboratory,
Mr. Gemeny held numerous engineering and technical
sales positions with Orbital Sciences Corporation,
Mobile TeleSystems Inc. and COMSAT Corporation
beginning in 1980. Mr. Gemeny is an experienced
professional in the field of Ground Station and Ground
System design in both the commercial world and on
NASA Science missions with a wealth of practical
knowledge spanning more than three decades. Mr.
Gemeny delivers his experiences and knowledge to his
students with an informative and entertaining
presentation style.

What You Will Learn
• The fundamentals of ground system design,
architecture and technology.
• Cost and performance tradeoffs in the spacecraft-toground communications link.
• Cost and performance tradeoffs in the design and
implementation of a ground system.
• The capabilities and limitations of the various
modulation types (FM, PSK, QPSK).
• The fundamentals of ranging and orbit determination
for orbit maintenance.
• Basic day-to-day operations practices and
procedures for typical ground systems.
• Current trends and recent experiences in cost and
schedule constrained operations.
6 – Vol. 116

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. The Link Budget. An introduction to
basic communications system principles and
theory; system losses, propagation effects,
Ground Station performance, and frequency
selection.
2. Ground System Architecture and
System Design. An overview of ground
system topology providing an introduction to
ground system elements and technologies.
3. Ground System Elements. An element
by element review of the major ground station
subsystems, explaining roles, parameters,
limitations, tradeoffs, and current technology.
4. Figure of Merit (G/T). An introduction to
the key parameter used to characterize
satellite ground station performance, bringing
all ground station elements together to form a
complete system.
5. Modulation Basics. An introduction to
modulation types, signal sets, analog and
digital modulation schemes, and modulator demodulator performance characteristics.
6. Ranging and Tracking. A discussion of
ranging and tracking for orbit determination.
7. Ground System Networks and
Standards. A survey of several ground system
networks and standards with a discussion of
applicability, advantages, disadvantages, and
alternatives.
8. Ground System Operations. A
discussion of day-to-day operations in a typical
ground system including planning and staffing,
spacecraft commanding, health and status
monitoring, data recovery, orbit determination,
and orbit maintenance.
9. Trends in Ground System Design. A
discussion of the impact of the current cost and
schedule constrained approach on Ground
System design and operation, including COTS
hardware and software systems, autonomy,
and unattended “lights out” operations.


June 10-12, 2014
Chantilly, Virginia

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Video!
www.aticourses.com/hyperspectral_imaging.htm

Taught by an internationally
recognized leader & expert
in spectral remote sensing!
Summary
This three-day class is designed for engineers,
scientists and other remote sensing professionals
who wish to become familiar with multispectral
and hyperspectral remote sensing technology.
Students in this course will learn the basic
physics of spectroscopy, the types of spectral
sensors currently used by government and
industry, and the types of data processing used
for various applications. Lectures will be
enhanced by computer demonstrations. After
taking this course, students should be able to
communicate and work productively with other
professionals in this field. Each student will
receive a complete set of notes and the textbook,
Remote Sensing of the Environment, 2nd edition,
by John R. Jensen.

Instructor
Dr. William Roper, P.E. holds PhD
Environmental Engineering, Mich. State
University and BS and MS in Engineering,
University of Wisconsin. He has served as a
Senior Executive (SES), US Army, President and
Founding Director Rivers of the World
Foundation,. His research interests include
remote sensing and geospatial applications,
sustainable
development,
environmental
assessment, water resource stewardship, and
infrastructure energy efficiency. Dr. Roper is the
author of four books, over 150 technical papers
and speaker at numerous national and
international forums.

Course Outline
1. Introduction to Multispectral and
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing.
2. Sensor Types and Characterization.
Design tradeoffs. Data formats and systems.
3. Optical Properties For Remote
Sensing. Solar radiation. Atmospheric
transmittance, absorption and scattering.
4. Sensor Modeling and Evaluation.
Spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution.
5. Multivariate Data Analysis. Scatterplots.
Impact of sensor performance on data
characteristics.
6. Assessment of unique signature
characteristics. Differentiation of water,
vegetation, soils and urban infrastructure.
7. Hyperspectral Data Analysis. Frequency
band selection and band combination assessment.
8. Matching sensor characteristics to
study objectives. Sensor matching to specific
application examples.
9. Classification of Remote Sensing Data.
Supervised and unsupervised classification;
Parametric and non-parametric classifiers.
10. Application Case Studies. Application
examples used to illustrate principles and show
in-the-field experience.

What You Will Learn
• The properties of remote sensing systems.
• How to match sensors to project applications.
• The limitations of passive optical remote
sensing systems and the alternative systems
that address these limitations.
• The types of processing used for classification
of image data.
• Evaluation methods for spatial, spectral,
temporal and radiometric resolution analysis.


Vol. 116 – 7

Performance and Efficiency

January 28-29, 2014
Columbia, Marylandl

$1150

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Instructor
Burt H. Liebowitz is Principal Network Engineer at the
MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia,
specializing in the analysis of wireless
services. He has more than 30 years
experience in computer networking, the last
ten of which have focused on Internet-oversatellite services in demanding military and
commercial applications. He was President
of NetSat Express Inc., a leading provider of
such services. Before that he was Chief
Technical Officer for Loral Orion, responsible for Internetover-satellite access products. Mr. Liebowitz has authored
two books on distributed processing and numerous articles
on computing and communications systems. He has lectured
extensively on computer networking. He holds three patents
for a satellite-based data networking system. Mr. Liebowitz
has B.E.E. and M.S. in Mathematics degrees from
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and an M.S.E.E. from
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

What You Will Learn
• IP protocols at the network, transport and application layers. Voice
over IP (VOIP).
• The impact of IP overheads and the off the shelf devices available to
reduce this impact: WAN optimizers, header compression, voice
and video compression, performance enhancement proxies, voice
multiplexers, caching, satellite-based IP multicasting.
• How to deploy Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms and use traffic
engineering to ensure maximum performance (fast response time,
low packet loss, low packet delay and jitter) over communication
links.
• How to use satellites as essential elements in mission critical data
networks.
• How to understand and overcome the impact of propagation delay
and bit errors on throughput and response time in satellite-based IP
networks.
• Impact of new coding and modulation techniques on bandwidth
efficiency – more bits per second per hertz.
• How adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) can improve bandwidth
efficiency.
• How to link satellite and terrestrial circuits to create hybrid IP
networks.
• How to use statistical multiplexing to reduce the cost and amount of
satellite resources that support converged voice, video, data
networks with strict performance requirements.
• Link budget tradeoffs in the design of TDM/TDMA DAMA networks.
• Standards for IP Modems: DVB in the commercial world, JIPM in
the military world.
• How to select the appropriate system architectures for Internet
access, enterprise and content delivery networks.
• The impact on cost and performance of new technology, such as
LEOs, Ka band, on-board processing, inter-satellite links, traffic
optimization devices, high through put satellites such as Jupiter,
Viasat-1.
After taking this course you will understand how to implement highly
efficient satellite-based networks that provide Internet access,
multicast content delivery services, and mission-critical Intranet
services to users around the world.

8 – Vol. 116

Summary

This two-day in-person or (three-day Live Virtual) course is
designed for satellite engineers and managers in military, government
and industry who need to increase their understanding of how
Internet Protocols (IP) can be used to efficiently transmit missioncritical converged traffic over satellites. IP has become the worldwide
standard for converged data, video, voice communications in military
and commercial applications. Satellites extend the reach of the
Internet and mission-critical Intranets. Satellites deliver multicast
content anywhere in the world. New generation, high throughput
satellites provide efficient transport for IP. With these benefits come
challenges. Satellite delay and bit errors can impact performance.
Satellite links must be integrated with terrestrial networks. IP
protocols create overheads. Encryption creates overheads. Space
segment is expensive. There are routing and security issues. This
course explains techniques that can mitigate these challenges,
including traffic engineering, quality of service, WAN optimization
devices, voice multiplexers, data compression, TDMA DAMA to
capture statistical multiplexing gains, improved satellite modulation
and coding. Quantitative techniques for understanding throughput
and response time are presented. System diagrams describe the
satellite/terrestrial interface. Detailed case histories illustrate methods
for optimizing the design of converged real-world networks to produce
responsive networks while minimizing the use and cost of satellite
resources. The course notes provide an up-to-date reference. An
extensive bibliography is supplied.

Course Outline
1. Overview of Data Networking and Internet Protocols.
Packet switching vs. circuit switching. Seven Layer Model (ISO). The
Internet Protocol (IP). Addressing, Routing, Multicasting. Impact of bit
errors and propagation delay on TCP-based applications. User
Datagram Protocol (UDP). Introduction to higher level services. NAT
and tunneling. Use of encryptors such as HAIPE and IPSec. Impact
of IP Version 6. Impact of IP overheads.
2. Quality of Service Issues in the Internet. QoS factors for
streams and files. Performance of voice over IP (VOIP). Video issues.
Response time for web object retrievals using HTTP. Methods for
improving QoS: ATM, MPLS, DiffServ, RSVP. Priority processing and
packet discard in routers. Caching and performance enhancement.
Use of WAN optimizers, header compression, caching to reduce
impact of data redundancies, and IP overheads. Performance
enhancing proxies reduce impact of satellite delay. Network
Management and Security issues including impact of encryption in IP
networks.
3. Satellite Data Networking Architectures. Geosynchronous
satellites. The link budget, modulation and coding techniques.
Methods for improving satellite link efficiency (bits per second/Hz)–
including adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and overlapped
carriers. Ground station architectures for data networking: Point to
Point, Point to Multipoint using satellite hubs. Shared outbound
carriers incorporating DVB. Return channels for shared outbound
systems: TDMA, CDMA, Aloha, DVB/RCS. Suppliers of DAMA
systems. Full mesh networks. Military, commercial standards for
DAMA systems. The JIPM IP modem and other advanced modems.
4. System Design Issues. Mission critical Intranet issues
including asymmetric routing, reliable multicast, impact of user
mobility: small antennas and pointing errors, low efficiency and data
rates, traffic handoff, hub-assist mitigations. Comm. on the move vs.
comm. on the halt. Military and commercial content delivery case
histories.
5. Predicting Performance in Mission Critical Networks.
Queuing models to help predict response time based on workload,
performance requirements and channel rates. Single server, priority
queues and multiple server queues.
6. Design Case Histories. Integrating voice and data
requirements in mission-critical networks using TDMA/DAMA. Start
with offered-demand and determine how to wring out data
redundancies. Create statistical multiplexing gains by use of TDMA
DAMA. Optimize space segment requirements using link budget
tradeoffs. Determine savings that can accrue from ACM. Investigate
hub assist in mobile networks with small antennas.
7. A View of the Future. Impact of Ka-band and spot beam
satellites. Benefits and issues associated with Onboard Processing.
LEO, MEO, GEOs. Descriptions of current and proposed commercial
and military satellite systems including MUOS, GBS and the new
generation of commercial high throughput satellites (e.g. ViaSat 1,
Jupiter). Low-cost ground station technology.


Orbital & Launch Mechanics-Fundamentals
Ideas and Insights

Each Stu
receive a dent will
receiver free GPS
with co
displays lor map
!

April 14-17, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

Summary

Award-winning rocket scientist, Thomas S. Logsdon
really enjoys teaching this short course because
everything about orbital mechanics is counterintuitive.
Fly your spacecraft into a 100-mile circular orbit. Put on
the brakes and your spacecraft speeds up! Mash down
the accelerator and it slows down! Throw a banana
peel out the window and 45 minutes later it will come
back and slap you in the face!
In this comprehensive 4-day short course, Mr.
Logsdon uses 400 clever color graphics to clarify these
and a dozen other puzzling mysteries associated with
orbital mechanics. He also provides you with a few
simple one-page derivations using real-world inputs to
illustrate all the key concepts being explored

Instructor

For more than 30 years, Thomas S. Logsdon, has
conducted broadranging studies on
orbital mechanics at McDonnell
Douglas, Boeing Aerospace, and
Rockwell International His key research
projects have included Project Apollo,
the Skylab capsule, the nuclear flight
stage and the GPS radionavigation
system.
Mr. Logsdon has taught 300 short course and
lectured in 31 different countries on six continents. He
has written 40 technical papers and journal articles and
29 technical books including Striking It Rich in Space,
Orbital Mechanics: Theory and Applications,
Understanding
the
Navstar,
and
Mobile
Communication Satellites.

What You Will Learn

• How do we launch a satellite into orbit and maneuver it into
a new location?
• How do today’s designers fashion performance-optimal
constellations of satellites swarming the sky?
• How do planetary swingby maneuvers provide such
amazing gains in performance?
• How can we design the best multi-stage rocket for a
particular mission?
• What are libration point orbits? Were they really discovered
in 1772? How do we place satellites into halo orbits circling
around these empty points in space?
• What are JPL’s superhighways in space? How were they
discovered? How are they revolutionizing the exploration of
space?

$2045

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Video!
www.aticourses.com/fundamentals_orbital_launch_mechanics.htm

Course Outline
1. The Essence of Astrodynamics. Kepler’s
amazing laws. Newton’s clever generalizations.
Launch azimuths and ground-trace geometry. Orbital
perturbations.
2. Satellite Orbits. Isaac Newton’s vis viva
equation. Orbital energy and angular momentum.
Gravity wells. The six classical Keplerian orbital
elements.
3. Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals. The rocket
equation. Building efficient liquid and solid rockets.
Performance calculations. Multi-stage rocket design.
4. Modern Booster Rockets. Russian boosters on
parade. The Soyuz rocket and its economies of scale.
Russian and American design philosophies. America’s
powerful new Falcon 9. Sleek rockets and highly
reliable cars.
5. Powered Flight Maneuvers. The Hohmann
transfer maneuver. Multi-impulse and low-thrust
maneuvers. Plane-change maneuvers. The bi-elliptic
transfer. Relative motion plots. Deorbiting spent
stages. Planetary swingby maneuvers.
6. Optimal Orbit Selection. Polar and sun
synchronous orbits. Geostationary satellites and their
on-orbit perturbations. ACE-orbit constellations.
Libration point orbits. Halo orbits. Interplanetary
spacecraft trajectories. Mars-mission opportunities.
Deep-space mission.
7. Constellation Selection Trades. Civilian and
military constellations. John Walker’s rosette
configurations. John Draim’s constellations. Repeating
ground-trace orbits. Earth coverage simulations.
8. Cruising Along JPL’s Superhighways in
Space. Equipotential surfaces and 3-dimensional
manifolds. Perfecting and executing the Genesis
mission. Capturing ancient stardust in space.
Simulating thick bundles of chaotic trajectories.
Driving along tomorrow’s unpaved freeways in the sky.


Vol. 116 – 9

SATCOM Technology & Networks
Summary
This three-day short course provides accurate
background in the fundamentals, applications and
approach for cutting-edge satellite networks for use in
military and civil government environments. The focus
is on commercial SATCOM solutions (GEO and LEO)
and government satellite systems (WGS, MUOS and
A-EHF), assuring thorough coverage of evolving
capabilities. It is appropriate for non-technical
professionals, managers and engineers new to the
field as well as experienced professionals wishing to
update and round out their understanding of current
systems and solutions.

Instructor
Bruce Elbert is a recognized SATCOM technology and
network expert and has been involved in the
satellite and telecommunications industries
for over 35 years. He consults to major
satellite organizations and government
agencies in the technical and operations
aspects of applying satellite technology. Prior
to forming his consulting firm, he was Senior
Vice President of Operations in the
international satellite division of Hughes Electronics (now
Boeing Satellite), where he introduced advanced broadband
and mobile satellite technologies. He directed the design of
several major satellite projects, including Palapa A,
Indonesia's original satellite system; the Hughes Galaxy
satellite system; and the development of the first GEO mobile
satellite system capable of serving handheld user terminals.
He has written seven books on telecommunications and IT,
including Introduction to Satellite Communication, Third
Edition (Artech House, 2008), The Satellite Communication
Applications Handbook, Second Edition (Artech House,
2004); and The Satellite Communication Ground Segment
and Earth Station Handbook (Artech House, 2001). Mr. Elbert
holds the MSEE from the University of Maryland, College
Park, the BEE from the City University of New York, and the
MBA from Pepperdine University. He is adjunct professor in
the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin Madison, covering various aspects of data communications,
and presents satellite communications short courses through
UCLA Extension. He served as a captain in the US Army
Signal Corps, including a tour with the 4th Infantry Division in
South Vietnam and as an Instructor Team Chief at the Signal
School, Ft. Gordon, GA.

What You Will Learn
• How a satellite functions to provide communications
links to typical earth stations and user terminals.
• The various technologies used to meet
requirements for bandwidth, service quality and
reliability.
• Basic characteristics of modulation, coding and
Internet Protocol processing.
• How satellite links are used to satisfy requirements
of the military for mobility and broadband network
services for warfighters.
• The characteristics of the latest US-owned
MILSATCOM systems, including WGS, MUOS, AEHF, and the approach for using commercial
satellites at L, C, X, Ku and Ka bands.
• Proper application of SATCOM to IP networks.
10 – Vol. 116

May 20-22, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline
1. Principles of Modern SATCOM Systems.
Fundamentals of satellites and their use in communications
networks of earth stations: Architecture of the space
segment - GEO and non-GEO orbits, impact on
performance and coverage. Satellite construction: program
requirements and duration; major suppliers: Boeing, EADS
Astrium, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Orbital
Sciences, Space Systems/Loral, Thales Alenia. Basic
design of the communications satellite - repeater, antennas,
spacecraft bus, processor; requirements for launch, lifetime,
and retirement from service. Network arrangements for oneway (broadcast) and two-way (star and mesh); relationship
to requirements in government and military. Satellite
operators and service providers: Intelsat, SES, Inmarsat,
Eutelsat, Telenor, et al. The uplink and downlink: Radio
wave propagation in various bands: L, C, X, Ku and Ka.
Standard and adaptive coding and modulation: DVB-S2,
Turbo Codes, Joint IP Modem. Link margin, adjacent
channel interference, error rate. Time Division and Code
Division Multiple Access on satellite links, carrier in carrier
operation.
2. Ground Segments and Networks of Yser
Terminals. System architecture: point-to-point, TDMA
VSAT, ad-hoc connectivity. Terminal design for fixed,
portable and mobile application delivery, and service
management/control. Broadband mobile solutions for
COTM and UAV. Use of satellite communications by the
military - strategic and tactical: Government programs and
MILSATCOM systems (general review): UFO and GBS,
WGS, MUOS, A-EHF. Commercial SATCOM systems and
solutions: Mobile Satellite Service (MSS): Inmarsat 4 series
and B-GAN terminals and applications; Iridium, Fixed
Satellite Service (FSS): Intelsat General and SES Americom
Government Services (AGS) - C band and Ku band; XTAR
- X band, Army and Marines use for short term and tactical
requirements - global, regional and theatre, Providers in the
marketplace: TCS, Arrowhead, Datapath, Artel, et al.
Integration of SATCOM with other networks, particularly the
Global Information Grid (GIG).
3. Internet Protocol Operation and Application. Data
Networking - Internet Protocol and IP Services. Review of
computer networking, OSI model, network layers,
networking protocols. TCP/IP protocol suite: TCP, UDP, IP,
IPv6. TCP protocol design: windowing; packet loss and
retransmissions; slow start and congestion, TCP
extensions. Operation and issues of TCP/IP over satellite:
bandwidth-delay product, acknowledgement and
retransmissions, congestion control. TCP/IP performance
enhancement over satellite links. TCP acceleration, HTTP
acceleration, CIFS acceleration, compression and caching
Survey of available standards-based and proprietary
optimization solutions: SCPS, XTP, satellite-specific
optimization products, application-specific optimization
products, solution section criteria. Quality of service (QoS)
and performance acceleration IP multicast: IP multicast
fundamentals, multicast deployment issues, solutions for
reliable multicast. User Application Considerations. Voice
over IP, voice quality, compression algorithms Web-based
applications: HTTP, streaming VPN: resolving conflicts with
TCP and HTTP acceleration Video Teleconferencing: H.320
and H.323. Network management architectures.


Satellite Communications
An Essential Introduction

Summary
This three-day (or four-day virtual ) course has been taught
to thousands of industry professionals for almost thirty years, in
public sessions and on-site to almost every major satellite
manufacturer and operator, to rave reviews. The course is
intended primarily for non-technical people who must
understand the entire field of commercial satellite
communications (including their increasing use by government
agencies), and by those who must understand and
communicate with engineers and other technical personnel. The
secondary audience is technical personnel moving into the
industry who need a quick and thorough overview of what is
going on in the industry, and who need an example of how to
communicate with less technical individuals. The course is a
primer to the concepts, jargon, buzzwords, and acronyms of the
industry, plus an overview of commercial satellite
communications hardware, operations, business and regulatory
environment. Concepts are explained at a basic level,
minimizing the use of math, and providing real-world examples.
Several calculations of important concepts such as link budgets
are presented for illustrative purposes, but the details need not
be understood in depth to gain an understanding of the
concepts illustrated. The first section provides non-technical
people with an overview of the business issues, including major
operators, regulation and legal issues, security issues and
issues and trends affecting the industry. The second section
provides the technical background in a way understandable to
non-technical audiences. The third and fourth sections cover
the space and terrestrial parts of the industry. The last section
deals with the space-to-Earth link, culminating with the
importance of the link budget and multiple-access techniques.
Attendees use a workbook of all the illustrations used in the
course, as well as a copy of the instructor's textbook, Satellite
Communications for the Non-Specialist. Plenty of time is
allotted for questions

Instructor
Dr. Mark R. Chartrand is a consultant and lecturer in satellite
telecommunications and the space sciences.
Since 1984 he has presented professional
seminars on satellite technology and space
sciences to individuals and businesses in the
United States, Canada, Latin America,
Europe, and Asia. Among the many
companies and organizations to which he has
presented this course are Intelsat, Inmarsat,
Asiasat, Boeing, Lockheed Martin,
PanAmSat, ViaSat, SES, Andrew Corporation, Alcatel Espace,
the EU telecommunications directorate, the Canadian Space
Agency, ING Bank, NSA, FBI, and DISA. Dr. Chartrand has
served as a technical and/or business consultant to NASA,
Arianespace, GTE Spacenet, Intelsat, Antares Satellite Corp.,
Moffett-Larson-Johnson, Arianespace, Delmarva Power,
Hewlett-Packard, and the International Communications
Satellite Society of Japan, among others. He has appeared as
an invited expert witness before Congressional subcommittees
and was an invited witness before the National Commission On
Space. He was the founding editor and the Editor-in-Chief of the
annual The World Satellite Systems Guide, and later the
publication Strategic Directions in Satellite Communication. He
is author of seven books, including an introductory textbook on
satellite communications, and of hundreds of articles in the
space sciences. He has been chairman of several international
satellite conferences, and a speaker at many others.

What You Will Learn

• How do commercial satellites fit into the telecommunications
industry?
• How are satellites planned, built, launched, and operated?
• How do earth stations function?
• What is a link budget and why is it important?
• What is radio frequency interference (RFI) and how does it affect
links?
• What legal and regulatory restrictions affect the industry?
• What are the issues and trends driving the industry?

February 3-6, 2014
LIVE Instructor-led Virtual (Noon - 4:30pm)

April 8-10, 2014
Laurel, Maryland (8:30am - 4:30pm)

$1845

Video!
www.aticourses.com/communications_via_satellite.htm

Course Outline
1. Satellite Services, Markets, and Regulation.
Introduction and historical background. The place of satellites
in the global telecommunications market. Major competitors
and satellites strengths and weaknesses. Satellite services
and markets. Satellite system operators. Satellite economics.
Satellite regulatory issues: role of the ITU, FCC, etc.
Spectrum issues. Licensing issues and process. Satellite
system design overview. Satellite service definitions: BSS,
FSS, MSS, RDSS, RNSS. The issue of government use of
commercial satellites. Satellite real-world issues: security,
accidental and intentional interference, regulations. State of
the industry and recent develpments. Useful sources of
information on satellite technology and the satellite industry.
2. Communications Fundamentals. Basic definitions
and measurements: channels, circuits, half-circuits, decibels.
The spectrum and its uses: properties of waves, frequency
bands, space loss, polarization, bandwidth. Analog and digital
signals. Carrying information on waves: coding, modulation,
multiplexing, networks and protocols. Satellite frequency
bands. Signal quality, quantity, and noise: measures of signal
quality; noise and interference; limits to capacity; advantages
of digital versus analog. The interplay of modulation,
bandwidth, datarate, and error correction.
3. The Space Segment. Basic functions of a satellite. The
space environment: gravity, radiation, meteoroids and space
debris. Orbits: types of orbits; geostationary orbits; nongeostationary orbits. Orbital slots, frequencies, footprints, and
coverage: slots; satellite spacing; eclipses; sun interference,
adjacent satellite interference. Launch vehicles; the launch
campaign; launch bases. Satellite systems and construction:
structure and busses; antennas; power; thermal control;
stationkeeping and orientation; telemetry and command.
What transponders are and what they do. Advantages and
disadvantages of hosted payloads. Satellite operations:
housekeeping and communications. High-throughput and
processing satellites. Satellite security issues.
4. The Ground Segment. Earth stations: types, hardware,
mountings, and pointing. Antenna properties: gain;
directionality; sidelobes and legal limits on sidelobe gain.
Space loss, electronics, EIRP, and G/T: LNA-B-C’s; signal
flow through an earth station. The growing problem of
accidental and intentional interference.
5. The Satellite Earth Link. Atmospheric effects on
signals: rain effects and rain climate models; rain fade
margins. The most important calculation: link budgets, C/N
and Eb/No. Link budget examples. Improving link budgets.
Sharing satellites: multiple access techniques: SDMA, FDMA,
TDMA, PCMA, CDMA; demand assignment; on-board
multiplexing. Signal security issues. Conclusion: industry
issues, trends, and the future.


Vol. 116 – 11

Satellite Communications Design & Engineering
A comprehensive, quantitative tutorial designed for satellite professionals

Newl
Updatey
d!

Course Outline

March 4-6, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1890

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Video!
www.aticourses.com/satellite_communications_systems.htm

Summary
This three-day (or four-day virtual) course is
designed for satellite communications engineers,
spacecraft engineers, and managers who want to
obtain an understanding of the "big picture" of satellite
communications. Each topic is illustrated by detailed
worked numerical examples, using published data for
actual satellite communications systems. The course is
technically oriented and includes mathematical
derivations of the fundamental equations. It will enable
the participants to perform their own satellite link
budget calculations. The course will especially appeal
to those whose objective is to develop quantitative
computational skills in addition to obtaining a
qualitative familiarity with the basic concepts.

Instructor
Chris DeBoy- leads the RF Engineering Group in the
Space Department at the Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, and is a member of APL’s
Principal Professional Staff. He has
over 20 years of experience in satellite
communications,
from
systems
engineering (he is the lead RF
communications engineer for the New Horizons
Mission to Pluto) to flight hardware design for both lowEarth orbit and deep-space missions. He holds a
BSEE from Virginia Tech, a Master’s degree in
Electrical Engineering from Johns Hopkins, and
teaches the satellite communications course for the
Johns Hopkins University

What You Will Learn
• A comprehensive understanding of satellite
communication.
• An understanding of basic vocabulary.
• A quantitative knowledge of basic relationships.
• Ability to perform and verify link budget calculations.
• Ability to interact meaningfully with colleagues and
independently evaluate system designs.
• A background to read the literature.
12 – Vol. 116

1. Mission Analysis. Kepler’s laws. Circular and
elliptical satellite orbits. Altitude regimes. Period of
revolution. Geostationary Orbit. Orbital elements. Ground
trace.
2. Earth-Satellite Geometry. Azimuth and elevation.
Slant range. Coverage area.
3. Signals and Spectra. Properties of a sinusoidal
wave. Synthesis and analysis of an arbitrary waveform.
Fourier Principle. Harmonics. Fourier series and Fourier
transform. Frequency spectrum.
4. Methods of Modulation. Overview of modulation.
Carrier. Sidebands. Analog and digital modulation. Need for
RF frequencies.
5. Analog Modulation. Amplitude Modulation (AM).
Frequency Modulation (FM).
6. Digital Modulation. Analog to digital conversion.
BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK FSK, QAM. Coherent detection and
carrier recovery. NRZ and RZ pulse shapes. Power spectral
density. ISI. Nyquist pulse shaping. Raised cosine filtering.
7. Bit Error Rate. Performance objectives. Eb/No.
Relationship between BER and Eb/No. Constellation
diagrams. Why do BPSK and QPSK require the same
power?
8. Coding. Shannon’s theorem. Code rate. Coding gain.
Methods of FEC coding. Hamming, BCH, and ReedSolomon block codes. Convolutional codes. Viterbi and
sequential decoding. Hard and soft decisions.
Concatenated coding. Turbo coding. Trellis coding.
9. Bandwidth. Equivalent (noise) bandwidth. Occupied
bandwidth. Allocated bandwidth. Relationship between
bandwidth and data rate. Dependence of bandwidth on
methods of modulation and coding. Tradeoff between
bandwidth and power. Emerging trends for bandwidth
efficient modulation.
10. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Frequency bands
used for satellite communication. ITU regulations. Fixed
Satellite Service. Direct Broadcast Service. Digital Audio
Radio Service. Mobile Satellite Service.
11. Earth Stations. Facility layout. RF components.
Network Operations Center. Data displays.
12. Antennas. Antenna patterns. Gain. Half power
beamwidth. Efficiency. Sidelobes.
13. System Temperature. Antenna temperature. LNA.
Noise figure. Total system noise temperature.
14. Satellite Transponders. Satellite communications
payload architecture. Frequency plan. Transponder gain.
TWTA and SSPA. Amplifier characteristics. Nonlinearity.
Intermodulation products. SFD. Backoff.
15. Multiple Access Techniques. Frequency division
multiple access (FDMA). Time division multiple access
(TDMA). Code division multiple access (CDMA) or spread
spectrum. Capacity estimates.
16. Polarization. Linear and circular polarization.
Misalignment angle.
17. Rain Loss. Rain attenuation. Crane rain model.
Effect on G/T.
18. The RF Link. Decibel (dB) notation. Equivalent
isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Figure of Merit (G/T). Free
space loss. Power flux density. Carrier to noise ratio. The
RF link equation.
19. Link Budgets. Communications link calculations.
Uplink, downlink, and composite performance. Link
budgets for single carrier and multiple carrier operation.
Detailed worked examples.
20. Performance Measurements. Satellite modem.
Use of a spectrum analyzer to measure bandwidth, C/N,
and Eb/No. Comparison of actual measurements with
theory using a mobile antenna and a geostationary satellite.


Satellite Communications Systems-Advanced
Survey of Current and Emerging Digital Systems

January 21-23, 2014
Summary
This three-day course covers all the technology
of advanced satellite communications as well as the
principles behind current state-of-the-art satellite
communications equipment. New and promising
technologies will be covered to develop an
understanding of the major approaches. Network
topologies, VSAT, and IP networking over satellite.
Material will be complemented with a continuously
evolving example of the application of systems
engineering practice to a specific satellite
communications system. The example will address
issues from the highest system architecture down to
component details, budgets, writing specifications,
etc.

Instructor
Dr. John Roach is a leading authority in satellite
communications with 35+ years in the SATCOM
industry. He has worked on many development
projects both as employee and consultant /
contractor. His experience has focused on the
systems engineering of state-of-the-art system
developments, military and commercial, from the
worldwide architectural level to detailed terminal
tradeoffs and designs. He has been an adjunct
faculty member at Florida Institute of Technology
where he taught a range of graduate communications courses. He has also taught SATCOM
short courses all over the US and in London and
Toronto, both publicly and in-house for both
government and commercial organizations. In
addition, he has been an expert witness in patent,
trade secret, and government contracting cases. Dr.
Roach has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from
Georgia Tech. Advanced Satellite Communications
Systems: Survey of Current and Emerging Digital
Systems.

What You Will Learn
• Major Characteristics of satellites.
• Characteristics of satellite networks.
• The tradeoffs between major alternatives in
SATCOM system design.
• SATCOM system tradeoffs and link budget
analysis.
• DAMA/BoD for FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA
systems.
• Critical RF parameters in terminal equipment and
their effects on performance.
• Technical details of digital receivers.
• Tradeoffs among different FEC coding choices.
• Use of spread spectrum for Comm-on-the-Move.
• Characteristics of IP traffic over satellite.
• Overview of bandwidth efficient modulation types.

Cocoa Beach, Florida

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Introduction to SATCOM. History and overview.
Examples of current military and commercial systems.
2. Satellite orbits and transponder characteristics.
3. Traffic Connectivities: Mesh, Hub-Spoke,
Point-to-Point, Broadcast.
4. Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA,
CDMA, Random Access. DAMA and Bandwidth-onDemand.
5. Communications Link Calculations. Definition
of EIRP, G/T, Eb/No. Noise Temperature and Figure.
Transponder gain and SFD. Link Budget Calculations.
6. Digital Modulation Techniques. BPSK, QPSK.
Standard pulse formats and bandwidth. Nyquist signal
shaping. Ideal BER performance.
7. PSK Receiver Design Techniques. Carrier
recovery, phase slips, ambiguity resolution, differential
coding. Optimum data detection, clock recovery, bit
count integrity.
8. Overview of Error Correction Coding,
Encryption, and Frame Synchronization. Standard
FEC types. Coding Gain.
9. RF Components. HPA, SSPA, LNA, Up/down
converters. Intermodulation, band limiting, oscillator
phase noise. Examples of BER Degradation.
10. TDMA Networks. Time Slots. Preambles.
Suitability for DAMA and BoD.
11. Characteristics of IP and TCP/UDP over
satellite. Unicast and Multicast. Need for Performance
Enhancing Proxy (PEP) techniques.
12. VSAT Networks and their system
characteristics; DVB standards and MF-TDMA.
13. Earth Station Antenna types. Pointing /
Tracking. Small antennas at Ku band. FCC - Intelsat ITU antenna requirements and EIRP density
limitations.
14. Spread Spectrum Techniques. Military use
and commercial PSD spreading with DS PN systems.
Acquisition and tracking. Frequency Hop systems.
15. Overview of Bandwidth Efficient Modulation
(BEM) Techniques. M-ary PSK, Trellis Coded 8PSK,
QAM.
16. Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding.
Concatenated coding. Turbo & LDPC coding.
17. Emerging Technology Developments and
Future Trends.


Vol. 116 – 13


NEW!

February 25-27, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

April 28-May 1, 2014
Cleveland, Ohio

$1740

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
This three-day course will provideThis course will provide
an introduction and overview of laser communication
principles and technologies for unguided, free-space beam
propagation. Special emphasis is placed on highlighting the
differences, as well as similarities to RF communications and
other laser systems, and design issues and options relevant
to future laser communication terminals.

Instructor
Hamid Hemmati, Ph.D. , is with the Jet propulsion laboratory
(JPL), California Institute of Technology
where he is a Principal member of staff and
the Supervisor of the Optical
Communications Group. Prior to joining JPL
in 1986, he worked at NASA’s Goddard
Space Flight Center and at the NIST
(Boulder, CO) as a researcher. Dr. Hemmati
has published over 40 journal and over 100 conference
papers, holds seven patents, received 3 NASA Space Act
Board Awards, and 36 NASA certificates of appreciation. He
is a Fellow of SPIE and teaches optical communications
courses at CSULA and the UCLA Extension. He is the editor
and author of two books: “Deep Space Optical
Communications” and “near-Earth Laser Communications”.
Dr. Hemmati’s current research interests are in developing
laser-communications technologies and systems for
planetary and satellite communications, including: systems
engineering for electro-optical systems, solid-state laser,
particularly pulsed fiber lasers, flight qualification of optical
and electro-optical systems and components; low-cost multimeter diameter optical ground receiver telescope; active and
adaptive optics; and laser beam acquisition, tracking and
pointing.

What You Will Learn
• This course will provide you the knowledge and ability
to perform basic satellite laser communication analysis,
identify tradeoffs, interact meaningfully with colleagues,
evaluate systems, and understand the literature.
• How is a laser-communication system superior to
conventional technology?
• How link performance is analyzed.
• What are the options for acquisition, tracking and beam
pointing?
• What are the options for laser transmitters, receivers
and optical systems.
• What are the atmospheric effects on the beam and how
to counter them.
• What are the typical characteristics of lasercommunication system hardware?
• How to calculate mass, power and cost of flight
systems.
14 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Brief historical background,
RF/Optical comparison; basic Block diagrams; and
applications overview.
2. Link Analysis. Parameters influencing the link;
frequency dependence of noise; link performance
comparison to RF; and beam profiles.
3. Laser Transmitter. Laser sources; semiconductor
lasers; fiber amplifiers; amplitude modulation; phase
modulation; noise figure; nonlinear effects; and coherent
transmitters.
4. Modulation & Error Correction Encoding. PPM;
OOK and binary codes; and forward error correction.
5. Acquisition,
Tracking
and
Pointing.
Requirements; acquisition scenarios; acquisition; pointahead angles, pointing error budget; host platform vibration
environment; inertial stabilization: trackers; passive/active
isolation; gimbaled transceiver; and fast steering mirrors.
6. Opto-Mechanical Assembly. Transmit telescope;
receive telescope; shared transmit/receive telescope;
thermo-Optical-Mechanical stability.
7. Atmospheric Effects. Attenuation, beam wander;
turbulence/scintillation; signal fades; beam spread; turbid;
and mitigation techniques.
8. Detectors and Detections. Discussion of available
photo-detectors noise figure; amplification; background
radiation/ filtering; and mitigation techniques. Poisson
photon counting; channel capacity; modulation schemes;
detection statistics; and SNR / Bit error probability.
Advantages / complexities of coherent detection; optical
mixing; SNR, heterodyne and homodyne; laser linewidth.
9. Crosslinks and Networking. LEO-GEO & GEOGEO; orbital clusters; and future/advanced.
10. Flight Qualification. Radiation environment;
environmental testing; and test procedure.
11. Eye Safety. Regulations; classifications; wavelength
dependence, and CDRH notices.
12. Cost Estimation. Methodology, models; and
examples.
13. Terrestrial Optical Comm. Communications
systems developed for terrestrial links.

Who should attend
Engineers, scientists, managers, or professionals who
desire greater technical depth, or RF communication
engineers who need to assess this competing technology.


Space Environment – Implications for Spacecraft Design
Summary
Adverse interactions between the space environment
and an orbiting spacecraft may lead to a degradation of
spacecraft subsystem performance and possibly even
loss of the spacecraft itself. This two-day course presents
an introduction to the space environment and its effect on
spacecraft. Emphasis is placed on problem solving
techniques and design guidelines that will provide the
student with an understanding of how space environment
effects may be minimized through proactive spacecraft
design.
Each student will receive a copy of the course text, a
complete set of course notes, including copies of all
viewgraphs used in the presentation, and a
comprehensive bibliography.

January 27-28, 2014

Instructor

Columbia, Maryland

Dr. Alan C. Tribble has provided space environments effects
analysis to more than one dozen NASA,
DoD, and commercial programs, including
the International Space Station, the Global
Positioning System (GPS) satellites, and
several surveillance spacecraft. He holds a
Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Iowa
and has been twice a Principal Investigator
for the NASA Space Environments and
Effects Program. He is the author of four books, including the
course text: The Space Environment - Implications for Space
Design, and over 20 additional technical publications. He is an
Associate Fellow of the AIAA, a Senior Member of the IEEE,
and was previously an Associate Editor of the Journal of
Spacecraft and Rockets. Dr. Tribble recently won the 2008
AIAA James A. Van Allen Space Environments Award. He has
taught a variety of classes at the University of Southern
California, California State University Long Beach, the
University of Iowa, and has been teaching courses on space
environments and effects since 1992.

April 15-16, 2014

Review of the Course Text:
“There is, to my knowledge, no other book that provides its
intended readership with an comprehensive and authoritative,
yet compact and accessible, coverage of the subject of
spacecraft environmental engineering.” – James A. Van Allen,
Regent Distinguished Professor, University of Iowa.

Who Should Attend:
Engineers who need to know how to design systems with
adequate performance margins, program managers who
oversee spacecraft survivability tasks, and scientists who
need to understand how environmental interactions can affect
instrument performance.

“I got exactly what I wanted from this
course – an overview of the spacecraft environment. The charts outlining the interactions and synergism were excellent. The
list of references is extensive and will be
consulted often.”
“Broad experience over many design
teams allowed for excellent examples of
applications of this information.”

Columbia, Maryland

$1245

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Introduction. Spacecraft Subsystem Design,
Orbital Mechanics, The Solar-Planetary Relationship,
Space Weather.
2. The Vacuum Environment. Basic Description –
Pressure vs. Altitude, Solar UV Radiation.
3. Vacuum Environment Effects. Pressure
Differentials, Solar UV Degradation, Molecular
Contamination, Particulate Contamination.
4. The Neutral Environment. Basic Atmospheric
Physics, Elementary Kinetic Theory, Hydrostatic
Equilibrium, Neutral Atmospheric Models.
5. Neutral Environment Effects. Aerodynamic Drag,
Sputtering, Atomic Oxygen Attack, Spacecraft Glow.
6. The Plasma Environment. Basic Plasma Physics Single Particle Motion, Debye Shielding, Plasma
Oscillations.
7. Plasma Environment Effects. Spacecraft
Charging, Arc Discharging, Effects on Instrumentation.
8. The Radiation Environment. Basic Radiation
Physics, Stopping Charged Particles, Stopping Energetic
Photons, Stopping Neutrons.
9. Radiation in Space. Trapped Radiation Belts, Solar
Proton Events, Galactic Cosmic Rays, Hostile
Environments.
10. Radiation Environment Effects. Total Dose
Effects - Solar Cell Degradation, Electronics Degradation;
Single Event Effects - Upset, Latchup, Burnout; Dose Rate
Effects.
11. The Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris
Environment.
Hypervelocity
Impact
Physics,
Micrometeoroids, Orbital Debris.
12. Additional Topics. Effects on Humans; Models
and Tools; Available Internet Resources.


Vol. 116 – 15

Spacecraft Reliability, Quality Assurance, Integration & Testing
March 13-14, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1140

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline

Summary
Quality assurance, reliability, and testing are critical
elements in low-cost space missions. The selection of
lower cost parts and the most effective use of
redundancy require careful tradeoff analysis when
designing new space missions. Designing for low cost
and allowing prudent risk are new ways of doing
business in today's cost-conscious environment. This
course uses case studies and examples from recent
space missions to pinpoint the key issues and tradeoffs
in design, reviews, quality assurance, and testing of
spacecraft. Lessons learned from past successes and
failures are discussed and trends for future missions
are highlighted.

Instructor
Eric Hoffman has 40 years of space experience,
including 19 years as the Chief
Engineer of the Johns Hopkins Applied
Physics Laboratory Space Department,
which has designed and built 66
spacecraft and more than 200
instruments. His experience includes
systems engineering, design integrity,
performance assurance, and test standards. He has
led many of APL's system and spacecraft conceptual
designs and coauthored APL's quality assurance
plans. He is an Associate Fellow of the AIAA and
coauthor of Fundamentals of Space Systems.

What You Will Learn

• Why reliable design is so important and techniques for
achieving it.
• Dealing with today's issues of parts availability,
radiation hardness, software reliability, process control,
and human error.
• Best practices for design reviews and configuration
management.
• Modern, efficient integration and test practices.

1. Spacecraft Systems Reliability and
Assessment. Quality, reliability, and confidence levels.
Reliability block diagrams and proper use of reliability
predictions. Redundancy pro's and con's.
Environmental stresses and derating.
2. Quality Assurance and Component Selection.
Screening and qualification testing. Accelerated
testing. Using plastic parts (PEMs) reliably.
3. Radiation and Survivability. The space
radiation environment. Total dose. Stopping power.
MOS response. Annealing and super-recovery.
Displacement damage.
4. Single Event Effects. Transient upset, latch-up,
and burn-out. Critical charge. Testing for single event
effects. Upset rates. Shielding and other mitigation
techniques.
5. ISO 9000. Process control through ISO 9001 and
AS9100.
6. Software Quality Assurance and Testing. The
magnitude of the software QA problem. Characteristics
of good software process. Software testing and when
is it finished?
7. Design Reviews and Configuration Management.
Best practices for space hardware and software
renumber accordingly.
8. Integrating I&T into electrical, thermal, and
mechanical designs. Coupling I&T to mission
operations.
9. Ground Support Systems. Electrical and
mechanical ground support equipment (GSE). I&T
facilities. Clean rooms. Environmental test facilities.
10. Test Planning and Test Flow. Which tests are
worthwhile? Which ones aren't? What is the right order
to perform tests? Test Plans and other important
documents.
11. Spacecraft Level Testing. Ground station
compatibility testing and other special tests.
12. Launch Site Operations. Launch vehicle
operations. Safety. Dress rehearsals. The Launch
Readiness Review.
13. Human Error. What we can learn from the
airline industry.
14. Case Studies. NEAR, Ariane 5, Mid-course
Space Experiment (MSX).

Recent attendee comments ...
“Instructor demonstrated excellent knowledge of topics.”
“Material was presented clearly and thoroughly. An incredible depth of expertise for
our questions.”
16 – Vol. 116


January 20-23, 2014
Albuquerque, New Mexico

$1940
Summary
This four-day course provides an overview of the
fundamentals of concepts and technologies of modern
spacecraft systems design. Satellite system and
mission design is an essentially interdisciplinary sport
that combines engineering, science, and external
phenomena. We will concentrate on scientific and
engineering foundations of spacecraft systems and
interactions among various subsystems. Examples
show how to quantitatively estimate various mission
elements (such as velocity increments) and conditions
(equilibrium temperature) and how to size major
spacecraft subsystems (propellant, antennas,
transmitters, solar arrays, batteries). Real examples
are used to permit an understanding of the systems
selection and trade-off issues in the design process.
The fundamentals of subsystem technologies provide
an indispensable basis for system engineering. The
basic nomenclature, vocabulary, and concepts will
make it possible to converse with understanding with
subsystem specialists.
The course is designed for engineers and managers
who are involved in planning, designing, building,
launching, and operating space systems and
spacecraft subsystems and components. The
extensive set of course notes provide a concise
reference for understanding, designing, and operating
modern spacecraft. The course will appeal to
engineers and managers of diverse background and
varying levels of experience.

Instructor
Dr. Mike Gruntman is Professor of Astronautics at
the University of Southern California.
He is a specialist in astronautics, space
technology, sensors, and space
physics. Gruntman participates in
several theoretical and experimental
programs in space science and space
technology, including space missions.
He authored and co-authored more 200 publications in
various areas of astronautics, space physics, and
instrumentation.

What You Will Learn
• Common space mission and spacecraft bus
configurations, requirements, and constraints.
• Common orbits.
• Fundamentals of spacecraft subsystems and their
interactions.
• How to calculate velocity increments for typical
orbital maneuvers.
• How to calculate required amount of propellant.
• How to design communications link.
• How to size solar arrays and batteries.
• How to determine spacecraft temperature.

(9:00am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline
1. Space Missions And Applications. Science,
exploration, commercial, national security. Customers.
2. Space Environment And Spacecraft
Interaction. Universe, galaxy, solar system.
Coordinate systems. Time. Solar cycle. Plasma.
Geomagnetic field. Atmosphere, ionosphere,
magnetosphere. Atmospheric drag. Atomic oxygen.
Radiation belts and shielding.
3. Orbital Mechanics And Mission Design.
Motion in gravitational field. Elliptic orbit. Classical orbit
elements. Two-line element format. Hohmann transfer.
Delta-V requirements. Launch sites. Launch to
geostationary orbit. Orbit perturbations. Key orbits:
geostationary, sun-synchronous, Molniya.
4. Space Mission Geometry. Satellite horizon,
ground track, swath. Repeating orbits.
5. Spacecraft And Mission Design Overview.
Mission design basics. Life cycle of the mission.
Reviews. Requirements. Technology readiness levels.
Systems engineering.
6. Mission Support. Ground stations. Deep
Space Network (DSN). STDN. SGLS. Space Laser
Ranging (SLR). TDRSS.
7. Attitude Determination And Control.
Spacecraft
attitude.
Angular
momentum.
Environmental disturbance torques. Attitude sensors.
Attitude control techniques (configurations). Spin axis
precession. Reaction wheel analysis.
8. Spacecraft
Propulsion.
Propulsion
requirements. Fundamentals of propulsion: thrust,
specific impulse, total impulse. Rocket dynamics:
rocket equation. Staging. Nozzles. Liquid propulsion
systems. Solid propulsion systems. Thrust vector
control. Electric propulsion.
9. Launch Systems. Launch issues. Atlas and
Delta launch families. Acoustic environment. Launch
system example: Delta II.
10. Space Communications. Communications
basics. Electromagnetic waves. Decibel language.
Antennas. Antenna gain. TWTA and SSA. Noise. Bit
rate. Communication link design. Modulation
techniques. Bit error rate.
11. Spacecraft Power Systems. Spacecraft power
system elements. Orbital effects. Photovoltaic systems
(solar cells and arrays). Radioisotope thermal
generators (RTG). Batteries. Sizing power systems.
12. Thermal Control. Environmental loads.
Blackbody concept. Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann
laws. Passive thermal control. Coatings. Active thermal
control. Heat pipes.


Vol. 116 – 17


April 8-9, 2014

Course Outline

Columbia, Maryland

1. Introduction to Space Power Systems
Design. Power System overview with focus on the
origin of design-driving requirements, technical
disciplines, and sub-system interactions.
2. Environmental Effects. Definition of the
environmental considerations in the design of power
systems including radiation, temperature, UV
exposure, and insolation.
3. Orbital Considerations. Basic orbit
geometries and calculations for common orbits.
Consideration of illumination profiles including effects
of spacecraft geometries.
4. Power Sources. Solar cell technologies and
basic physics of operation including electrical
characteristics and environmental susceptibility. Solar
panel design, fabrication, and test considerations.
5. Energy Storage. Battery technologies, and
flight-readiness of each. Battery selection and sizing
characteristics.
Battery
voltage
profiles,
charge/discharge characteristics, and charging
methods. Special battery handling considerations.
Alternative storage technologies include fuel cell
technologies, and fly-wheels.
6. Power System Architectures. System
architecture and regulation options including direct
energy transfer, peak-power tracking, and hybrid
architectures. System level interactions and tradeoffs.
7. Design Example. Sample power system
concept design of a LEO mission including selection
and sizing of batteries, solar arrays. Focus on real-life
trade-offs impacting cost, schedule, and other
spacecraft activities and designs.

$1140

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
This two-day course covers the requirements-driven
design principles of the spacecraft power subsystem
and its major components. Power source section
evaluates available and future technologies in power
generation, with a focus on photovoltaic technologies.
Energy storage section evaluates available and future
storage technologies with a focus on battery
technologies. Course cites multiple real-life examples
to illustrate the relevancy of the presented material.

Instructor
Robert Detwiler has over 40 years of experience in
all aspects of Aerospace Power Systems design and
development. As a member of the technical staff at the
California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL) he served in a wide range of space
power systems positions. While at JPL he was a key
contributor to a number of successful power system
efforts including Voyager, Galileo, Mars Global
Surveyor, Cassini and the Mars Exploration Rovers.
His experience base includes power system hardware
development, power technology development, and
management responsibilities for JPL, NASA and nonNASA programs. He is retired from California Institute
of Technology, JPL. Mr. Detwiler has recently
performed consulting efforts on space power systems
for a number of classified space vehicles at the
Northrop Grumman Corporation in Redondo Beach,
CA.
18 – Vol. 116


Columbia, Maryland

$1140

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This is a fast paced two-day course for system
engineers and managers with an interest in improving
their understanding of spacecraft thermal design. All
phases of thermal design analysis are covered in
enough depth to give a deeper understanding of the
design process and of the materials used in thermal
design. Program managers and systems engineers will
also benefit from the bigger picture information and
tradeoff issues.
The goal is to have the student come away from this
course with an understanding of how analysis, design,
thermal devices, thermal testing and the interactions of
thermal design with the overall system design fit into
the overall picture of satellite design. Case studies and
lessons learned illustrate the importance of thermal
design and the current state of the art.

Instructor
Douglas Mehoke is the Assistant Group Supervisor
and Technology Manager for the Mechanical System
Group in the Space Department at The Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory. He has worked
in the field of spacecraft and instrument thermal design
for 30 years, and has a wide background in the fields
of heat transfer and fluid mechanics. He has been the
lead thermal engineer on a variety spacecraft and
scientific instruments, including MSX, CONTOUR, and
New Horizons. He is presently the Technical Lead for
the development of the Solar Probe Plus Thermal
Protection System.

What You Will Learn

• How requirements are defined.
• Why thermal design cannot be purchased off the
shelf.
• How to test thermal systems.
• Basic conduction and radiation analysis.
• Overall thermal analysis methods.
• Computer calculations for thermal design.
• How to choose thermal control surfaces.
• When to use active devices.
• How the thermal system interacts with other
systems.
• How to apply thermal devices.

Course Outline
1. The Role of Thermal Control. Requirements,
Constraints, Regimes of thermal control.
2. The basics of Thermal Analysis, conduction,
radiation, Energy balance, Numerical analysis, The
solar spectrum.
3. Overall Thermal Analysis. Orbital mechanics
for thermal engineers, Basic orbital energy balance.
4. Model Building. How to choose the nodal
structure, how to calculate the conductors capacitors
and Radfacs, Use of the computer.
5. System Interactions. Power, Attitude and
Thermal system interactions, other system
considerations.
6. Thermal Control Surfaces. Availability, Factors
in choosing, Stability, Environmental factors.
7. Thermal control Devices. Heatpipes, MLI,
Louvers, Heaters, Phase change devices, Radiators,
Cryogenic devices.
8. Thermal Design Procedure. Basic design
procedure, Choosing radiator locations, When to use
heat pipes, When to use louvers, Where to use MLI,
When to use Phase change, When to use heaters.
9. Thermal Testing. Thermal requirements, basic
analysis techniques, the thermal design process,
thermal control materials and devices, and thermal
vacuum testing.
10. Case Studies. The key topics and tradeoffs are
illustrated by case studies for actual spacecraft and
satellite thermal designs. Systems engineering
implications.


Vol. 116 – 19

Agile Boot Camp:

An Immersive Introduction

Agile Testing

There are many dates and locations as these are popular courses: See all at:

http://www.aticourses.com/schedule.htm#project

$1795

(8:30am - 4:30pm)

00

Summary

While not a silver bullet, Agile Methodologies are quickly
becoming the most practical way to create outstanding
software. Scrum, Extreme Programming, Lean, Dynamic
Systems Development Method, Feature Driven Development
and other methods each have their strengths. While there are
significant similarities that have brought them together under
the Agile umbrella, each method brings unique strengths that
can be utilized for your team success.
This 3-day classroom is set up in pods/teams. Each team
looks like a real-world development unit in Agile with Project
Manager/Scrum Master, Business Analyst, Tester and
Development. The teams will work through the Agile process
including Iteration planning, Product road mapping and
backlogging, estimating, user story development iteration
execution, and retrospectives by working off of real work
scenarios. Specifically, you will:
• Practice how to be and develop a self-organized team.
• Create and communicate a Product Vision.
• Understand your customer and develop customer roles and
personas.
• Initiate the requirements process by developing user stories
and your product backlog.
• Put together product themes from your user stories and
establish a desired product roadmap.
• Conduct story point estimating to determine effort needed for
user stories to ultimately determine iteration(s) length.
• Take into consideration assumed team velocity with story
point estimates and user story priorities to come up with you
release plan.
• Engage the planning and execution of your iteration(s).
• Conduct retrospectives after each iteration.
• Run a course retrospective to enable an individual plan of
execution on how to conduct Agile in your environment.

What You Will Learn

Because this is an immersion course and the intent is to
engage in the practices every Agile team will employ, this
course is recommended for all team members responsible for
delivering outstanding software. That includes, but is not
limited to, the following roles:
• Business Analyst
• Analyst
• Project Manager
• Software Engineer/Programmer
• Development Manager
• Product Manager
• Product Analyst
• Tester
• QA Engineer
• Documentation Specialist
The Agile Boot Camp is a perfect place for cross functional
"teams" to become familiar with Agile methods and learn the
basics together. It's also a wonderful springboard for team
building & learning. Bring your project detail to work on in
class.

20 – Vol. 116

$1395

(8:30am - 5:00pm)


Summary

By using a step-by-step approach this 2-day program will
introduce you to high speed methods and technologies that can
be relied upon to deliver speed and optimum flexibility. Learning
the goals of Agile will help you transition, implement and monitor
testing in the High Speed Agile Testing environment so that you
can immediately step from the classroom into the office with new
found confidence.

What You Will Learn

• Understand the key differences between traditional and Agile
testing practices.
• Learn about the different quadrants of Agile testing and how they
are used to support the team and critique the product.
• Get exposed to the different levels of test automation and
understand what the right mix is to accelerate testing.
• Operate in a time constrained development cycle without losing
testable value.
• Capitalize on test development through use & reuse
management.
• Integrate team testing into Agile projects.
• Engage stakeholders in quality trade-off decision-making.
• Coach story card contributors in test case construction.
• Gain exposure to automation support opportunities.

Course Outline
1. Agile Testing. We will discuss the testing and it's role in software
quality.
2. Testing Practices. The benefits that various types of testing
provide to the team will be reviewed. Additional discussion will focus on
the how and what to automate to shorten feedback cycles.
3. Quality Practices. Understanding that getting feedback is as
important as testing. We will discuss techniques that provide feedback
on the quality of software and the effectiveness of the process.
4. Unit Testing & Test Driven Development (TDD). We will
introduce Unit Testing and Test Driven Development. The benefits and
process of TDD and how it can lead to better overall design and
simplicity and engage the Developer in the test processing will be
discussed.
5. Continuous Integration. The concept of Continuous Integration
and the CI Attitude will be discussed. Continuous Integration provides an
essential role in maintaining a continuous process for providing
feedback to the team.
6. Acceptance Testing. The discipline of Acceptance Testing can
lead to better collaboration with both the customer and the team.
Automating Acceptance Tests can provide an invaluable tool to support
the creation higher quality software and continue to support the team
from story to story and sprint to sprint.
7. Functional Testing Web Applications & Web Services. As we
develop a functioning application we can perform higher-level and
coarser grained functional tests. Functional testing software, web
applications and web services will be explored.
8. Hands-on Critiquing the Product. Everything can't be
automated, nor should it. We will discuss manual technique that will help
us critique the product and provide valuable feedback. We will discuss
when and how these testing techniques should be used effectively.
9. Using Tools to Test. Complexity and Critique the Product Tools
can be used to testing complex, critical attributes of the software. We will
discuss when and tools should be used to test the complex, critical
qualities of software.
10. High-Speed Testing Techniques. We'll introduce some
techniques that can speed the testing process and provide faster
feedback to the team and customer.
11. Iterating to Testing Agility. How do we ever get there? We will
discuss pragmatic techniques to iterate your team and organization to
Testing Agility. We will discuss and craft a roadmap for your team and
organization based off the practices and techniques discussed.


Agile in the
Government Environment

Agile Project Management
Certification Workshop (PMI-ACP)

There are many dates and locations as these are popular courses: See all at:

http://www.aticourses.com/schedule.htm#project

$1395

(Live 8:00am - 6:00pm)
(Virtual, noon – 6:00 pm)


Summary

A common misconception is that Agility means lack of
order or discipline, but that’s incorrect. It requires strong
discipline. You must have a solid foundation of practices and
procedures in order to successfully adapt Agile in the
Government Environment , and you must also learn to follow
those practices correctly while tying them to pre-defined, rigid
quality goals.
This two-days public (three-days online) workshop gives
you the foundation of knowledge and experience you need in
order to be successful on your next federal project. Define
principles and highlight advantages and disadvantages of
Agile development and how to map them to federal guidelines
for IT procurement, development and delivery. Get firsthand
experience organizing and participating in an Agile team. Put
the concepts you learn to practice instantly in the classroom
project. Understand and learn how to take advantage of the
opportunities for Agile, while applying them within current
government project process requirements. Specifically, you
will:
• Consistently deliver better products that will enable your
customer’s success.
• Reduce the risk of project failure, missed deadlines, scope
overrun or exceeded budgets.
• Establish, develop, empower, nurture and protect highperforming teams.
• Identify and eliminate waste from processes.
• Map government project language to Agile language simply
and effectively.
• Foster collaboration, even with teams that are distributed
geographically and organizationally.
• Clearly understand how EVM and Agile can be integrated.
• Understand the structure of Agile processes that breed
success in the federal environment.
• Embrace ever-changing requirements.

Course Outline
1. Self-organized teams, even in a highly matrixed agency
or organization.
2. Simulate a project introduction, create a vision and set
of light requirements.
3. How to plan your product’s release within the mandated
6 month timeframe.
4. How to communicate project status utilizing both Agile
and EVM indicators for progress.
5. How to satisfy the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) requirements (Circular A-11) while applying an Agile
execution approach.
6. Understanding customers and how to collaborate with
them to create User Stories.
7. Relative estimating – focus on becoming more accurate
rather than precise.
8. Defining the distinction between capabilities and
requirements and when to document each.
9. Identify Agile best practices as they relate to challenges
within the federal environment.

$1795

(Live 8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary

Prepare for your Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP) certification
while learning to lead Agile software projects that adapt to change,
drive innovation and deliver on-time business value in this 3-day live or
4-day VirtualAgile PM training course Agile has made its way into the
mainstream — it's no longer a grassroots movement to change
software development. Today, more organizations and companies are
adopting this approach over a more traditional waterfall methodology,
and more are working every day to make the transition. To stay
relevant in the competitive, changing world of project management, it's
increasingly important that project management professionals can
demonstrate true leadership ability on today's software projects. The
Project Management Institute's Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)
certification clearly illustrates to colleagues, organizations or even
potential employers that you're ready and able to lead in this new age
of product development, management and delivery. This class not only
prepares you to lead your next Agile project effort, but ensures that
you're prepared to pass the PMI-ACP certification exam. Acquiring this
certification now will make you one of the first software professionals
to achieve this valuable industry designation from PMI.

Course Outline
1. Understanding Agile Project Management. Agile Project
Management methods focus on the customer, embraces the ever
changing nature of business environments and encourages human
interaction in delivering outstanding software.
2. The Project Schedule. Agile project managers must be able to
continually manage an ever changing scope against a well defined
project timeline.
3. The Project Scope. Utilizing an Agile Project Management
approach means a new technique for managing a dynamic scope with
the intended outcome being the best-delivered product possible.
4. The Project Budget. Our financial management obligations
must be expanded to also consider the ultimate return on investment
(ROI) our software will generate.
5. The Product Quality. Agile project teams recognize that
quality is not a universal, objective measure, but a subjective definition
provided by the customer and continually re-evaluated through the
course of the project.
6. The Project Team. Today's project managers must do more
than simply manage a project's details, they must coach the individuals
on their team. Studies have proven that when a team is happy, they
produce better products more efficiently.
7. Project Metrics. Agile project managers utilize metrics to
assist the team to improve their performance by providing a reflection
of results against the team's action.
8. Continuous Improvement. Agile's non-prescriptive approach
requires regular examination to ensure that every opportunity to
improve efficiency in its execution is recognized and implemented.
Without clear plans for continuous improvement, most Agile teams will
not make the transition to this approach a lasting one.
9. Project Leadership. The project manager's ability to
effectively lead their team is based on several sound principles that
provide the support that the team needs while also encouraging the
team to grow more self-sufficient in their improvement efforts over
time.
10. Successfully Transitioning to Agile Project Management.
How the course participants can successfully transition from their
current approach to an Agile approach with ease.
11. A Full Day of Preparation for the Agile Certified
Practitioner (PMI-ACP) Certification Exam. The final day of the class
will specifically address what each of the participants will need to do
and need to know in order to pass their exam and receive their PMIACP certification. You will spend a full day in class dedicated to
application tips, tricks and test preparation.


Vol. 116 – 21

Certified Systems Engineering Professional - CSEP Preparation
Guaranteed Training to Pass the CSEP Certification Exam


Course Outline

Orlando, Florida

1. Introduction. What is the CSEP and what are the
requirements to obtain it? Terms and definitions. Basis of
the examination. Study plans and sample examination
questions and how to use them. Plan for the course.
Introduction to the INCOSE Handbook. Self-assessment
quiz. Filling out the CSEP application.
2. Systems Engineering and Life Cycles. Definitions
and origins of systems engineering, including the latest
concepts of “systems of systems.” Hierarchy of system
terms. Value of systems engineering. Life cycle
characteristics and stages, and the relationship of
systems engineering to life cycles. Development
approaches. The INCOSE Handbook system
development examples.
3. Technical Processes. The processes that take a
system from concept in the eye to operation, maintenance
and disposal. Stakeholder requirements and technical
requirements, including concept of operations,
requirements analysis, requirements definition,
requirements management. Architectural design, including
functional analysis and allocation, system architecture
synthesis. Implementation, integration, verification,
transition, validation, operation, maintenance and disposal
of a system.
4. Project Processes. Technical management and
the role of systems engineering in guiding a project.
Project planning, including the Systems Engineering Plan
(SEP), Integrated Product and Process Development
(IPPD), Integrated Product Teams (IPT), and tailoring
methods. Project assessment, including Technical
Performance Measurement (TPM). Project control.
Decision-making and trade-offs. Risk and opportunity
management, configuration management, information
management.
5. Enterprise & Agreement Processes. How to
define the need for a system, from the viewpoint of
stakeholders and the enterprise. Acquisition and supply
processes, including defining the need. Managing the
environment, investment, and resources. Enterprise
environment management. Investment management
including life cycle cost analysis. Life cycle processes
management standard processes, and process
improvement. Resource management and quality
management.
6. Specialty Engineering Activities. Unique
technical disciplines used in the systems engineering
processes: integrated logistics support, electromagnetic
and environmental analysis, human systems integration,
mass properties, modeling & simulation including the
system modeling language (SysML), safety & hazards
analysis, sustainment and training needs.
7. After-Class Plan. Study plans and methods.
Using the self-assessment to personalize your study plan.
Five rules for test-taking. How to use the sample
examinations. How to reach us after class, and what to do
when you succeed.

$1290

(8:30am - 4:30pm)

Register 3 or More & Receive $10000 Each
Off The Course Tuition.

Video!
www.aticourses.com/CSEP_preparation.htm

Summary

This two-day course walks through the CSEP
requirements and the INCOSE Handbook Version 3.2.2 to
cover all topics on the CSEP exam. Interactive work, study
plans, and sample examination questions help you to prepare
effectively for the exam. Participants leave the course with
solid knowledge, a hard copy of the INCOSE Handbook,
study plans, and three sample examinations.
Attend the CSEP course to learn what you need. Follow
the study plan to seal in the knowledge. Use the sample exam
to test yourself and check your readiness. Contact our
instructor for questions if needed. Then take the exam. If you
do not pass, you can retake the course at no cost.

Instructors
Eric Honour, CSEP, international consultant and
lecturer, has a 40-year career of
complex systems development &
operation. Founder and former
President of INCOSE. Author of the
“Value of SE” material in the INCOSE
Handbook. He has led the development
of 18 major systems, including the Air
Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation
systems and the Battle Group Passive
Horizon Extension System. BSSE (Systems
Engineering), US Naval Academy, MSEE, Naval
Postgraduate School, and PhD candidate, University of
South Australia.
Mr. William "Bill" Fournier is Senior Software
Systems Engineering with 30 years
experience the last 11 for a Defense
Contractor. Mr. Fournier taught DoD
Systems Engineering full time for over
three years at DSMC/DAU as a
Professor of Engineering Management.
Mr. Fournier has taught Systems
Engineering at least part time for more
than the last 20 years. Mr. Fournier holds
a MBA and BS Industrial Engineering / Operations
Research and is DOORS trained. He is a certified
CSEP, CSEP DoD Acquisition, and PMP. He is a
contributor to DAU / DSMC, Major Defense Contractor
internal Systems Engineering Courses and Process,
and INCOSE publications.

What You Will Learn

• How to pass the CSEP examination!
• Details of the INCOSE Handbook, the source for the
exam.
• Your own strengths and weaknesses, to target your
study.
• The key processes and definitions in the INCOSE
language of the exam.
• How to tailor the INCOSE processes.
• Five rules for test-taking.
22 – Vol. 116

The INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering
Professional (CSEP) rating is a coveted milestone in
the career of a systems engineer, demonstrating
knowledge, education and experience that are of high
value to systems organizations. This two-day course
provides you with the detailed knowledge and
practice that you need to pass the CSEP examination.


Cost Estimating

$1150
Summary

This two-day course covers the primary methods for
cost estimation needed in systems development, including
parametric estimation, activity-based costing, life cycle
estimation, and probabilistic modeling. The estimation
methods are placed in context of a Work Breakdown
Structure and program schedules, while explaining the
entire estimation process.
Emphasis is also placed on using cost models to
perform trade studies and calibrating cost models to
improve their accuracy. Participants will learn how to use
cost models through real-life case studies. Common
pitfalls in cost estimation will be discussed including
behavioral influences that can impact the quality of cost
estimates. We conclude with a review of the state-of-theart in cost estimation.

Instructor
Ricardo Valerdi, is an Associate Professor of Systems
& Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona and a
Research Affiliate at MIT. He developed the COSYSMO
model for estimating systems engineering
effort which has been used by BAE
Systems, Boeing, General Dynamics, L-3
Communications, Lockheed Martin,
Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and SAIC.
Dr. Valerdi is a Visiting Associate of the
Center for Systems and Software
Engineering at the University of Southern
California where he earned his Ph.D. in Industrial &
Systems Engineering. Previously, he worked at The
Aerospace Corporation, Motorola and General
Instrument. He served on the Board of Directors of
INCOSE, is an Editorial Advisor of the Journal of Cost
Analysis and Parametrics, and is the author of the book
The Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model
(COSYSMO): Quantifying the Costs of Systems
Engineering Effort in Complex Systems (VDM Verlag,
2008).

What You Will Learn
• What are the most important cost estimation methods?
• How is a WBS used to define project scope?
• What are the appropriate cost estimation methods for
my situation?
• How are cost models used to support decisions?
• How accurate are cost models? How accurate do they
need to be?
• How are cost models calibrated?
• How can cost models be integrated to develop
estimates of the total system?
• How can cost models be used for risk assessment?
• What are the principles for effective cost estimation?
From this course you will obtain the knowledge and
ability to perform basic cost estimates, identify tradeoffs,
use cost model results to support decisions, evaluate the
goodness of an estimate, evaluate the goodness of a
cost model, and understand the latest trends in cost
estimation.

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Introduction. Cost estimation in context of
system life cycles. Importance of cost estimation in
project planning. How estimation fits into the
proposal cycle. The link between cost estimation
and scope control. History of parametric modeling.
2. Scope Definition. Creation of a technical work
scope. Definition and format of the Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS) as a basis for accurate cost
estimation. Pitfalls in WBS creation and how to
avoid them. Task-level work definition. Class
exercise in creating a WBS.
3. Cost Estimation Methods. Different ways to
establish a cost basis, with explanation of each:
parametric estimation, activity-based costing,
analogy, case based reasoning, expert judgment,
etc. Benefits and detriments of each. Industryvalidated applications. Schedule estimation coupled
with cost estimation. Comprehensive review of cost
estimation tools.
4. Economic Principles. Concepts such as
economies/diseconomies of scale, productivity,
reuse, earned value, learning curves and prediction
markets are used to illustrate additional methods
that can improve cost estimates.
5. System Cost Estimation. Estimation in
software, electronics, and mechanical engineering.
Systems engineering estimation, including design
tasks, test & evaluation, and technical management.
Percentage-loaded level-of-effort tasks: project
management, quality assurance, configuration
management. Class exercise in creating cost
estimates using a simple spreadsheet model and
comparing against the WBS.
6. Risk Estimation. Handling uncertainties in the
cost estimation process. Cost estimation and risk
management. Probabilistic cost estimation and
effective portrayal of the results. Cost estimation,
risk levels, and pricing. Class exercise in
probabilistic estimation.
7. Decision Making. Organizational adoption of
cost models. Understanding the purpose of the
estimate (proposal vs. rebaselining; ballpark vs.
detailed breakdown). Human side of cost estimation
(optimism, anchoring, customer expectations, etc.).
Class exercise on calibrating decision makers.
8. Course Summary. Course summary and
refresher on key points. Additional cost estimation
resources. Principles for effective cost estimation.


Vol. 116 – 23

Effective Design Reviews for DOD and Aerospace Programs:
Techniques, Tips, and Best Practices

April 8-9, 2014

NEW!

Columbia, Maryland

$1190

(8:30am - 5:00pm)


“Many strong, very important
points to improving reviews in general.
A good investment for two days.”
R.T., Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab

Summary

Studies have shown that design error is the single biggest
cause of failure in aerospace deliverables. While there are
many aspects to getting the design right, a rigorous, effective
design review process is key. But good design review practice
is not just for aerospace engineers. It is an essential element
for every important deliverable or mission. Even the toy
industry benefits from effective design review practices. This
2-day course presents valuable techniques, best practices,
and tips gleaned from several different organizations and
many years of design integrity experience dealing with critical
deliverables. Case studies and lessons learned from past
successes and failures are used to illustrate important points.

Instructor

Eric Hoffman has 40 years of space experience,
including 19 years as Chief Engineer of
the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics
Laboratory Space Department, which
has designed, built, and launched 66
spacecraft and more than 200
instruments. He has chaired, served as
a reviewer at, presented at, or attended
hundreds of design reviews. For this course he has
captured the best practices of not only APL, but also
NASA/Goddard, JPL, the Air Force, and industry. As
“process owner” for design reviews, he authored APL’s
written standards. His work on APL’s Engineering
Board, Quality Council, and Engineering Design
Facility Advisory Board, as well as on several AIAA
Technical Committees, broadened his knowledge of
good design review practice. He is a Fellow of the
British Interplanetary Society, Associate Fellow of the
AIAA, author of 66 articles on these subjects, and
coauthor of the textbook Fundamentals of Space
Systems.

What You Will Learn
• How to set up effective, efficient technical reviews for your
project.
• How to select review boards for maximum effectiveness.
• How to maximize your contribution as a technical reviewer.
• The chairman’s important roles.
• How to review purchased items and proprietary or classified
designs.
• The (often neglected) art and science of agenda design.
• Techniques for assuring that Action Items are properly
closed and that nothing is lost.
24 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. High Reliability. Lessons from NASA and the Air
Force. The critical importance of good design and why
proper design reviews are essential. Design review
objectives. Design review “additional benefits” for
management. The difference between design reviews
and project status reviews. The “seven essentials” for
any design review.
2. Determining What Must Be Reviewed. The
dangerous area of “heritage” designs. Establishing a
design review hierarchy. Can you overdo a good thing?
3. Types of Design Reviews. CoDR, PDR, and
CDR. EDRs and lower level reviews. Fabrication
feasibility reviews. Test-related and other specialized
reviews. “Delta” reviews.
4. Dealing With Purchased Items. Subcontractor
design reviews. Dealing with proprietary and classified
information. Buyoffs of subcontracted items.
5. The Pre-review Data Package. Why it is so
important. Tips for producing it efficiently and making it
a more useful document.
6. The Design Review “Players” and Their Roles.
Role of the sponsor or customer. The program
manager’s responsibilities. How to be a more effective
presenter. How to be a value-added reviewer. The
chairman’s job. Role of the design review “process
owner.” Design reviews and the line supervisor.
7. Design Reviewing Software, Firmware, and
FPGAs. Special techniques for software-intensive
designs.
8. Supplements to the Design Review. Using
splinter meetings, poster sessions, and single-topic
workshops to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
9. Selecting Reviewers and the Chairman.
Assembling a truly effective review team. Utilizing adhoc reviewers effectively. The pro’s and con’s of design
reviewer checklists. Pre-review briefings.
10. The Art and Science of Agenda Design. Smart
(and not so smart) ways to “design” the agenda.
Getting the most out of dry runs.
11. Documenting the Review. What to include,
what to leave out. How to improve documentation
efficiency. Post-review debriefs.
12. Action Items. Criteria for accepting/rejecting
proposed Action Items. Efficient techniques for
documenting, tracking, and closing the most important
product of a design review. “Show stoppers” and “liens”
against a design.
13. Design Review Psychology 101. The gentle art
of effective critiquing. Combating negativism. Dealing
with diverse personalities.
14. Physical facilities. What would the ideal design
review room look like?
15. What Does the Future Hold. Using the Internet
to help the review process. Virtual and video reviews?
Automated review of designs?


Systems Engineering - Requirements
January 28-30, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:30pm)

Call for information about our six-course systems engineering
certificate program or for “on-site” training to prepare for the
INCOSE systems engineering exam.

Summary
This three-day course provides system engineers,
team leaders, and managers with a clear
understanding about how to develop good
specifications affordably using modeling methods that
encourage identification of the essential characteristics
that must be respected in the subsequent design
process. Both the analysis and management aspects
are covered. Each student will receive a full set of
course notes and textbook, “System Requirements
Analysis,” by the instructor Jeff Grady.

Instructor
Jeffrey O. Grady (MSSM, ESEP) is the president of
a System Engineering company. He has
30 years of industry experience in
aerospace companies as a system
engineer, engineering manager, field
engineer, and project engineer plus 20
years as a consultant and educator. Jeff
has authored nine published books in
the system engineering field and holds a Master of
Science in System Management from USC. He
teaches system engineering courses nation-wide. Jeff
is an INCOSE Founder and Fellow.

What You Will Learn
• How to model a problem space using proven
methods where the product will be implemented in
hardware or software.
• How to link requirements with traceability and reduce
risk through proven techniques.
• How to identify all requirements using modeling that
encourages completeness and avoidance of
unnecessary requirements.
• How to structure specifications and manage their
development.
This course will show you how to build good
specifications based on effective models. It is not
difficult to write requirements; the hard job is to
know what to write them about and determine
appropriate values. Modeling tells us what to write
them about and good domain engineering
encourages identification of good values in them.

Course Outline
1. Introduction
2. Introduction (Continued)
3. Requirements Fundamentals – Defines what a
requirement is and identifies 4 kinds.
4. Requirements Relationships – How are
requirements related to each other? We will look at
several kinds of traceability.
5. Initial System Analysis – The whole process
begins with a clear understanding of the user’s needs.
6. Functional Analysis – Several kinds of functional
analysis are covered including simple functional flow
diagrams, EFFBD, IDEF-0, and Behavioral Diagramming.
7. Functional Analysis (Continued) –
8. Performance Requirements Analysis –
Performance requirements are derived from functions and
tell what the item or system must do and how well.
9. Product Entity Synthesis – The course
encourages Sullivan’s idea of form follows function so the
product structure is derived from its functionality.
10. Interface Analysis and Synthesis – Interface
definition is the weak link in traditional structured analysis
but n-square analysis helps recognize all of the ways
function allocation has predefined all of the interface
needs.
11. Interface Analysis and Synthesis – (Continued)
12. Specialty Engineering Requirements – A
specialty engineering scoping matrix allows system
engineers to define product entity-specialty domain
relationships that the indicated domains then apply their
models to.
13. Environmental Requirements – A three-layer
model involving tailored standards mapped to system
spaces, a three-dimensional service use profile for end
items, and end item zoning for component requirements.
14. Structured Analysis Documentation – How can
we capture and configuration manage our modeling basis
for requirements?
15. Software Modeling Using MSA/PSARE –
Modern structured analysis is extended to PSARE as
Hatley and Pirbhai did to improve real-time control system
development but PSARE did something else not clearly
understood.
16. Software Modeling Using Early OOA and UML –
The latest models are covered.
17. Software Modeling Using Early OOA and UML –
(Continued).
18. Software Modeling Using DoDAF – DoD has
evolved a very complex model to define systems of
tremendous complexity involving global reach.
19. Universal Architecture Description Framework
A method that any enterprise can apply to develop any
system using a single comprehensive model no matter
how the system is to be implemented.
20. Universal Architecture Description Framework
(Continued)
21. Specification Management – Specification
formats and management methods are discussed.
22. Requirements Risk Abatement - Special
requirements-related risk methods are covered including
validation, TPM, margins and budgets.
23. Tools Discussion
24. Requirements Verification Overview – You
should be basing verification of three kinds on the
requirements that were intended to drive design. These
links are emphasized.


Vol. 116 – 25

AESA Airborne Radar Theory and Operations
The system level requirements, design and performance of an Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar

May 12-15, 2014

Course Outline

Columbia, Maryland

1. Introduction to AESA Radar. The evolution of
Radar, signal processing fundamentals and an overview
of the AESA antenna and modes.
2. Air-Air Operations. Use of a weapons system
simulator to explore mode interleaving concepts, passive
sensor integration, Low Probability of Intercept, Med and
HI-Med PRF search, and multi target track in a variety of
air-air intercepts and configurations.
3. Receiver Exciter: Super Heterodyne receiver
block diagrams, frequency multipliers, analog and
advanced digital IF sampling synchronous detectors, and
A/D converters. Phase and frequency coding with
matched filters for pulse compression.
4. Array Antennas. Gain and beamwidth
calculations. Two dimensional antenna patterns,
weighting functions, grating lobes, array steering,
monopulse vector processing. Adaptive beam forming,
and spatial notch filters. Space-Time-Adaptive-Processing
and advanced main beam clutter cancellers.
5. Radar Equation. The air-air and air-ground Radar
equations with IF Filters, A/D integrators, coherent and
non-coherent integration with pulse compression. Target
cross section modeling and detection theory.
6. Radar Clutter. Airborne Radar clutter sources,
computation of the Doppler frequency, clutter maps,
constant clutter gamma model, clutter radar equation.
Radome design, image lobes, clutter simulations and
distribution functionss.
7. CFAR. Probability theory and the computation of
the detection threshold. Cell averaging, High PRF,
Greatest Of, and ordered statistic CFAR designs.
8. Air-Air Search Modes. Block diagrams,
processing and performance for the Low PRF, all aspect
Medium PRF, and High PRF Alert Confirm waveforms.
Track mode waveforms for tracking in main beam clutter
with LPI considerations.
9. Air-Ground Modes. Block diagrams and
processing for real beam map, and synthetic aperture
Radar. Stretch pulse compression, azimuth compression,
auto focus algorithms, and automatic target detection and
recognition techniques.
10. Kalman Filters and Tracking. 50 target track
mode with LPI and stealth considerations.

$2045

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
The revolutionary active electronically scanned
array (AESA) Radar provides huge gains in
performance and all the front line fighters in the
world from the Americans (F35, F22, F18, F15, F16)
to the Europeans, Russians and Chinese already
have one or soon will. This four day seminar, which
took 10,000 man hours to produce, is a
comprehensive treatment on the latest systems
engineering technology required to design the
modes for an AESA to capitalize on the systems
inherent multi role, wide bandwidth, fast beam
switching, and high power capabilities. Steve Jobs
once said “You must provide the tools to let people
become their best”, and this seminar will include two
indispensable tools for the AESA engineer. 1) A
newly written 400+ page electronic book with
interactive calculations and simulations on the more
complicated seminar subjects like STAP and
Automatic Target Recognition. 2) A professionally
designed spread sheet (with software) for
designing, capturing and predicting the detection
performance of the AESA modes including the
challenging Alert-Confirm waveform.
We recommend - but do not require- that you
bring a laptop to the class to maximize the
learning materials.

Instructor
Bob Phillips has 45 years’ experience as a
leader in the emerging technologies
of airborne Radar systems and
software. He was a key engineer in
the development of the F16 radar
including the APG-80 AESA, the
upgraded B1B ESA, the APG68(V)9, and the venerable APG-66 MLU. As a
consulting engineer Bob had responsibility for
reviewing plans and proposals for software in the
JSF AESA and other systems involving FLIR and
EW. He was involved in teaching and marketing
Radar to pilots and engineers around the world.
Bob holds a BS in engineering physics and a
Masters in numerical science from Johns
Hopkins where he matriculated in post graduate
studies in EE. He holds 4 patents and numerous
disclosures. After 38 years at Northrop Bob
retired and spends his time sailing and working
as a Radar instructor.

What You Will Learn
• How to design a mode to track 50 targets with low
probability of intercept.
• How to design an Automatic target Detection and
Recognition algorithm to quickly sort military targets
from an AESA SAR image.
• How to compute the probability of detection for any
AESA radar mode and integrate the required
software into your own simulations.
• How STAP and adaptive beam formers work to
cancel jamming and optimize performance.
• How to detect slow moving ground targets with a
state-of-the-art main beam clutter canceler.
• How to calculate the detection range for any radar
using an Excel spreadsheet.

Register online at www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI at 888.501.2100 or 410.956.8805 at 888.501.2100 or Vol. 114 – 26
26 – Vol. 116
Register online www.ATIcourses.com or call ATI
410.956.8805

Huntsville, Alabama

Update
d!

March 18-20, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:30pm)

00

Summary
The increasing level of combat system integration
and communications requirements, coupled with
shrinking defense budgets and shorter product life
cycles, offers many challenges and opportunities in the
design and acquisition of new combat systems. This
three-day course teaches the systems engineering
discipline that has built some of the modern military’s
greatest combat and communications systems, using
state-of-the-art systems engineering techniques. It
details the decomposition and mapping of war-fighting
requirements into combat system functional designs. A
step-by-step description of the combat system design
process is presented emphasizing the trades made
necessary because of growing performance,
operational, cost, constraints and ever increasing
system complexities.
Topics include the fire control loop and its closure by
the combat system, human-system interfaces,
command and communication systems architectures,
autonomous and net-centric operation, induced
information exchange requirements, role of
communications systems, and multi-mission
capabilities.
Engineers, scientists, program managers, and
graduate students will find the lessons learned in this
course valuable for architecting, integration, and
modeling of combat system. Emphasis is given to
sound system engineering principles realized through
the application of strict processes and controls, thereby
avoiding common mistakes. Each attendee will receive
a complete set of detailed notes for the class.

Instructor
Robert Fry works at The Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory where he is
a member of the Principal Professional
Staff. Throughout his career he has
been involved in the development of
new combat weapon system concepts,
development of system requirements,
and balancing allocations within the fire
control loop between sensing and weapon kinematic
capabilities. He has worked on many aspects of the
AEGIS combat system including AAW, BMD, AN/SPY1, and multi-mission requirements development.
Missile system development experience includes SM2, SM-3, SM-6, Patriot, THAAD, HARPOON,
AMRAAM, TOMAHAWK, and other missile systems.

Course Outline
1. Combat System Overview. Combat
system characteristics. Functional description for
the combat system in terms of the sensor and
weapons control, communications, and
command and control. Anti-air Warfare. Antisurface Warfare. Anti-submarine Warfare.
2. Combat
System
Functional
Organization. Combat system layers and
operation.
3. Sensors. Review of the variety of multiwarfare sensor systems, their capability,
operation, management, and limitations.
4. Weaponry. Weapon
system
suites
employed by the AEGIS combat system and their
capability, operation, management, and
limitations. Basics of missile design and
operation.
5. Fire Control Loops. What the fire control
loop is and how it works, its vulnerabilities,
limitations, and system battlespace.
6. Engagement Control. Weapon control,
planning, and coordination.
7. Tactical Command and Contro. Humanin-the-loop, system latencies, and coordinated
planning and response.
8. Communications. Current and future
communications systems employed with combat
systems and their relationship to combat system
functions and interoperability.
9. Combat System Development. Overview
of the combat system engineering and acquisition
processes.
10. Current AEGIS Missions and Directions.
Performance in low-intensity conflicts. Changing
Navy missions, threat trends, shifts in the
defense budget, and technology growth.
11. Network-Centric Operation and Warfare.
Net-centric gain in warfare, network layers and
coordination, and future directions.

What You Will Learn
• The trade-offs and issues for modern combat
system design.
• The role of subsystem in combat system operation.
• How automation and technology impact combat
system design.
• Understanding requirements for joint warfare, netcentric warfare, and open architectures.
• Lessons learned from AEGIS development.


Vol. 116 – 27

Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles
April 1-2, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1190

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
This two-day course includes the history of DIRCM
development and an industry survey of modern DIRCM
systems to include missile warning receivers and
missile defeat mechanisms. System integration, test,
and evaluation concepts are discussed. An extensive
library of video clips illustrates DIRCM design,
integration, and test, as well as operational real world
performance concepts. All participants receive a set of
course notes and a DVD of all course materials.

Instructor
Mr. John L. Minor has over 35 years of professional
experience with advanced military
sensor systems and advanced
aerospace vehicles. His career spans
the military, industry, and Department of
Defense (civilian) sectors. He is an
internationally recognized expert in
systems
design,
development,
integration, test and evaluation of advanced airborne
EO/IR sensors and weapon systems and has
significant experience with UAVs. As a former
employee of Lockheed Martin (LM), the LM Skunk
Works, and as a former Air Force officer, Mr. Minor
developed, operated, and tested numerous classified
and unclassified EO/IR weapons systems. He was the
lead EO/IR engineer for the Low Altitude Navigation
and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) system
from 1984-1987. From 1998-1999, he was the
Program Manager for the EO-IR sensors on the Tier 3
Minus Darkstar program?a high altitude, long
endurance, stealthy unmanned aerial vehicle. As a
Master Instructor, Mr. Minor completely redesigned the
USAF Test Pilot School curriculum for test and
evaluation of advanced weapon systems from. He was
also instrumental in the design of the first-ever
UAV/UAS flight test course for the Air Force Flight Test
Center. Mr. Minor holds BSEE and MSEE degrees
from the University of New Mexico/Air Force Institute of
Technology and is a graduate of the USAF Test Pilot
School. He is currently the Chief of the Systems
Engineering Division for the Ogden Air Logistics Center
Engineering Directorate. Previously, he was
competitively selected as the first civilian Technical
Director in the 60+ year history of the USAF Test Pilot
School, serving in that position from 2004-2008 before
reassignment to Hill AFB. In his capacity as USAF TPS
Technical Director, Mr. Minor was instrumental in
assisting the USAF Test Pilot School to achieve USC
Title 10 authority to grant fully accredited Masters of
Science Degrees in Flight Test Engineering under Air
University.
28 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Fundamentals of a Directed Infrared
Countermeasure (DIRCM) System.
2. History of DIRCM Development.
• The Infrared Threat & Increasing J/S Requirements
• Missile Warning Receivers
• Legacy Broadband Systems
• Flash Lamp DIRCM
• Laser DIRCM
3. Modern DIRCM Design Features.
• UV Missile Warning
• Two-Color Missile Warning
• Closed Loop DIRCM
• Systems Integration, Test, and Evaluation
• Jam Lab Integration and Test
• Open Air Integration and Test
• Live Fire Test & Evaluation
• Data Correlation and Data Analysis

Who Should Attend
Engineers, technicians, project and program
managers who are concerned with the design,
integration, operation and performance of DIRCM
systems will find this course meets many of their
needs. The depth and breadth of real world
experience the instructor brings to this classroom is an
invaluable resource for the students.


Electronic Warfare - Advanced
April 7-10, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$2045

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline

Summary
This four-day course builds on the information in
Fundamentals of EW (or equivalent) courses. The
principles learned in the fundamentals course will be
applied to more complex practical problems, and the
theoretical underpinnings of fundamental EW concepts
and techniques will be developed. Special interest will
be given to advanced types of radar and
communication threats and resources available to EW
professionals: the range of textbooks and authors,
periodicals, journals, organizations, etc.
This course is intended for those who have
completed a basic Electronic Warfare course or have
equivalent knowledge from previous education or work
experience in the field. This course, unlike the
fundamentals course, uses a moderate amount of
engineering mathematics. Each student will receive
instructor's texts Electronic Warfare 101 and Electronic
Warfare 102 and a full set of course notes.

Instructor
David Adamy holds BSEE and MSEE degrees, both
with communication theory majors. He
has over 40 years experience as an
engineer and manager in the
development of electronic warfare and
related systems. He has published over
140 articles on electronic warfare and
communications theory related subjects,
including a popular monthly tutorial section in the
Journal of Electronic Defense. He has ten books in
print. He consults to various military organizations and
teaches electronic warfare and communication theory
short courses all over the world.

1. Electronic warfare and information warfare:
Operational interrelationships between the various
subfields; basic strategies for EA, ES and EP in
modern warfare.
2. Radio propagation models.
3. Receiver system design: Advantages /
disadvantages of various receiver types, dynamic
range/sensitivity trade-offs, Digital receiver system
design tradeoffs.
4. Advanced radar threat: Phased array radars,
SAR & ISAR, ES challenges, EP challenges.
5. Low probability of intercept signals.
6. ES: Modern signal processing challenges; ES
against LPI signals.
7. Modern EA architectures.
8. EA against modern radar systems.
9. EA against LPI signals.
10. Expendables and Decoy Systems.
11. Directed Energy Weapons.
12. Stealth: Stealth technology; EW vs. stealth.

What You Will Learn
• Theoretical basis for important EW concepts and
techniques.
• Relationship between electronic and information
warfare and top level strategies for the application
of EW (vs. just tactical approaches).
• How to perform Communication intercept and
jamming performance prediction using line of sight,
two-ray, and knife edge diffraction propagation
models.
• How to perform EW and reconnaissance receiver
system design trade-off analyses. They will
understand how LPI signals are generated and the
general approaches to the application of EW
techniques to these types of signals and other
modern signal types.
• Directed energy weapons and stealth.


Vol. 116 – 29

Electronic Warfare Overview

February 4-5, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1190

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary

Course Outline

This two-day course presents the depth and breadth
of modern Electronic Warfare, covering Ground, Sea,
Air and Space applications, with simple, easy-to-grasp
intuitive principles. Complex mathematics will be
eliminated, while the tradeoffs and complexities of
current and advanced EW and ELINT systems will be
explored. The fundamental principles will be
established first and then the many varied applications
will be discussed. The attendee will leave this course
with an understanding of both the principles and the
practical applications of current and evolving electronic
warfare technology. This course is designed as an
introduction for managers and engineers who need an
understanding of the basics. It will provide you with the
ability to understand and communicate with others
working in the field. A detailed set of notes used in the
class will be provided.

1. Introduction to Electronic Combat. RadarESM-ECM-ECCM-LPI-Stealth
(EC-ES-EA-EP).
Overview of the Threat. Radar Technology Evolution.
EW Technology Evolution. Radar Range Equation.
RCS Reduction. Counter-Low Observable (CLO).
2. Vulnerability of Radar Modes. Air Search
Radar. Fire Control Radar. Ground Search Radar.
Pulse Doppler, MTI, DPCA. Pulse Compression.
Range Track. Angle Track. SAR, TF/TA.
3. Vulnerability/Susceptibility of Weapon
Systems. Semi Active Missiles. Command Guided
Missiles. Active Missiles. TVM. Surface-to-air, air-to-air,
air-to-surface.
4. ESM (ES). ESM/ELINT/RWR. Typical ESM
Systems. Probability of Intercept. ESM Range
Equation. ESM Sensitivity. ESM Receivers. DOA/AOA
Measurement. MUSIC / ESPRIT. Passive Ranging.
5. ECM Techniques (EA). Principals of Electronic
Attack (EA). Noise Jamming vs. Deception. Repeater
vs. Transponder. Sidelobe Jamming vs. Mainlobe
Jamming. Synthetic Clutter. VGPO and RGPO. TB and
Cross Pol. Chaff and Active Expendables. Decoys.
Bistatic Jamming. Power Management, DRFM, high
ERP.
6. ECCM (EP). EP Techniques Overview. Offensive
vs Defensive ECCM. Leading Edge Tracker. HOJ/AOJ.
Adaptive Sidelobe Canceling. STAP. Example RadarES-EA-EP Engagement.
7. EW Systems. Airborne Self Protect Jammer.
Airborne Tactical Jamming System. Shipboard SelfDefense System.
8. EW Technology. EW Technology Evolution.
Transmitters. Antennas. Receiver / Processing.
Advanced EW.

Instructor
David Adamy holds BSEE and MSEE degrees, both
with communication theory majors. He
has over 40 years experience as an
engineer and manager in the
development of electronic warfare and
related systems. He has published over
140 articles on electronic warfare and
communications theory related subjects,
including a popular monthly tutorial section in the
Journal of Electronic Defense. He has ten books in
print. He consults to various military organizations and
teaches electronic warfare and communication theory
short courses all over the world.
30 – Vol. 116


GPS Technology
International Navigation Solutions for Military, Civilian, and Aerospace Applications

January 13-16, 2014
Columbia, Maryland
Each Stu
receive a dent will
receiver free GPS
with co
displays lor map
!

March 10-13, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$2045

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary

If present plans materialize, 128 radionavigation
satellites will soon be installed along the space frontier.
They will be owned and operated by six different
countries hoping to capitalize on the financial success
of the GPS constellation.
In this popular four-day short course Tom Logsdon
describes in detail how these various radionavigation
systems work and reviews the many practical benefits
they are slated to provide to military and civilian users
around the globe. Logsdon will explain how each
radionavigation system works and how to use it in
various practical situations.

Instructor

Tom Logsdon has worked on the GPS
radionavigation satellites and their
constellation for more than 20 years. He
helped design the Transit Navigation
System and the GPS and he acted as a
consultant to the European Galileo
Spaceborne Navigation System. His key
assignment have included constellation
selection trades, military and civilian applications, force
multiplier effects, survivability enhancements and
spacecraft autonomy studies.
Over the past 30 years Logsdon has taught more
than 300 short courses. He has also made two dozen
television appearances, helped design an exhibit for
the Smithsonian Institution, and written and published
1.7 million words, including 29 non fiction books.
These include Understanding the Navstar, Orbital
Mechanics, and The Navstar Global Positioning
System.

"The presenter was very energetic and truly
passionate about the material"
" Tom Logsdon is the best teacher I have ever
had. His knowledge is excellent. He is a 10!"
"Mr. Logsdon did a bang-up job explaining
and deriving the theories of special/general
relativity–and how they are associated with
the GPS navigation solutions."
"I loved his one-page mathematical derivations and the important points they illustrate."

Video!
www.aticourses.com/gps_technology.htm

Course Outline
1. Radionavigation Concepts. Active and passive
radionavigation systems. Position and velocity solutions.
Nanosecond timing accuracies. Today’s spaceborne
atomic clocks. Websites and other sources of information.
Building a flourishing $200 billion radionavigation empire
in space.
2. The Three Major Segments of the GPS. Signal
structure and pseudorandom codes. Modulation
techniques. Practical performance-enhancements.
Relativistic time dilations. Inverted navigation solutions.
3. Navigation Solutions and Kalman Filtering
Techniques. Taylor series expansions. Numerical
iteration. Doppler shift solutions. Kalman filtering
algorithms.
4. Designing Effective GPS Receivers. The
functions of a modern receiver. Antenna design
techniques. Code tracking and carrier tracking loops.
Commercial chipsets. Military receivers. Navigation
solutions for orbiting satellites.
5. Military Applications. Military test ranges. Tactical
and strategic applications. Autonomy and survivability
enhancements. Smart bombs and artillery projectiles.
6. Integrated Navigation Systems. Mechanical and
strapdown implementations. Ring lasers and fiber-optic
gyros. Integrated navigation systems. Military
applications.
7. Differential Navigation and Pseudosatellites.
Special committee 104’s data exchange protocols. Global
data distribution. Wide-area differential navigation.
Pseudosatellites. International geosynchronous overlay
satellites. The American WAAS, the European EGNOS,
and the Japanese QZSS..
8. Carrier-Aided Solution Techniques. Attitudedetermination receivers. Spaceborne navigation for
NASA’s Twin Grace satellites. Dynamic and kinematic
orbit determination. Motorola’s spaceborne monarch
receiver. Relativistic time-dilation derivations. Relativistic
effects due to orbital eccentricity.
9. The Navstar Satellites. Subsystem descriptions.
On-orbit test results. Orbital perturbations and computer
modeling techniques. Station-keeping maneuvers. Earthshadowing characteristics. The European Galileo, the
Chinese Biedou/Compass, the Indian IRNSS, and the
Japanese QZSS.
10. Russia’s Glonass Constellation. Performance
comparisons. Orbital mechanics considerations. The
Glonass subsystems. Russia’s SL-12 Proton booster.
Building dual-capability GPS/Glonass receivers. Glonass
in the evening news.


Vol. 116 – 31

Missile System Design
Columbia, Maryland

$2045

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Video!
www.aticourses.com/tactical_missile_design.htm

Course Outline
Summary

This four-day short course covers the fundamentals of
missile design, development, and system engineering. The
course provides a system-level, integrated method for missile
aerodynamic configuration/propulsion design and analysis. It
addresses the broad range of alternatives in meeting cost,
performance, and risk requirements. The methods presented
are generally simple closed-form analytical expressions that
are physics-based, to provide insight into the primary driving
parameters. Configuration sizing examples are presented for
rocket-powered, ramjet-powered, and turbo-jet powered
baseline missiles. Typical values of missile parameters and the
characteristics of current operational missiles are discussed as
well as the enabling subsystems and technologies for missiles
and the current/projected state-of-the-art. Daily roundtable
discussion. Design, build, and fly competition. Over seventy
videos illustrate missile development activities and missile
performance. Attendees will vote on the relative emphasis of
the material to be presented. Attendees receive course notes
as well as the textbook, Missile Design and System
Engineering.

Instructor
Eugene L. Fleeman has 49 years of government,
industry, academia, and consulting
experience in Missile Design and System
Engineering. Formerly a manager of
missile programs at Air Force Research
Laboratory, Rockwell International, Boeing,
and Georgia Tech, he is an international
lecturer on missiles and the author of over
100 publications, including the AIAA textbook, Missile
Design and System Engineering.

What You Will Learn

• Key drivers in the missile design and system engineering
process.
• Critical tradeoffs, methods and technologies in subsystems,
aerodynamic, propulsion, and structure sizing.
• Launch platform-missile integration.
• Robustness, lethality, guidance navigation & control,
accuracy, observables, survivability, safty, reliability, and
cost considerations.
• Missile sizing examples.
• Development process for missile systems and missile
technologies.
• Design, build, and fly competition.

Who Should Attend
The course is oriented toward the needs of missile
engineers, systems engineers, analysts, marketing
personnel, program managers, university professors, and
others working in the area of missile systems and technology
development. Attendees will gain an understanding of missile
design, missile technologies, launch platform integration,
missile system measures of merit, and the missile system
development process.
32 – Vol. 116

1. Introduction/Key Drivers in the Missile System Design
Process: Overview of missile design process. Examples of systemof-systems integration. Unique characteristics of missiles. Key
aerodynamic configuration sizing parameters. Missile conceptual
design synthesis process. Examples of processes to establish
mission requirements. Projected capability in command, control,
communication,
computers,
intelligence,
surveillance,
reconnaissance (C4ISR). Example of Pareto analysis. Attendees
vote on course emphasis.
2. Aerodynamic Considerations in Missile System Design:
Optimizing missile aerodynamics. Shapes for low observables.
Missile configuration layout (body, wing, tail) options. Selecting flight
control alternatives. Wing and tail sizing. Predicting normal force,
drag, pitching moment, stability, control effectiveness, lift-to-drag
ratio, and hinge moment. Maneuver law alternatives.
3. Propulsion Considerations in Missile System Design:
Turbojet, ramjet, scramjet, ducted rocket, and rocket propulsion
comparisons. Turbojet engine design considerations, prediction and
sizing. Selecting ramjet engine, booster, and inlet alternatives.
Ramjet performance prediction and sizing. High density fuels. Solid
propellant alternatives. Propellant grain cross section trade-offs.
Effective thrust magnitude control. Reducing propellant observables.
Rocket motor performance prediction and sizing. Solid propellant
rocket motor combustion instability. Motor case and nozzle
materials.
4. Weight Considerations in Missile System Design: How to
size subsystems to meet flight performance requirements. Structural
design criteria factor of safety. Structure concepts and
manufacturing processes. Selecting airframe materials. Loads
prediction. Weight prediction. Airframe and motor case design.
Aerodynamic heating prediction and insulation trades. Dome
material alternatives and sizing. Power supply and actuator
alternatives and sizing.
5. Flight Performance Considerations in Missile System
Design: Flight envelope limitations. Aerodynamic sizing-equations
of motion. Accuracy of simplified equations of motion. Maximizing
flight performance. Benefits of flight trajectory shaping. Flight
performance prediction of boost, climb, cruise, coast, steady
descent, ballistic, maneuvering, divert, and homing flight.
6. Measures of Merit and Launch Platform Integration:
Achieving robustness in adverse weather. Seeker, navigation, data
link, and sensor alternatives. Seeker range prediction. Countercountermeasures. Warhead alternatives and lethality prediction.
Approaches to minimize collateral damage. Fuzing alternatives and
requirements for fuze angle and time delay. Alternative guidance
laws. Proportional guidance accuracy prediction. Time constant
contributors and prediction. Maneuverability design criteria. Radar
cross section and infrared signature prediction. Survivability
considerations. Insensitive munitions. Enhanced reliability. Cost
drivers of schedule, weight, learning curve, and parts count. EMD
and production cost prediction. Logistics considerations. Designing
within launch platform constraints. Standard launchers. Internal vs.
external carriage. Shipping, storage, carriage, launch, and
separation environment considerations. Launch platform interfaces.
Cold and solar environment temperature prediction.
7. Sizing Examples and Sizing Tools: Trade-offs for extended
range rocket. Sizing for enhanced maneuverability. Developing a
harmonized missile. Lofted range prediction. Ramjet missile sizing
for range robustness. Ramjet fuel alternatives. Ramjet velocity
control. Correction of turbojet thrust and specific impulse. Turbojet
missile sizing for maximum range. Turbojet engine rotational speed.
Computer aided sizing tools for conceptual design. Design, build,
and fly competition. Pareto, house of quality, and design of
experiment analysis.
8. Missile Development Process: Design validation/technology
development process. Developing a technology roadmap. History of
transformational technologies. Funding emphasis. Cost, risk, and
performance tradeoffs. New missile follow-on projections. Examples
of development tests and facilities. Example of technology
demonstration flight envelope. Examples of technology
development. New technologies for missiles.


Propulsion, Guidance, Control, Seekers, and Technology

January 20-23, 2014
Huntsville, Alabama

February 3-6, 2014

Columbia, Maryland

$1940

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Video!

www.aticourses.com/missile_systems_analysis.htm

Summary

This four-day course presents a broad introduction to
major missile subsystems and their integrated performance,
explained in practical terms, but including relevant analytical
methods. While emphasis is on today’s homing missiles and
future trends, the course includes a historical perspective of
relevant older missiles. Both endoatmospheric and
exoatmospheric missiles (missiles that operate in the
atmosphere and in space) are addressed. Missile propulsion,
guidance, control, and seekers are covered, and their roles
and interactions in integrated missile operation are explained.
The types and applications of missile simulation and testing
are presented. Comparisons of autopilot designs, guidance
approaches, seeker alternatives, and instrumentation for
various purposes are presented. The course is recommended
for analysts, engineers, and technical managers who want to
broaden their understanding of modern missiles and missile
systems. The analytical descriptions require some technical
background, but practical explanations can be appreciated by
all students.

Instructor
Dr. Walter R. Dyer is a graduate of UCLA, with a Ph.D.
degree in Control Systems Engineering and Applied
Mathematics. He has over thirty years of
industry, government and academic
experience in the analysis and design of
tactical and strategic missiles. His experience
includes Standard Missile, Stinger, AMRAAM,
HARM, MX, Small ICBM, and ballistic missile
defense. He is currently a Senior Staff
Member at the Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory and was formerly the Chief
Technologist at the Missile Defense Agency in Washington,
DC. He has authored numerous industry and government
reports and published prominent papers on missile
technology. He has also taught university courses in
engineering at both the graduate and undergraduate levels.

What You Will Learn
You will gain an understanding of the design and analysis
of homing missiles and the integrated performance of their
subsystems.
• Missile propulsion and control in the atmosphere and in
space.
• Clear explanation of homing guidance.
• Types of missile seekers and how they work.
• Missile testing and simulation.
• Latest developments and future trends.

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Brief history of Missiles. Types of
guided missiles. Introduction to ballistic missile defense.Endoatmospheric and exoatmospheric missile operation.
Missile basing. Missile subsystems overview. Warheads,
lethality and hit-to-kill. Power and power conditioning.
2. Missile Propulsion. The rocket equation. Solid and
liquid propulsion. Single stage and multistage boosters.
Ramjets and scramjets. Axial propulsion. Divert and
attitude control systems. Effects of gravity and
atmospheric drag.
3. Missile Airframes, Autopilots And Control.
Phases of missile flight. Purpose and functions of
autopilots. Missile control configurations. Autopilot design.
Open-loop autopilots. Inertial instruments and feedback.
Autopilot response, stability, and agility. Body modes and
rate saturation. Roll control and induced roll in high
performance missiles. Radomes and their effects on
missile control. Adaptive autopilots. Rolling airframe
missiles.
4. Exoatmospheric Missiles For Ballistic Missile
Defense. Exoatmospheric missile autopilots, propulsion
and attitude control. Pulse width modulation. Exoatmospheric missile autopilots. Limit cycles.
5. Missile Guidance. Seeker types and operation for
endo- and exo-atmospheric missiles. Passive, active and
semi active missile guidance. Radar basics and radar
seekers. Passive sensing basics and passive seekers.
Scanning seekers and focal plane arrays. Seeker
comparisons and tradeoffs for different missions. Signal
processing and noise reduction
6. Missile Seekers. Boost and midcourse guidance.
Zero effort miss. Proportional navigation and augmented
proportional navigation. Biased proportional navigation.
Predictive guidance. Optimum homing guidance.
Guidance filters. Homing guidance examples and
simulation results. Miss distance comparisons with
different homing guidance laws. Sources of miss and miss
reduction. Beam rider, pure pursuit, and deviated pursuit
guidance.
7. Simulation And Its Applications. Current
simulation capabilities and future trends. Hardware in the
loop. Types of missile testing and their uses, advantages
and disadvantages of testing alternatives.


Vol. 116 – 33

Multi-Target Tracking and Multi-Sensor Data Fusion
January 28-30, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


d With
Revise Added
Newly ics
Top

Summary
The objective of this course is to introduce
engineers, scientists, managers and military
operations personnel to the fields of target
tracking and data fusion, and to the key
technologies which are available today for
application to this field. The course is designed
to be rigorous where appropriate, while
remaining accessible to students without a
specific scientific background in this field. The
course will start from the fundamentals and
move to more advanced concepts. This course
will identify and characterize the principle
components of typical tracking systems. A
variety of techniques for addressing different
aspects of the data fusion problem will be
described. Real world examples will be used to
emphasize the applicability of some of the
algorithms. Specific illustrative examples will
be used to show the tradeoffs and systems
issues between the application of different
techniques.

Instructor
Stan Silberman is a member of the Senior
Technical Staff at the Johns Hopkins Univeristy
Applied Physics Laboratory. He has over 30
years of experience in tracking, sensor fusion,
and radar systems analysis and design for the
Navy,Marine Corps, Air Force, and FAA.
Recent work has included the integration of a
new radar into an existing multisensor system
and in the integration, using a multiple
hypothesis approach, of shipboard radar and
ESM sensors. Previous experience has
included analysis and design of multiradar
fusion systems, integration of shipboard
sensors including radar, IR and ESM,
integration of radar, IFF, and time-difference-ofarrival sensors with GPS data sources.
34 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Introduction.
The Kalman Filter.
Other Linear Filters.
Non-Linear Filters.
Angle-Only Tracking.
Maneuvering Targets: Adaptive Techniques.
Maneuvering
Targets:
Multiple
Model
Approaches.
8. Single Target Correlation & Association.
9. Track Initiation, Confirmation & Deletion.
10. Using Measured Range Rate (Doppler).
11. Multitarget Correlation & Association.
12. Probabilistic Data Association.
13. Multiple Hypothesis Approaches.
14. Coordinate Conversions.
15. Multiple Sensors.
16. Data Fusion Architectures.
17. Fusion of Data From Multiple Radars.
18. Fusion of Data From Multiple Angle-Only
Sensors.
19. Fusion of Data From Radar and Angle-Only
Sensor.
20. Sensor Alignment.
21. Fusion of Target Type and Attribute Data.
22. Performance Metrics.

What You Will Learn
• State Estimation Techniques – Kalman Filter,
constant-gain filters.
• Non-linear filtering – When is it needed? Extended
Kalman Filter.
• Techniques for angle-only tracking.
• Tracking algorithms, their advantages and
limitations, including:
- Nearest Neighbor
- Probabilistic Data Association
- Multiple Hypothesis Tracking
- Interactive Multiple Model (IMM)
• How to handle maneuvering targets.
• Track initiation – recursive and batch approaches.
• Architectures for sensor fusion.
• Sensor alignment – Why do we need it and how do
we do it?
• Attribute Fusion, including Bayesian methods,
Dempster-Shafer, Fuzzy Logic.



Columbia, Maryland
Summary
This three-day course covers the algorithms used to
locate a stationary RF signal source, such as a radar,
radio, or cell phone. The topics covered include: a
review of vectors, matrices, and probability; linear
estimation and Kalman filters; nonlinear estimation and
extended Kalman filters; robust estimation; data
association; measurement models for direction of
arrival, time difference of arrival, and frequency
difference of arrival; geo-location algorithms;
performance analysis. Most of the course material is
developed in planar Cartesian coordinates for
simplicity; however, the extension to WGS84
coordinates is provided to equip the students for
practical applications.

Instructor
Michael T. Grabbe is a Senior Staff Member in the
Weapon and Targeting Systems Group
at the Johns Hopkins University Applied
Physics Laboratory. He has 20 years of
experience working in the areas of
ground emitter geo-location, target
tracking, signal processing, and missile
navigation. Prior to joining APL, he
worked in these areas at L-3 Communications,
Raytheon Missile Systems, and Texas Instruments. He
received a B.S. degree in Engineering from the U.S.
Naval Academy, an M.S. degree in Electrical
Engineering from Southern Methodist University, an
M.S. degree in Applied Mathematics from the
University of Arkansas, and a Ph.D. in Mathematical
Sciences from Clemson University. He holds three
geo-location and tracking algorithm patents and is a
Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers.

$1890

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline
1. Overview of geo-location systems.
2. Vectors and matrices.
3. Probability and statistics.
4. Linear estimation.
5. Optimal estimation.
6. Robust estimation.
7. Recursive estimation and Kalman filters.
8. Nonlinear estimation and extended
Kalman filters.
9. Data association.
10. Measurement models for DOA, TDOA,
FDOA.
11. Geo-location algorithms.
12. Geo-location performance analysis.
13. Geo-location in WGS84 coordinates.

What You Will Learn
• Solve estimation problems using both batch
processing and recursive algorithms.
• Develop mathematical models of quantities typically
used for geo-location, such as Direction of Arrival
(DOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), and
Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA).
• Predict geo-location performance for a given
sensor-signal source geometry.


Vol. 116 – 35

Modern Radar - Principles
May 12-15, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1940

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary

This 4-day course provides basic radar principles, radar
phenomenology, subsystems, functions, and modes of
operations, including ground and airborne search, track, and
ground mapping. We cover transmitters, antennas receivers
and signal processing, including adaptive techniques, clutter
filtering, thresholding and detection, and data processing
including radar tracking. We focus on modern challenges,
evolving requirements, and supporting technological
development, including radar stability and dynamic range,
solid state active arrays, active array auto-calibration,
synthetic wideband for high range resolution, and modern
waveform technologies. We also cover radar modeling and
simulation and their roles in various stages of the radar
lifecycle.

Instructor

Dr. Menachem Levitas received his BS, maxima cum
laude, from the University of Portland
and his Ph.D. from the University of
Virginia in 1975, both in physics. He has
forty one years experience in science
and engineering, thirty three of which in
radar systems analysis, design,
development, and testing for the Navy,
Air Force, Marine Corps, and FAA. His
experience encompasses many ground based,
shipboard, and airborne radar systems. He has been
technical lead on many radar efforts including
Government source selection teams. He is the author
of multiple radar based innovations and is a recipient of
the Aegis Excellence Award for his contribution toward
the AN/SPY-1 high range resolution (HRR)
development. For many years, prior to his retirement in
2011, he had been the chief scientist of Technology
Service Corporation / Washington. He continues to
provide radar technical support under consulting
agreements.

Course Outline
1. Radar Fundamentals. Electromagnetic radiations, frequency,
transmission and reception, waveforms, PRF, minimum range, range
resolution and bandwidth, scattering, target cross-section, reflectivities,
scattering statistics, polarimetric scattering, measurement accuracies,
basic radar operating modes.
2. The Radar Range Equation. Development of the simple twoways range equation, signal-to-noise, losses, the search equation,
inclusion of clutter and broad noise jamming.
3. Radar Propagation in the Earth troposphere. Classical
propagation regions in the vicinity of the Earth’s surface (interference,
diffraction, and intermediate), multipath phase and amplitude effects, the
Pattern Propagation Factor (PPF), detection contours, frequency height,
polarization, and antenna pattern effects, atmospheric refraction,
atmospheric attenuation, anomalous propagation, modeling tools.
4. Workshop. Solid angle, antenna beamwidths, directive gain,
illumination function, pattern, and examples, the radar range equation
development, system losses, atmospheric absorption, the Pattern
Propagation Factor, the Blake chart, and examples.
5. Noise in Receiving Systems. Thermal noise and temperature,
bandwidth and matched filter, the receiver chain, the detection point,
active and passive transducers, noise figure and losses, the referral
principle and its relation to gains and losses, effective noise
temperature, the system’s noise temperature.
6. Radar Detection Principles. Thermal noise statistics, relations
among voltage, amplitude, and power statistics, false alarm time, false
alarm number, probability of false alarm (PFA) and the detection
threshold, the detection probability, detection of non-fluctuating targets,
the Swerling models of target fluctuation statistics, detection of
fluctuating targets, pulse integration options, the significance of
frequency diversity.
7. The Radar Subsystems. Transmitter, antenna, receiver and
signal processor ( Pulse Compression and Doppler filtering principles,
automatic detection with adaptive detection threshold, the CFAR
mechanism, sidelobe blanking angle estimation), the radar control
program and data processor.
8. Modern Signal Processing and Clutter Filtering Principles.
Functional block diagram, Adaptive cancellation and STAP, pulse
editing, pulse compression, clutter and Doppler filtering, moving target
indicator (MTI), pulse Doppler (PD) filtering, dependence on signal
stability.
9. Modern Advances in Waveforms. Pulse Compression
(fundamentals, figures of merit, codes description, optimal codes and
TSC’s state of the art capabilities), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
radar.
10. Electronically Scanned Antenna. Fundamental concepts,
directivity and gain, elements and arrays, near and far field radiation,
element factor and array factor, illumination function and Fourier
transform relations, beamwidth approximations, array tapers and

36 – Vol. 116

sidelobes, electrical dimension and errors, array bandwidth, steering
mechanisms, grating lobes, phase monopulse, beam broadening,
examples.
11. Solid State Active Phased Arrays. What are solid state active
arrays (SSAA), what advantages do they provide, emerging
requirements that call for SSAA (or AESA), SSAA issues at T/R module,
array, and system levels.
12. Auto-calibration of Active Phased Arrays. Driving issues,
types of calibration, auto-calibration via elements mutual coupling,
principal issues with calibration via mutual-coupling, some properties of
the different calibration techniques.
13. Radar Tracking. Functional block diagram, what is radar
tracking, firm track initiation and range, track update, track maintenance,
algorithmic alternatives (association via single or multiple hypotheses,
tracking filters options), role of electronically steered arrays in radar
tracking.
14. Airborne Radar. Radar bands and their implications, pulse
repetition frequency (PRF) categories and their properties, clutter
spectrum, dynamic range, iso-ranges and iso-Dops, altitude line,
sidelobe blanking, mainbeam clutter blindness and ambiguities, clutter
filtering using TACCAR and DPCA, ambiguity resolution, post detection
STC.
15. Synthetic Aperture Radar. Principles of high resolution, radar
vs. optical imaging, real vs. synthetic aperture, real beam limitations,
simultaneous vs. sequential operation, derivations of focused array
resolution, unfocused arrays, motion compensation, range-gate drifting,
synthetic aperture modes: real-beam mapping, strip mapping, and
spotlighting, waveform restrictions, processing throughputs, synthetic
aperture ‘monopulse’ concepts.
16. High Range Resolution via Synthetic Wideband. Principle of
high range resolution – instantaneous and synthetic, synthetic wideband
generation, grating lobes and instantaneous band overlap, cross-band
dispersion, cross-band calibration, examples.
17. Adaptive Cancellation and STAP. Adaptive cancellation
overview, broad vs. directive auxiliary patterns, sidelobe vs. mainbeam
cancellation, bandwidth and arrival angle dependence, tap delay lines,
space sampling, and digital arrays, range Doppler response example,
space-time adaptive processing (STAP), system and array
requirements, STAP processing alternatives, degrees of freedom,
transmit null-casting techniques.
18. Radar Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals. Radar
development and testing issues that drive the need for M&S, purpose,
types of simulations – power domain, signal domain, H/W in the loop,
modern simulation framework tools, examples: power domain (TCE),
signal domain (SGP), antenna array (MAARSIM), fire finding (FFPEM).
19. Key Radar Challenges and Advances. Key radar challenges,
key advances (transmitter, antenna, signal stability, digitization and
digital processing, waveforms, algorithms).


Propagation Effects of Radar & Communication Systems
Course Outline

April 8-10, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary

This three-day course examines the atmospheric
effects that influence the propagation characteristics of
radar and communication signals at microwave and
millimeter frequencies for both earth and earth-satellite
scenarios. These include propagation in standard,
ducting, and subrefractive atmospheres, attenuation
due to the gaseous atmosphere, precipitation, and
ionospheric effects. Propagation estimation techniques
are given such as the Tropospheric Electromagnetic
Parabolic Equation Routine (TEMPER) and Radio
Physical Optics (RPO). Formulations for calculating
attenuation due to the gaseous atmosphere and
precipitation for terrestrial and earth-satellite scenarios
employing International Tele-communication Union
(ITU) models are reviewed. Case studies are
presented from experimental line-of-sight, over-thehorizon, and earth-satellite communication systems.
Example problems, calculation methods, and
formulations are presented throughout the course for
purpose of providing practical estimation tools.

Instructor

G. Daniel Dockery received the B.S. degree in
physics and the M.S. degree in electrical
engineering from Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University. Since
joining The Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL)
in 1983, he has been active in the areas
of modeling EM propagation in the
troposphere as well as predicting the
impact of the environment on radar and
communications systems. Mr. Dockery is a principalauthor of the propagation and surface clutter models
currently used by the Navy for high-fidelity system
performance analyses at frequencies from HF to KaBand.

1. Fundamental Propagation Phenomena.
Introduction to basic propagation concepts including
reflection, refraction, diffraction and absorption.
2. Propagation in a Standard Atmosphere.
Introduction to the troposphere and its constituents.
Discussion of ray propagation in simple atmospheric
conditions and explanation of effective-earth radius
concept.
3. Non-Standard (Anomalous) Propagation.
Definition of subrefraction, supperrefraction and
various types of ducting conditions. Discussion of
meteorological processes giving rise to these different
refractive conditions.
4. Atmospheric Measurement / Sensing
Techniques. Discussion of methods used to determine
atmospheric refractivity with descriptions of different
types of sensors such as balloonsondes,
rocketsondes, instrumented aircraft and remote
sensors.
5. Quantitative Prediction of Propagation Factor
or Propagation Loss. Various methods, current and
historical for calculating propagation are described.
Several models such as EREPS, RPO, TPEM,
TEMPER and APM are examined and contrasted.
6. Propagation
Impacts
on
System
Performance. General discussions of enhancements
and degradations for communications, radar and
weapon systems are presented. Effects covered
include radar detection, track continuity, monopulse
tracking accuracy, radar clutter, and communication
interference and connectivity.
7. Degradation of Propagation in the
Troposphere. An overview of the contributors to
attenuation in the troposphere for terrestrial and earthsatellite communication scenarios.
8. Attenuation Due to the Gaseous Atmosphere.
Methods for determining attenuation coefficient and
path attenuation using ITU-R models.
9. Attenuation Due to Precipitation. Attenuation
coefficients and path attenuation and their dependence
on rain rate. Earth-satellite rain attenuation statistics
from which system fade-margins may be designed.
ITU-R estimation methods for determining rain
attenuation statistics at variable frequencies.
10. Ionospheric
Effects
at
Microwave
Frequencies. Description and formulation for Faraday
rotation, time delay, range error effects, absorption,
dispersion and scintillation.
11. Scattering from Distributed Targets.
Received power and propagation factor for bistatic and
monostatic scenarios from atmosphere containing rain
or turbulent refractivity.
12. Line-of-Sight Propagation Effects. Signal
characteristics caused by ducting and extreme
subrefraction. Concurrent meteorological and radar
measurements and multi-year fading statistics.
13. Over-Horizon Propagation Effects. Signal
characteristics caused by tropsocatter and ducting and
relation to concurrent meteorology. Propagation factor
statistics.
14. Errors in Propagation Assessment.
Assessment of errors obtained by assuming lateral
homogeneity of the refractivity environment.


Vol. 116 – 37

Radar 101 / 201
RAdAR 101

RAdAR 201

Fundamentals of Radar

Advances in Modern Radar

April 15, 2014

April 16, 2014

Laurel, Maryland

$700

Laurel, Maryland

(8:30am - 4:00pm)

$700

(8:30am - 4:00pm)



Dr. Menachem Levitas received his BS, maxima cum laude,
from the University of Portland and his Ph.D. from the
University of Virginia in 1975, both in physics. He has forty one
years experience in science and engineering, thirty three of
which in radar systems analysis, design, development, and
testing for the Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and FAA. His
experience encompasses many ground based, shipboard, and
airborne radar systems. He has been technical lead on many

radar efforts including Government source selection teams. He
is the author of multiple radar based innovations and is a
recipient of the Aegis Excellence Award for his contribution
toward the AN/SPY-1 high range resolution (HRR)
development. For many years, prior to his retirement in 2011,
he had been the chief scientist of Technology Service
Corporation / Washington. He continues to provide radar
technical support under consulting agreements.

00

ATTENd EIThEr Or bOTh rAdAr COurSES!
Summary

This concise one-day course is intended for those with
only modest or no radar experience. It provides an
overview with understanding of the physics behind radar,
tools used in describing radar, the technology of radar at
the subsystem level and concludes with a brief survey of
recent accomplish-ments in various applications.

Summary

This one-day course is a supplement to the basic
course Radar 101, and probes deliberately deeper into
selected topics, notably in signal processing to achieve
(generally) finer and finer resolution (in several
dimensions, imaging included) and in antennas wherein
the versatility of the phased array has made such an
impact. Finally, advances in radar's own data processing
- auto-detection, more refined association processes,
and improved auto-tracking - and system wide fusion
processes are briefly discussed.

Course Outline

Course Outline

1. Introduction. The general nature of radar:
composition, block diagrams, photos, types and functions
of radar, typical characteristics.
2. The Physics of Radar. Electromagnetic waves and
their vector representation. The spectrum bands used in
radar. Radar waveforms. Scattering. Target and clutter
behavior representations. Propagation: refractivity,
attenuation, and the effects of the Earth surface.
3. The Radar Range Equation. Development from
basic principles. The concepts of peak and average
power, signal and noise bandwidth and the matched filter
concept, antenna aperture and gain, system noise
temperature, and signal detectability.
4. Thermal Noise and Detection in Thermal Noise.
Formation of thermal noise in a receiver. System noise
temperature (Ts) and noise figure (NF). The role of a lownoise amplifier (LNA). Signal and noise statistics. False
alarm probability. Detection thresholds. Detection
probability. Coherent and non-coherent multi-pulse
integration.
5. The sub-systems of Radar. Transmitter (pulse
oscillator vs. MOPA, tube vs. solid state, bottled vs.
distributed architecture), antenna (pattern, gain,
sidelobes, bandwidth), receiver (homodyne vs. super
heterodyne), signal processor (functions, front and backend), and system controller/tracker. Types, issues,
architectures, tradeoff considerations.
5. Current Accomplishments and Concluding
Discussion.

1. Introduction.
Radar’s
development,
the
metamorphosis of the last few decades: analog and digital
technology evolution, theory and algorithms, increased
digitization: multi-functionality, adaptivity to the environment,
higher detection sensitivity, higher resolution, increased
performance in clutter.
2. Modern Signal Processing. Clutter and the Doppler
principle. MTI and Pulse Doppler filtering. Adaptive
cancellation and STAP. Pulse editing. Pulse Compression
processing. Adaptive thresholding and detection. Ambiguity
resolution. Measurement and reporting.
3. Electronic Steering Arrays (ESA): Principles of
Operation. Advantages and cost elements. Behavior with
scan angle. Phase shifters, true time delays (TTL) and array
bandwidth. Other issues.
4. Solid State Active Array (SSAA) Antennas (AESA).
Architecture. Technology. Motivation. Advantages. Increased
array digitization and compatibility with adaptive pattern
applications. Need for in-place auto-calibration and
compensation.
5. Modern Advances in Waveforms. Pulse compression
principles. Performance measures. Some legacy codes.
State-of-the-art optimal codes. Spectral compliance. Temporal
controls. Orthogonal codes. Multiple-input Multiple-output
(MIMO) radar.
6. Data Processing Functions. The conventional
functions of report to track correlation, track initiation, update,
and maintenance. The new added responsibilities of
managing a multi-function array: prioritization, timing,
resource management. The Multiple Hypothesis tracker.

38 – Vol. 116

7. Concluding Discussion. Today’s concern of
mission and theatre uncertainties. Increasing
requirements at constrained size, weight, and cost. Needs
for growth potential. System of systems with data fusion
and multiple communication links.


Radar Systems Design & Engineering
Radar Performance Calculations

Summary

This four-day course covers radar functionality, architecture, and
performance. Fundamental radar issues such as transmitter stability,
antenna pattern, clutter, jamming, propagation, target cross section,
dynamic range, receiver noise, receiver architecture, waveforms,
processing, and target detection are treated in detail within the unifying
context of the radar range equation, and examined within the contexts
of surface and airborne radar platforms and their respective
applications. Advanced topics such as pulse compression,
electronically steered arrays, and active phased arrays are covered,
together with the related issues of failure compensation and autocalibration. The fundamentals of multi-target tracking principles are
covered, and detailed examples of surface and airborne radars are
presented. This course is designed for engineers and engineering
managers who wish to understand how surface and airborne radar
systems work, and to familiarize themselves with pertinent design
issues and the current technological frontiers.

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

What You Will Learn

What are radar subsystems.
How to calculate radar performance.
Key functions, issues, and requirements.
HHow different requirements make radars different.
Operating in different modes & environments.
ESA and AESA radars: what are these technologies, how they work,
what drives them, and what new issues they bring.
Issues unique to multifunction, phased array, radars.
State-of-the-art waveforms and waveform processing.
How airborne radars differ from surface radars.
Today's requirements, technologies & designs.

Course Outline
Day 1 - Part I: Radar and Phenomenology Fundamentals
1. Introduction. Radar systems examples. Radar ranging principles,
frequencies, architecture, measurements, displays, and parameters. Radar
range equation; radar waveforms; antenna patterns, types, and
parameters.
2. Noise in Receiving Systems and Detection Principles. Noise
sources; statistical properties. Radar range equation; false alarm and
detection probability; and pulse integration schemes. Radar cross section;
stealth; fluctuating targets; stochastic models; detection of fluctuating
targets.
3. CW Radar, Doppler, and Receiver Architecture. Basic
properties; CW and high PRF relationships; dynamic range, stability;
isolation requirements, techniques, and devices; superheterodyne
receivers; in-phase and quadrature receivers; signal spectrum; spectral
broadening; matched filtering; Doppler filtering; Spectral modulation; CW
ranging; and measurement accuracy.
4. Radio Waves Propagation. The pattern propagation factor;
interference (multipath,) and diffraction; refraction; standard refractivity; the
4/3 Earth approximation; sub-refractivity; super refractivity; trapping;
propagation ducts; littoral propagation; propagation modeling; attenuation.
5. Radar Clutter and Detection in Clutter. Volume, surface, and
discrete clutter, deleterious clutter effects on radar performance, clutter
characteristics, effects of platform velocity, distributed sea clutter and sea
spikes, terrain clutter, grazing angle vs. depression angle characterization,
volume clutter, birds, Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) thresholding,
editing CFAR, and Clutter Maps.
Day 2 - Part II: Clutter Processing, Waveform, and Waveform Processing
6. Clutter Filtering Principles. Signal-to-clutter ratio; signal and
clutter separation techniques; range and Doppler techniques; principles of
filtering; transmitter stability and filtering; pulse Doppler and MTI; MTD;
blind speeds and blind ranges; staggered MTI; analog and digital filtering;
notch shaping; gains and losses. Performance measures: clutter
attenuation, improvement factor, subclutter visibility, and cancellation ratio.
Improvement factor limitation sources; stability noise sources; composite
errors; types of MTI.
7. Radar Waveforms. The time-bandwidth concept. Pulse
compression; Performance measures; Code families; Matched and
mismatched filters. Optimal codes and code families: multiple constraints.
Performance in the time and frequency domains; Mismatched filters and
their applications; Orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal codes; Multiple-InputMultiple-Output (MIMO) radar; MIMO waveforms and MIMO antenna
patterns.
Part 3: ESA, AESA, and Related Topics
8. Electronically Scanned Radar Systems. Fundamental concepts,
directivity and gain, elements and arrays, near and far field radiation,
element factor and array factor, illumination function and Fourier transform
relations, beamwidth approximations, array tapers and sidelobes, electrical

February 24-27, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland
June 23-26, 2014 • Columbia, Maryland

$1940

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Instructors
Dr. Menachem Levitas received his BS, maxima cum laude, from
the University of Portland and his Ph.D. from the
University of Virginia in 1975, both in physics. He
has forty three years experience in science and
engineering, thirty five of which in radar systems
analysis, design, development, and testing for the
Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and FAA. His
experience encompasses many ground based,
shipboard, and airborne radar systems. He has
been technical lead on many radar efforts including
Government source selection teams. He is the
author of multiple radar based innovations and is a recipient of the
Aegis Excellence Award for his contribution toward the AN/SPY-1 high
range resolution (HRR) development. For many years, prior to his
retirement in 2011, he had been the chief scientist of Technology
Service Corporation / Washington. He continues to provide radar
technical support under consulting agreements.
Stan Silberman is a member of the Senior Technical Staff of the
Applied Physics Laboratory. He has over 30 years of experience in
tracking, sensor fusion, and radar systems analysis and design for the
Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and FAA. Recent work has included the
integration of a new radar into an existing multisensor system and in
the integration, using a multiple hypothesis approach, of shipboard
radar and ESM sensors. Previous experience has included analysis
and design of multiradar fusion systems, integration of shipboard
sensors including radar, IR and ESM, integration of radar, IFF, and
time-difference-of-arrival sensors with GPS data sources, and
integration of multiple sonar systems on underwater platforms.
dimension and errors, array bandwidth, steering mechanisms, grating
lobes, phase monopulse, beam broadening, examples.
9. Active Phased Array Radar Systems. What are solid state active
arrays (SSAA), what advantages do they provide, emerging requirements
that call for SSAA (or AESA), SSAA issues at T/R module, array, and
system levels, digital arrays, future direction.
10. Multiple Simultaneous Beams. Why multiple beams,
independently steered beams vs. clustered beams, alternative organization
of clustered beams and their implications, quantization lobes in clustered
beams arrangements and design options to mitigate them.
Day 3
11. Auto-Calibration Techniques in Active Phased Array Radars:
Motivation; the mutual coupling in a phased array radar; external
calibration reference approach; the mutual coupling approach;
architectural.
12. Module Failure and Array Auto-compensation: The ‘bathtub’
profile of module failure rates and its three regions, burn-in and accelerated
stress tests, module packaging and periodic replacements, cooling
alternatives, effects of module failure on array pattern, array autocompensation techniques to extend time between replacements, need for
recalibration after module replacement.
Part 4: Applications
13. Surface Radar. Principal functions and characteristics, nearness
and extent of clutter, effects of anomalous propagation, the stressing
factors of dynamic range, signal stability, time, and coverage requirements,
transportation requirements and their implications, sensitivity time control
in classical radar, the increasing role of bird/angel clutter and its effects on
radar design, firm track initiation and the scan-back mechanism, antenna
pattern techniques used to obtain partial relief.
14. Airborne Radar. Frequency selection; Platform motion effects;
iso-ranges and iso-Dopplers; antenna pattern effects; clutter; reflection
point; altitude line. The role of medium and high PRF's in lookdown modes;
the three PRF regimes; range and Doppler ambiguities; velocity search
modes, TACCAR and DPCA.)
15. Synthetic Aperture Radar. Principles of high resolution, radar vs.
optical imaging, real vs. synthetic aperture, real beam limitations,
simultaneous vs. sequential operation, derivations of focused array
resolution, unfocused arrays, motion compensation, range-gate drifting,
synthetic aperture modes: real-beam mapping, strip mapping, and
spotlighting, waveform restrictions, processing throughputs, synthetic
aperture 'monopulse' concepts.
Day 4
16. Multiple Target Tracking. Definition of Basic terms. Track
Initiation: Methodology for initiating new tracks; Recursive and batch
algorithms; Sizing of gates for track initiation. M out of N processing. State
Estimation & Filtering: Basic filtering theory. Least-squares filter and
Kalman filter. Adaptive filtering and multiple model methods. Use of
suboptimal filters such as table look-up and constant gain. Correlation &
Association: Correlation tests and gates; Association algorithms;
Probabilistic data association and multiple hypothesis algorithms.


Vol. 116 – 39

Rockets & Missiles - Fundamentals
March 4-6, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This 3-day course provides an overview of
rockets and missiles for government and industry
officials, even those with limited technical
experience in rockets and missiles. It provides a
practical knowledge in rocket and missile issues
and technologies. The seminar provides a
foundation for understanding the issues that must
be decided in the use, regulation and development
of rocket systems of the future. You will learn a wide spectrum of
problems, solutions and choices in the technology of rockets and missile
used for both military and civil purposes.
The seminar is taught to the point-of-view of a decision maker
needing the technical knowledge to make better informed choices in the
multi-discipline world of rockets and missiles. You will learn what you
need to know about how rockets and missiles work, why they are build
the way they are, what they are used for and how they differ from use to
use; how rockets and missiles differ when used as weapons, as launch
vehicles, and in spacecraft or satellites. The objective is to give the
decision maker all the tools needed to understand the available choices,
and to manage or work with other technical experts of different
specialized disciplines.
Attendees will receive a 210-page text book written by Mr. Keith,
covering all the course material in detail, and a complete set of printed
class notes used during the class.

Instructor
Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch Vehicle System
Engineer, specializing in integration of launch
vehicle technology, design, modeling and business
strategies. He is currently an independent
consultant, writer and teacher of rocket system
technology. He is experienced in launch vehicle
operations, design, testing, business analysis, risk
reduction, modeling, safety and reliability. Mr.
Keith’s experience extends to both reusable and
expendable launch vehicles, as well as to solid, liquid and hybrid
rocket systems. Mr. Keith has designed complete rocket engines,
rocket vehicles, small propulsion systems, and composite propellant
tank systems, especially designed for low cost. Mr. Keith has worked
the Space Launch Initiative and the Liquid Fly-Back Booster programs
for Boeing, originated the Scorpius Program for Microcosm, worked on
the Brilliant Eyes and the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor Programs for
Rockwell and worked on the Aerojet Launch Detection Satellite
program. He also has 13-years of government experience including
five years working launch operations at Vandenberg AFB. Mr. Keith
has written 22 technical papers and two textbooks on various aspects
of space transportation over the last two decades.

What You Will Learn
• Fundamentals of rocket and missile systems, functions and
disciplines.
• The full spectrum of rocket systems, uses and technologies.
• Differences in technology between foreign and domestic rocket
systems.
• Fundamentals and uses of solid, liquid and hybrid rocket systems.
• Differences between systems built as weapons and those built for
commerce.

Who Should Attend
• Aerospace Industry Managers.
• Government Regulators, Administrators and sponsors of rocket or
missile projects.
• Engineers of all disciplines supporting rocket and missile projects.
• Contractors or investors involved in missile development.

40 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Fundamentals of Rockets and Missiles: The historic and
practical uses of rocket systems.
2. Classifications of Rockets and Missiles: The classifications
and terminology of all types of rocket and missile systems are defined.
3. Rocket Propulsion made Simple: The chemistry and physics
defining how all rockets and rocket nozzles operate to achieve thrust
is explained. Rocket performance modeling and efficiencies are
introduced.
4. Rocket Flight Environments: The flight environments of
rockets, acceleration, propellant consumption, heating, shock,
vibration, ascent profile and plume phenomenology are explored.
5. Aerodynamics and Winds: The effect of winds, atmospheric
density, pressure and rocket velocity on lift, drag, and dynamic
pressure is explained. Rocket shape, stability and venting
requirements are discussed.
6. Performance Analysis and Staging: The use of low and high
fidelity performance modeling, including performance loss factors, are
defined. Staging theory, performance and practices for multi-stage
rockets are explained.
7. Mass Properties and Propellant Selection: No aspect is
more important, or more often mismanaged, that optimum propellant
selection. The relative importance of specific impulse, bulk density,
bulk temperature, storability, ignition properties, stability, toxicity,
operability, compatibility with materials, ullege requirements, and
special mixtures are defined. Monopropellant and cold gas propellants
are introduced.
8. Introduction to Solid Rocket Motors: The historical and
technological aspects of Solid Rocket Motors is explored to understand
the applications, advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs over other
forms of rockets. Solid rocket materials, propellants, thrust-profiles,
construction, cost advantages and special applications are explained.
9. Fundamentals of Hybrid Rockets: The operation, safety,
technology and Problems associated with hybrid rockets is discussed.
10. Liquid Rocket Engines: Issues of pressure and pump-fed
liquid rocket engines are explained, including injectors, cooling,
chamber construction, pump cycles, ignition and thrust vector control.
11. Introducing the Liquid Rocket Stage: The elements of liquid
rocket stages are introduced, including propellant tank systems,
pressurization, cryogenics, and other structures.
12. Thrust Vector Control (TVC): TVC hardware and alternatives
are explained.
13. Basic Rocket Avionics: Flight electronics elements of
Guidance, Navigation, Control, Communications, Telemetry, Range
Safety and Payloads are defined.
14. Modern Expendable Launch Vehicles: The essence of good
launch vehicle design is explored and defined, with examples of the
American Delta-II and Russian strategy as an alternative.
15. Rockets in Spacecraft Propulsion: The differences in
systems found on spacecraft, operating in microgravity, are examined.
16. Launch Sites and Operations: Understanding of the role and
purpose of launch sites, and the choices available for a launch
operations infrastructure.
17. Useful Orbits & Trajectories Made Simple: A simplified
presentation of orbital mechanics, appropriate for the understanding of
the role of rocket propulsion in orbital trajectories and maneuvers, is
provided to the student.
18. Safety of Rocket Systems: The hazards and mitigations of
inherently hazardous rocket operations are examined.
19. Reliability of Rocket Systems: Reliability issues for rocket
systems, with strategies to improve reliability are explored and
explained.
20. Reusable Launch Vehicle Theory: The student is provided
with an appreciation of why Reusable Launch Vehicles have failed
economically.
21. Rocket Cost Principals and Cases: The student is introduced
to cost estimation methods and cost model systems as a science. An
understanding of why costs are so high is provided, with alternative
strategies from the Soyuz Case to illustrate alternatives to cost
reduction.
22. Chemical Rocket Propulsion Alternatives: Alternatives to
chemical rockets like jets, nuclear or thermal engines, cannons, tethers
and laser weapons.
23. Proliferation of Missile Technology: International Trafficking
in Arms issues.
24. The Future of Rockets and Missiles: A final open discussion
regarding the direction of rocket technology, science, usage and
regulations of rockets. missiles is conducted to close out the class.


Rocket Propulsion 101

Rocket Fundamentals & Up-to-Date Information

Course Outline

March 25-27, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This three-day course is based on the popular text
Rocket Propulsion Elements by Sutton and Biblarz.
The course provides practical knowledge in rocket
propulsion engineering and design technology issues.
It is designed for those needing a more complete
understanding of the complex issues.
The objective is to give the engineer or manager the
tools needed to understand the available choices in
rocket propulsion and/or to manage technical experts
with greater in-depth knowledge of rocket systems.
Attendees will receive a copy of the book Rocket
Propulsion Elements, a disk with practical rocket
equations in Excel, and a set of printed notes covering
advanced additional material.

Instructor
Edward L. Keith is a multi-discipline Launch Vehicle
System Engineer, specializing in
integration of launch vehicle technology,
design, modeling and business
strategies. He is an independent
consultant, writer and teacher of rocket
system technology, experienced in
launch vehicle operations, design,
testing, business analysis, risk reduction, modeling,
safety and reliability. Mr. Keith’s experience includes
reusable & expendable launch vehicles as well as solid
& liquid rocket systems.

Who Should Attend
• Engineers of all disciplines supporting rocket design
projects.
• Aerospace Industry Managers.
• Government Regulators, Administrators and sponsors of
rocket or missile projects.
• Contractors or investors involved in rocket propulsion
development projects.

1. Classification of Rocket Propulsion. Introduction to
the types and classification of rocket propulsion, including
chemical, solid, liquid, hybrid, electric, nuclear and solarthermal systems.
2. Fundaments and Definitions. Introduction to mass
ratios, momentum thrust, pressure balances in rocket
engines, specific impulse, energy efficiencies and
performance values.
3. Nozzle Theory. Understanding the acceleration of
gasses in a nozzle to exchange chemical thermal energy into
kinetic energy, pressure and momentum thrust,
thermodynamic relationships, area ratios, and the ratio of
specific heats. Issues of subsonic, sonic and supersonic
nozzles. Equations for coefficient of thrust, and the effects of
under and over expanded nozzles. Examination of cone&bell
nozzles, and evaluation of nozzle losses.
4. Performance. Evaluation of performance of rocket
stages & vehicles. Introduction to coefficient of drag,
aerodynamic losses, steering losses and gravity losses.
Examination of spaceflight and orbital velocity, elliptical orbits,
transfer orbits, staging theory. Discussion of launch vehicles
and flight stability.
5. Propellant Performance and Density Implications.
Introduction to thermal chemical analysis, exhaust species
shift with mixture ratio, and the concepts of frozen and shifting
equilibrium. The effects of propellant density on mass
properties & performance of rocket systems for advanced
design decisions.
6. Liquid Rocket Engines. Liquid rocket engine
fundamentals, introduction to practical propellants, propellant
feed systems, gas pressure feed systems, propellant tanks,
turbo-pump feed systems, flow and pressure balance, RCS
and OMS, valves, pipe lines, and engine supporting structure.
7. Liquid Propellants. A survey of the spectrum of
practical liquid and gaseous rocket propellants is conducted,
including properties, performance, advantages and
disadvantages.
8. Thrust Chambers. The examination of injectors,
combustion chamber and nozzle and other major engine
elements is conducted in-depth. The issues of heat transfer,
cooling, film cooling, ablative cooling and radiation cooling are
explored. Ignition and engine start problems and solutions are
examined.
9. Combustion. Examination of combustion zones,
combustion instability and control of instabilities in the design
and analysis of rocket engines.
10. Turbopumps. Close examination of the issues of
turbo-pumps, the gas generation, turbines, and pumps.
Parameters and properties of a good turbo-pump design.
11. Solid Rocket Motors. Introduction to propellant grain
design, alternative motor configurations and burning rate
issues. Burning rates, and the effects of hot or cold motors.
Propellant grain configuration with regressive, neutral and
progressive burn motors. Issues of motor case, nozzle, and
thrust termination design. Solid propellant formulations,
binders, fuels and oxidizers.
12. Hybrid Rockets. Applications and propellants used in
hybrid rocket systems. The advantages and disadvantages of
hybrid rocket motors. Hybrid rocket grain configurations /
combustion instability.
13. Thrust Vector Control. Thrust Vector Control
mechanisms and strategies. Issues of hydraulic actuation,
gimbals and steering mechanisms. Solid rocket motor flexbearings. Liquid and gas injection thrust vector control. The
use of vanes and rings for steering..
14. Rocket System Design. Integration of rocket system
design and selection processes with the lessons of rocket
propulsion. How to design rocket systems.
15. Applications and Conclusions. Now that you have
an education in rocket propulsion, what else is needed to
design rocket systems? A discussion regarding the future of
rocket engine and system design.


Vol. 116 – 41

Comprehensive Study of State of the Art Techniques

REVISE
D!

January 21-23, 2014

Course Outline

Columbia, Maryland

1. SDR Introduction. SDR definitions, motivation,
history and evolution. SDR cost vs. benefits and other
tradeoffs. SDR impact on various communication
system components.

April 22-24, 2014
Cleveland, Ohio

$1790

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This 3-day course is designed for digital signal
processing engineers, RF system engineers, and
managers who wish to enhance their understanding of
this rapidly emerging technology. On day one we
present an extensive overview of SDR definitions,
applications, development tools and example products.
On day two we cover basic digital radio concepts, with
emphasis on SDR applications. On day three we tackle
a complete SDR design, from antenna to decoded bits.
Throughout the course, mostly intuitive explanations
take the place of detailed mathematical developments.
The emphasis is on practical “take-away” high level
knowledge. Most topics include carefully described
design
examples,
alternative
approaches,
performance analysis, and references to published
research results. Extensive guidance is provided to
help you get started on practical design and simulation
efforts.. An extensive bibliography is included.

Instructors
Dr. John M Reyland has 20 years of experience in
digital communications design for both
commercial and military applications.
Dr. Reyland holds the degree of Ph.D.
in electrical engineering from the
University of Iowa. He has presented
numerous seminars on digital
communications in both academic and
industrial settings.

What You Will Learn
• New digital communications requirements that drive the SDR
approach.
• SDR standardization attempts, both military and civilian.
• SDR complexity vs. granularity tradeoffs.
• Current digital radio hardware limitations on SDR.
• Many aspects of physical layer digital communications
design and how they relate to SDR.
• The latest software development tools for SDR.
• Practical DSP design techniques for SDR transceivers.
• Possible SDR future directions.
From this course you will understand the SDR approach
to digital radio design and become familiar with current
standards and trends. You will gain extensive insight into
the differences between traditional digital radio design and
the SDR approach. You will be able to evaluate design
approaches for SDR suitability and lead SDR discussions
with colleagues.
42 – Vol. 116

2. Software Communications Architecture
(SCA). Motivation, operational overview and details.
Hardware abstraction concepts used in SCA. SCA
structural components such as domain manager, core
framework, application factory, etc. An example is
presented of how SCA is used to configure a simple
radio system.
3. GNU Radio. SDR application of this block
diagram oriented develop environment. An example is
presented of how GNU Radio is useful for SDR.
4. SDR Examples. SDR application to government
radio
systems,
amateur
radio,
personal
communications systems, etc.
5. Digital Modulation. Linear and non-linear
multilevel modulations. Analysis of advanced
techniques such as OFDM and its application to LTE,
DSL and 802.11a. System design implications of
bandwidth and power efficiency, peak to average
power, error vector magnitude, error probability, etc.
6. RF Channels. Doppler, thermal noise,
interference, slow and fast fading, time and frequency
dispersion, RF spectrum usage, bandwidth
measurement and link budget examples. Multiple
input, multiple output (MIMO) channels.
7. Receiver Channel Equalization. Inter-symbol
interference, group delay, linear and nonlinear
equalization, time and frequency domain equalizers,
Viterbi equalizers.
8. Multiple Access Techniques. Frequency, time
and code division techniques. Carrier sensing, wireless
sensor networks, throughput calculations.
9. Source and Channel Coding. Shannon’s
theorem, sampling, entropy, data compression, voice
coding, block and convolution coding, turbo coding.
10. Receiver Analog Signal Processing. RF
conversion structures for SDR, frequency planning,
automatic gain control, high speed analog to digital
conversion techniques and bandpass sampling. An
example is presented of an SDR radio front end that
supports rapid reconfiguration for multiple signal
formats.
11. Receiver Digital Signal Processing.
Quadrature downconversion, processing gain, packet
synchronization, Doppler estimation, automatic gain
control, carrier and symbol estimation and tracking,
coherent vs. noncoherent demodulation. An example is
presented of SDR digital control over an FPGA
implementation.


Solid Rocket Motor Design and Applications
For onsite presentations, course can be tailored
to specific SrM applications and technologies.

Summary
This three-day course provides an overall look - with
increasing levels of details-at solid rocket motors (SRMs)
including a general understanding of solid propellant motor
and component technologies, design drivers; motor internal
ballistic parameters and combustion phenomena; sensitivity
of system performance requirements on SRM design,
reliability, and cost; insight into the physical limitations;
comparisons to liquid and hybrid propulsion systems; a
detailed review of component design and analysis; critical
manufacturing process parameters; transportation and
handling, and integration of motors into launch vehicles and
missiles. General approaches used in the development of
new motors. Also discussed is the importance of employing
formal systems engineering practices, for the definition of
requirements, design and cost trade studies, development
of technologies and associated analyses and codes used to
balance customer and manufacturer requirements,
All types of SRMs are included, with emphasis on current
motos for commercial and DoD/NASA launch vehicles such
as LM Athena series, OSC GMD, Pegasus and Taurus
series, MDA SM-3 series,strap-on motors for the Delta
series, Titan V, and Ares / Constellation vehicle. The use of
surplus military motors (Minuteman, Peacekeeper, etc.) for
target and sensor development and university research is
discussed. The course also introduces nano technologies
(nano carbon fiber) and their potential use for NASA’s deep
space missions.

Instructor
Richard Lee Lee has more than 45 years in the
space and missile industry. He was a Senior Program
Mgr. at Thiokol, instrumental in the development of the
Castor 120 SRM. His experience includes managing
the development and qualification of DoD SRM
subsystems and components for the Small ICBM,
Peacekeeper and other R&D programs. Mr. Lee has
extensive experience in SRM performance and
interface requirements at all levels in the space and
missile industry. He has been very active in
coordinating functional and physical interfaces with the
commercial spaceports in Florida, California, and
Alaska. He has participated in developing safety
criteria with academia, private industry and
government agencies (USAF SMC, 45th Space Wing
and Research Laboratory; FAA/AST; NASA
Headquarters and NASA centers; and the Army Space
and Strategic Defense Command. He has also
consulted with launch vehicle contractors in the design,
material selection, and testing of SRM propellants and
components. Mr. Lee has a MS in Engineering
Administration and a BS in EE from the University of
Utah.

What You Will Learn
• Solid rocket motor principles and key requirements.
• Motor design drivers and sensitivity on the design,
reliability, and cost.
• Detailed propellant and component design features
and characteristics.
• Propellant and component manufacturing processes.
• SRM/Vehicle interfaces, transportation, and handling
considerations.
• Development approach for qualifying new SRMs.

April 15-17, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Introduction to Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs). SRM
terminology and nomenclature, survey of types and
applications of SRMs, and SRM component description and
characteristics.
2. SRM Design and Applications. Fundamental principles
of SRMs, key performance and configuration parameters
such as total impulse, specific impulse, thrust vs. motor
operating time, size constraints; basic performance
equations, internal ballistic principles, preliminary approach
for designing SRMs; propellant combustion characteristics
(instability, burning rate), limitations of SRMs based on the
laws of physics, and comparison of solid to liquid propellant
and hybrid rocket motors.
3. Definition of SRM Requirements. Impact of
customer/system imposed requirements on design, reliability,
and cost; SRM manufacturer imposed requirements and
constraints based on computer optimization codes and
general engineering practices and management philosophy.
4. SRM Design Drivers and Technology Trade-Offs.
Identification and sensitivity of design requirements that affect
motor design, reliability, and cost. Understanding of ,
interrelationship of performance parameters, component
design trades versus cost and maturity of technology;
exchange ratios and Rules of Thumb used in back-of-the
envelope preliminary design evaluations.
5. Key SRM Component Design Characteristics and
Materials. Detailed description and comparison of
performance parameters and properties of solid propellants
including composite (i.e., HTPB, PBAN, and CTPB), nitroplasticized composites, and double based or cross-linked
propellants and why they are used for different motor and/or
vehicle objectives and applications; motor cases, nozzles,
thrust vector control & actuation systems; motor igniters, and
other initiation and flight termination electrical and ordnance
systems..
6. SRM Manufacturing/Processing Parameters.
Description of critical manufacturing operations for propellant
mixing, propellant loading into the SRM, propellant inspection
and acceptance testing, and propellant facilities and tooling,
and SRM components fabrication.
7. SRM Transportation and Handling Considerations.
General understanding of requirements and solutions for
transporting, handling, and processing different motor sizes
and DOT propellant explosive classifications and licensing
and regulations.
8. Launch Vehicle Interfaces, Processing and
Integration. Key mechanical, functional, and electrical
interfaces between the SRM and launch vehicle and launch
facility. Comparison of interfaces for both strap-on and straight
stack applications.
9. SRM Development Requirements and Processes.
Approaches and timelines for developing new SRMs.
Description of a demonstration and qualification program for
both commercial and government programs. Impact of
decisions regarding design philosophy (state-of-the-art versus
advanced technology) and design safety factors. Motor sizing
methodology and studies (using computer aided design
models). Customer oversight and quality program. Motor cost
reduction approaches through design, manufacturing, and
acceptance. Castor 120 motor development example.


Vol. 116 – 43

Synthetic Aperture Radar
Fundamentals

Advanced



May 5-6, 2014

May 7-8, 2014

Chantilly, Virginia

Chantilly, Virginia

Denver, Colorado

$1140
•
•
•
•
•

Denver, Colorado

$1140

(8:30am - 4:00pm)

What You Will Learn

Basic radar concepts and principles.
SAR imaging and approaches to SAR processing.
Basic SAR system engineering and design tradeoffs.
Survey of existing SAR systems.
Coherent and Non-Coherent SAR Exploitation including
basic interferometry,

•
•
•
•
•

(8:30am - 4:00pm)

What You Will Learn

SAR system design and performance estimation.
Interactive SAR design session illustrating design tradeoffs.
SAR Polarimetry.
Advanced SAR Interferometry including PS InSAR.
Survey of future applications and system.

Instructor

Mr. Richard Carande is the President, CEO and co-founder of a consulting firm located in Boulder Colorado that specializes
in SAR and SAR exploitation technologies. Prevously, Mr. Carande was the Vice President and Director of Advanced Radar
Technologies at Vexcel Corporation. From 1986 to 1995 Mr. Carande was a group leader for a SAR processor development group
at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena California). There he was involved in developing an operational SAR processor for
the JPL/NASA’s three-frequency, fully polarimetric AIRSAR system. Mr. Carande also worked as a System Engineer for the Alaska
SAR Processor while at JPL, and performed research in the area of SAR Along-Track Interferometry. Before starting at JPL, Mr.
Carande was employed by a technology company in California where he developed optical and digital SAR processors for internal
research applications. Mr. Carande has a BS & MS in Physics from Case Western Reserve University.

Course Outline

Course Outline

1. Fundamentals of Radar. This portion of the course will provide
a background in radar fundamentals that are necessary for the
understanding and appreciation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and
products derived from it. We will first review the history of radar
technology and applications, and introduce some fundamental
elements common to all radar systems. The student will learn how
basic ranging radar systems operate, why a chirp pulse is commonly
used, the Radar Range Equation and radar backscattering. We will
also discuss common (and uncommon) radar frequencies
(wavelengths) and their unique characteristics, and why one frequency
might be preferred over another. A high-level description of radar
polarization will also be presented.
2. SAR Imaging. An overview of how SAR systems operate will be
introduced. We will discuss airborne systems and spaceborne systems
and describe unique considerations for each. Stripmap, spotlight and
scanSAR operating modes will be presented. The advantages of each
mode will be described. A description of SAR image characteristics
including fore-shortening, layover and shadow will be shown. Range
and azimuth ambiguities will be presented and techniques for
mitigating them explained. Noise sources will be presented. Equations
that control system performance will be presented including resolution,
ambiguity levels, and sensitivity. Approaches to SAR image formation
will be described including optical image formation and digital image
formation. Algorithms such as polar formatting, seismic migration,
range-Doppler and time-domain algorithms will be discussed.
3. Existing and future SAR systems. We will describe the suite
of SAR systems currently operating. These will include all of the
commercial spaceborne SAR systems as well as common airborne
systems. Key features and advantages of each system will be
described. A description of upcoming SAR missions will be provided.
4. SAR Image Exploitation. In this section of the class a number
of SAR exploitation algorithms will be presented. The techniques
described in this session rely on interpretation of detected images and
are applied to both defense and scientific applications. A high-level
description of polarimetric SAR will be presented and the unique
capabilities it brings for new applications. (More polarimetry detail can
be found in the ATI Advanced SAR course.)
5. Coherent SAR Exploitation. The coherent nature of SAR
imagery will be described and several ways to exploit this unique
characteristic will be presented. We will discuss the “importance of
phase,” and show how this leads to incredible sensitivities. Coherent
change detection will be described as well as basic interferometric
applications for measuring elevation or centimeter-level ground
motion. (More detail on interferometry can be found in the ATI
Advanced SAR course.)

1. SAR Review. A brief review of SAR technology, capabilities and
terminology will set the stage for this Advanced SAR Class.
2. SAR System Engineering and Performance Prediction. The
factors that control the quality of SAR imagery produced from a given
system will be developed and presented. This includes noiseequivalent sigma zero (sensitivity) calculations, trade-offs in terms of
resolution verses coverage, and the impact of hardware selection
including radar echo quantization (ADCs), antenna area and gain.
Parameters that affect PRF selection will be described and a
nomogrammatic approach for PRF selection will be presented.
Specialized techniques to improve SAR performance will be described.
3. Design-A-SAR. Using an ideal implementation of the radar
equation, we will design a simplified SAR system and predict its
performance. During this interactive session, the students will select
radar “requirements” including radar frequency, coverage, resolution,
data rate, sensitivity, aperture size and power; and the system
performance will be determined. This interactive presentation of design
trade-offs will clearly illustrate the challenges involved in building a
realistic SAR system.
4. SAR Polarimetry. We will first review polarimetric SAR principles
and described single-pol, dual-pol and quad-pol SAR systems and how
they operate. Hybrid and compact polarimetry will also be described.
Polarization basis will be presented and we will discuss why one basis
may be more useful than another for a particular application.
Examples of using polarimetric data for performing SAR image
segmentation and classification will be presented including
decomposition approaches such as Cloud, Freeman-Durden and
Yamaguchi. Polarimetric Change detection will be introduced.
5. Advance SAR Interferometry. Techniques that exploit mutually
coherent acquisitions of SAR data will be presented. We will first
review two-pass interferometric SAR for elevation mapping and land
movement measurements. This will be expanded to using multiple
observations for obtaining time series results. Model-based methods
that exploit redundant information for extracting unknown tropospheric
phase errors and other unknown noise sources will be presented (e.g.
Permanent Scatterer Interferometry). Examples of these data products
will be provided, and a description of new exploitation products that
can be derived will be presented.
6. Future and potential applications and systems. A survey of
current work going on in the SAR community will be presented, and
indications as to where this may lead in the future. This will include an
overview of recent breakthroughs in system design and operations,
image/signal processing, processing hardware, exploitation, data
collection and fusion.

44 – Vol. 116


Tactical Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) System Engineering
Overview of leading-edge, ISR system-of-systems

Summary
This three-day course addresses System Engineering
aspects associated with Intelligence, Surveillance &
Reconnaissance (ISR) programs and. Application to
security, target acquisition and tracking, terminal guidance
for weapon systems, and seamless integration of
distributed sensor heterogeneous systems with intuitive
situational display is provided. The course is designed for
the lead engineers; systems engineers, researchers,
program managers, and government directors who desire
a framework to solve the competing objectives relating to
ISR & security missions relating to regional force
protection, asset monitoring, and/or targeting. The course
presents an overview of tactical scale ISR systems (and
missions), requirements definition and tracking, and
provides technical descriptions relating to underlying
sensor technologies, ISR platform integration (e.g., UAVbased sensor systems), and measures of system
performance with emphasis on system integration & test
issues. Examples are given throughout the conduct of the
course to allow for knowledgeable assessment of sensor
systems, ISR platform integration, data exfiltration and
network connectivity, along with discussion of the
emerging integration of sensors with situational analyses
(including sensor web enablement), application of open
geospatial standards (OGC), and attendant enabling
capabilities (consideration of sensor modalities, adaptive
processing of data, and system “impact” considerations).
Strategic and classified ISR aspects are not presented
within this unclassified course.

What You Will Learn

• How to analyze and implement ISR & security concerns
and requirements with a comprehensive, state-of-theart ISR system response.
• Understanding limitations and major issues associated
with ISR systems.
• ISR & security requirement development and tracking
pertaining to tactical ISR systems, how to audit top-level
requirements to system element implementations.
• Sensor technologies and evaluation techniques for
sensor modalities including: imagers (EO/IR), radar,
laser radar, and other sensor modalities associated with
tactical ISR missions.
• Data communications architecture and networks; how to
manage the distributed ISR assets and exfiltrate the
vital data and data.
• ISR system design objectives and key performance
parameters.
• Situational analyses and associated common operating
display approaches; how best to interact with human
decision makers.
• Integration of multi-modal data to form comprehensive
situational awareness.
• Emerging standards associated with sensor integration
and harmonization afforded via sensor web enablement
technology.
• Examples of effective tactical ISR systems.
• Tools to support evaluation of ISR components,
systems, requirements verification (and validation), and
effective deployment and maintenance.
• Modeling & simulation approaches to ISR requirements
definition and responsive ISR system design(s); how to
evaluate aspects of an ISR system prior to deployment
and even prior to element development – how to find the
ISR “gaps”.

March 18-20, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Instructor
Timothy D. Cole is president of a consulting firm. Mr.
Cole has developed sensor & data
exfiltration solutions employing EO/IR
sensors with augmentation using low-cost
wireless sensor nets. He has worked several
sensor system programs that addressed ISR
including military-based cuing of sensors,
intelligence gathering, first responders, and
border protection. Mr. Cole holds multiple
degrees in Electrical Engineering as well as in
Technical Management. He has been awarded the NASA
Achievement Award and was a Technical Fellow at Northrop
Grumman. He has authored over 25 papers associated with
ISR sensors, signal processing, and modeling.

Course Outline
1. Overview of ISR Systems. including definitions,
approaches, and review of existing unclassified systems.
2. Requirement Development, Tracking, and
Responsive Design Implementation(s).
3. Real-time Data Processing Functionality.
4. Data Communication Systems for Tactical ISR.
5. ISR Functionality. Target acquisition and tracking,
including ATR. Target classification. Targeting systems
(e.g., laser-guided ordnance).
6. Tactical ISR Asset Platforms. Air-based (includes
UAVs). Ground-based. Vehicle-based.
7. Sensor Technologies, Capabilities, Evaluation
Criteria, and Modeling Approach. Electro-optical
imagers (EO/IR). Radar (including ultrawideband, UWB).
Laser radar. Biochemical sensing. Acoustic monitoring. Ad
hoc wireless sensor nodes (WSN). Application of sensor
modalities to ISR. Tagging, tracking & Locating targets of
interest (TTL). Non-cooperative target identification
(NCID).
8. Concurrent Operation and Cross-correlation of
ISR Sensor Data Products to Form Comprehensive
Evaluation of Current Status.
9. Test & Evaluation Approach.
10. Human Systems Integration and Human Factors
Test & Evaluation.
11. Modeling & Simulation of ISR System
Performance.
12. Service Oriented Architectures and IP
Convergence. Sensor web enablement. Use of metadata.
Sensor harmonization. Re-use and cooperative integration
of ISR assets.
13. Situational Analysis and Display. Standardization.
Heuristic manipulation of ISR system operation and
dataflow/processing.
14. Case
Studies:
Tactical
ISR
System
Implementation and Evaluation.


Vol. 116 – 45

Hampton, Virginia

April 22-24 2014
Dayton, Ohio

$1845

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
This three-day short course covers the design of
unmanned air vehicles. The course will cover the
history and classes of UAVs, requirement definition,
command and control concepts and UAV aircraft
design. It provides first-hand understanding of the
entire design and development process for unmanned
vehicles from their involvement in the DARPA MAV
development and as the lead for the Army’s Brigade
Combat Team Modernization Class I, Increment Two
vehicle. The instructor is currently working towards first
flight and was a key contributor to requirements
development, conceptual design, design optimization.
UAV’s history will be covered and the lessons
learned and the breadth of the design space. UAV’s are
and will be key components of aviation. From the nano
sized flapping vehicles to the extreme duration of high
altitude surveillance vehicles.
Each student will be provided a hard copy of the
presentations and the text book, Fundamentals of
Aircraft and Airship Design: Volume I -Aircraft Design,
by Leland M. Nicolai.

Instructor
Mr. Paul Gelhausen is Founder, Managing Member
and Chief Technical Officer of an aerospace company.
He holds a B.S. and M.S. degrees in Aerospace
Engineering from the University of Michigan and
Stanford University, respectively. Mr. Gelhausen
provides technical managerial leadership in design,
simulation, and testing of advanced ducted fan vehicle
configurations as well as providing technical and
managerial leadership in the definition of future vehicle
requirements to satisfy mission scenarios, functional
decomposition, concept development and detailed
systems and technology analysis. Prior to founding the
company Mr. Gelhausen was a former NASA Langley
Engineer where he led the configuration design,
aerodynamic design and aerodynamic validation
elements of the multi-center Mars Airplane Program
including requirements generation, technical
specifications,analysis planning, test planning and
overall management.
46 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Introduction.
• Brief history of UAV’s "How did toys become
useful?"
• Classes of UAV’s
• Fixed Wing
• Rotary Wing / VTOL
• Micro
2. UAV Requirements Definition.
• Operational Concepts
• Mission definition
• Requirements Flow-down
3. Command and Control Concepts.
• Ground based operation
• Autonomous operation
• Systems and subsystems definition
• System Safety and Reliability Concerns
4. UAV Aircraft Design.
• Configuration
• Aerodynamics
• Propulsion and propulsion system integration
concepts
• Structures
• Performance
• Flight Controls and Handling Qualities
• Operational influences on control strategies
• Vehicle analysis & how it affects control strategies
• Make sure you have enough sensor bandwidth
• Making sure you have enough control surfaces /
power / bandwidth (choosing an actuator)
• Gust rejection and trajectory performance driven by
5. Case study Examples.
• Case study 1: Large turbine design
• Case study 2: Small piston engine design
• Cost Analysis
• Development
• Manufacturing
• Operations
• Disposal
• Design Tools
• Design Optimization

What You Will Learn
• UAV design is not a simple task that can be fully
learned in a short time, however, the scope of the
problem can be outlined.
• The design process is similar to any aircraft design,
but there are unique tasks involved in replacing the
intelligence of the pilot.
• The long history of UAV’s and the breadth of the
design space will be covered.
• Lessons learned from experience and by
observation will be shared in the course.
• We will cover the tools and techniques that are
used to make design decisions and modifications.
• Representative practical examples of UAV will be
presented.


Unmanned Aircraft System Fundamentals
Design, Airspace Integration & Future Capabilities

Summary
This 3-day, classroom instructional program is
designed to meet the needs of engineers, researchers
and operators. The participants will gain a working
knowledge of UAS system classification, payloads,
sensors, communications and data links. You will learn
the current regulation for small UAS operation
The principles of UAS conceptual design and
human factors design considerations are described.
The requirements and airspace issues for integrating
UAS into civilian National Airspace is covered in detail.
The need to improve reliability using redundancy and
fault tolerant control systems is discussed. Multiple
roadmaps are used to illustrate future UAS mission s.
Alternative propulsion systems with solar and fuel cell
energy sources and multiple UAS swarming are
presented as special topics.
Each attendee will also receive a copy of Dr.
LeMieux’s textbook Introduction to Unmanned
Systems: Air, Ground, Sea & Space: Technologies &
Commercial Applications (Vol. 1).

Instructor
Dr (Col Ret) Jerry LeMieux, President of Unmanned
Vehicle University, has over 40 years and
10,000 hours of aviation experience. He
has over 30 years of experience in
operations, program management,
systems engineering, R&D and test and
evaluation for AEW, fighter and tactical
data link acquisition programs. As the
Network Centric Systems Wing
Commander he led 1,300 personnel and managed 100
network and data link acquisition programs with a five year
portfolio valued at more than $22 billion. In civilian life he
consults for the US FAA, Air Force, Army, Navy, NASA and
DARPA. He holds a PhD in electrical engineering and is a
graduate of Air War College and Defense Acquisition
University. He has over 20 years of academic experience
at MIT, Boston University, University of Maryland, Daniel
Webster College and Embry Riddle Aeronautical
University. Dr LeMieux is a National expert on sense and
avoid systems for UAVs and is working with FAA & RTCA
to integrate UAS into National Airspace.

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

What You Will Learn

Definitions, Concepts & General UAS Principles.
Types, Classification and Civilian Roles.
Characteristics of UAS Sensors.
UAS Communications and Data Links.
NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4586.
Alternatives to GPS and INS Navigation.
Need for Regulation and Problems with Airspace
Integration.
Ground and Airborne Sense & Avoid Systems.
Lost Link and ATC Communication/Management
Procedures.
Principles of UAS Design & Alternative Power.
Improving Reliability with Fault Tolerant Control Systems.
Principles of Autonomous Control & Alternative Navigation.
Future Capabilities Including Space Transport, Hypersonic,
UCAS, Pseudo-satellites and Swarming.

Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline
1. UAS Basics. Definition, attributes, manned vs unmanned, design
considerations, life cycle costs, architecture, components, air vehicle,
payload, communications, data link, ground control station.
2. UAS Types & Civilian Roles. Categories/Classification, UK & International classifications, law enforcement, disaster relief, fire detection & assessment, customs & border patrol, nuclear inspection.
3. UAS Sensors & Characteristics: Sensor Acquisition, Electro Optical (EO), Infrared (IR), Multi Spectral Imaging (MSI), Hyper Spectral Imaging (HSI), Light Detection & Ranging (LIDAR), Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR), Atmospheric Weather Effects, Space Weather Effects.
4. Alternative Power: Solar and Fuel Cells: The Need for Alternative Propulsion for UAS, Alternative Power Trends & Forecast, Solar
Cells & Solar Energy, Solar Aircraft Challenges, Solar Wing Design, Past
Solar Designs, Energy Storage Methods & Density, Fuel Cell Basics &
UAS Integration, Fuel Cells Used in Current Small UAS, Hybrid Power.
5. Communications & Data Links. Current State of Data Links,
Future Data Link Needs, Line of Sight Fundamentals, Beyond Line of
Sight Fundamentals, UAS Communications Failure, Link
Enhancements, STANAG 4586, Multi UAS Control.
6. UAS Conceptual Design. UAS Design Process, Airframe Design
Considerations, Launch & Recovery Methods, Propulsion, Control &
Stability, Ground Control System, Support Equipment, Transportation.
7. Human Machine Interface. Human Factors Engineering
Explained Human Machine Interface, Computer Trends, Voice
Recognition & Control Haptic Feedback, Spatial Audio (3D Audio),
AFRL MIIRO, Synthetic Vision Brain Computer Interface, CRM.
8. Sense and Avoid Systems. Sense and Avoid Function ,Needs for
Sense and Avoid, TCAS, TCAS on UAS, ADS-B, Non Cooperative
FOV & Detection Requirements, Optical Sensors, Acoustic &
Microwave Sensors.
9. UAS Civil Airspace Issues. Current State, UAS Worldwide Demand, UAS Regulation & Airspace Problems, Existing Federal UAS
Regulation Equivalent Level of Safety, Airspace Categories,
AFRL/JPDO Workshop Results, Collision Avoidance & Sense and
Avoid, Recommendations.
10. Civil Airspace Integration Efforts. Civil UAS News, FAA Civil
UAS Roadmap, UAS Certificate of Authorization Process, UAPO
Interim Operational Approval Guidance (8-01), 14 CFR 107 Rule,
NASA UAS R&D Plan, NASA Study Results, RTCA SC 203, UAS R&D
Plan, FAA Reauthorization Bill, Six Test Sites.
11. UAS Navigation. Satellite Navigation, Inertial Navigation, Sensor
Fusion for Navigation, Image Navigation (Skysys), Locatta,
Satellite/INS/Video, (NAVSYS), Image Aided INS (NAVSYS).
12. Autonomous Control. Vision, Definitions, Automatic Control,
Automatic Air to Air Refueling, Autonomy, Advanced AI Applications,
Intelligent Control Techniques.
13. UAS Swarming. History of Swarming, Swarming Battles, Modern
Military Swarming, Swarming Characteristics, Swarming Concepts,
Emergent Behavior, Swarming Algorithms, Swarm Communications.
14. Future Capabilities. Space UAS & Global Strike, Advanced
Hypersonic Weapon, Submarine Launched UAS, UCAS, Pseudosatellites, Future Military Missions & Technologies.


Vol. 116 – 47

Cyber Warfare – Global Trends
Laurel, Maryland
(8:30am - 4:00pm)

Summary
This three-day (four-day virtual) course is
intended for operational leaders and
programmatic staff involved in the planning,
analysis, or testing of Cyber Warfare and
Network-Centric systems. The course will
provide perspective on emerging policy,
doctrine, strategy, and operational
constraints affecting the development of
cyber warfare systems. This knowledge will
greatly enhance participants' ability to
develop operational systems and concepts
that will produce integrated, controlled, and
effective cyber effects at each warfare level.
U.S. citizenship required for students
registered in this course.

Instructor
Albert Kinney is a retired Naval Officer
and holds a Masters Degree in electrical
engineering. His professional experience
includes more than 20 years of experience in
research and operational cyberspace
mission areas including the initial
development and first operational
employment of the Naval Cyber Attack
Team.

What You Will Learn
• What are the relationships between cyber warfare,
information assurance, information operations,
and network-centric warfare?
• How can a cyber warfare capability enable
freedom of action in cyberspace?
• What are legal constraints on cyber warfare?
• How can cyber capabilities meet standards for
weaponization?
• How should cyber capabilities be integrated with
military exercises?
• How can military and civilian cyberspace
organizations prepare and maintain their workforce
to play effective roles in cyberspace?
• What is the Comprehensive National
Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI)?
From this course you will obtain in-depth
knowledge and awareness of the cyberspace
domain, its functional characteristics, and its
organizational inter-relationships enabling your
organization to make meaningful contributions in
the domain of cyber warfare through technical
consultation, systems development, and
operational test & evaluation
48 – Vol. 116

April 7-10, 2014
LIVE Instructor-led Virtual

(Noon - 4:30pm Eastern Time)

$1790


Course Outline
1. Global Internet Governance.
2. A Cyber Power Framework.
3. Global Supply Chain & Outsourcing
Issues.
4. Critical Infrastructure Issues.
5. U.S. Cyberspace Doctrine and Strategy.
6. Cyberspace as a Warfare Domain.
7. Netcentricity.
8. U.S. Organizational Constructs in Cyber
Warfare.
9. Legal Considerations for Cyber Warfare.
10. Operational Theory of Cyber Warfare.
11. Operational and Tactical Maneuver in
Cyberspace - Stack Positioning.
12.
Capability
Development
&
Weaponization.
13. Cyber Warfare Training and Exercise
Requirements.
14. Command & Control for Cyber Warfare.
15. Cyber War Case Study .
16. Human Capital in Cybersecurity.
17. Survey of International Cyber Warfare
Doctrine & Capabilities.
18. Large-Scale Cybersecurity Mechanisms.
19. Social Considerations in Cybersecurity –
Culture & the Human Interface.
20. Cybersecurity, Civil Liberties, & Freedom
Around the World .
21. Non-State Actor Trends - Cyber Crime,
Cyber Terrorism, Hactivism.
22. Homeland Security Case Study /
Industrial Espionage Case Study.


Digital Video Systems, Broadcast and Operations
March 17-20, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1940

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This four-day course is designed to make the
student aware of digital video systems in use
today and planned for the near future, including
how they are used, transmitted, and received.
From this course you will obtain the ability to
understand the various evolving digital video
standards and equipment, their use in current
broadcast systems, and the concerns/issues that
accompany these advancements.

Instructor
Sidney Skjei is president of Skjei Telecom,
Inc.,
an
engineering
and
broadcasting consulting firm. He
has supported digital video systems
planning,
development
and
implementation for a large number
of commercial organizations,
including PBS, CBS, Boeing, and
XM Satellite Radio. He also works for smaller
television stations and broadcast organizations.
He is frequently asked to testify as an Expert
Witness in digital video system. Mr. Skjei holds an
MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School and
is a licensed Professional Engineer in Virginia.

What You Will Learn
• How compressed digital video systems work
and how to use them effectively.
• Where all the compressed digital video
systems fit together in history, application and
implementation.
• Where encryption and conditional access fit in
and what systems are available today.
• How do tape-based broadcast facilities differ
from server-based facilities?
• What services are evolving to complement
digital video?
• What do you need to know to upgrade /
purchase a digital video system?
• What are the various options for transmitting
and distributing digital video?

Course Outline
1. Technical Background. Types of video.
Advantages and disadvantages. Digitizing video.
Digital compression techniques.
2. Proprietary Digital Video Systems.
Digicipher. DirecTV. Other systems.
3. Videoconferencing Systems Overview.
4. MPEG1 Digital Video. Why it was developed.
Technical description. Operation and Transmission.
5. MPEG2 Digital Video. Why it was developed.
Technical description. Operation and Transmission.
4:2:0 vs 4:2:2 profile. MPEG profiles and levels.
6. DVB Enhancements to MPEG2. What DVB
does and why it does it. DVB standards review. What
DVB-S2 will accomplish and how.
7. DTV (or ATSC) use of MPEG2. How DTV
uses MPEG2. DTV overview.
8. MPEG4 Advanced Simple Profile. Why it
was developed. Technical description. Operation and
Transmission.
9. New Compression Systems. MPEG-4-10 or
H.26L. Windows Media 9. How is different. How
improved. Transcoding from MPEG 2 to MPEG 4.
JPEG 2000.
10. Systems in use today: DBS systems (e.g.
DirecTV, Echostar) and DARS systems (XM Radio,
Sirius).
11. Encryption and Conditional Access
Systems. Types of conditional access / encryption
systems. Relationship to subscriber management
systems. Key distribution methods. Smart cards.
12. Digital Video Transmission. Over fiber optic
cables or microwaves. Over the Internet – IP video.
Over satellites. Private networks vs. public.
13. Delivery to the Home. Comparing and
contrasting terrestrial broadcasting, satellite (DBS),
cable and others.
14. Production - Pre to Post. Production
formats. Digital editing. Graphics.Computer
Animations. Character generation. Virtual sets, ads
and actors. Video transitions and effects.
15. Origination Facilities. Playback control and
automation. Switching and routing and redundancy.
System-wide timing and synchronization. Trafficking
ads and interstitials. Monitoring and control.
16. Storage Systems. Servers vs. physical
media. Caching vs. archival. Central vs. distributed
storage.
17. Digital Manipulation. Digital Insertion. Bit
Stream Splicing. Statistical Multiplexing.
18. Asset Management. What is metadata.
Digital rights management. EPGs.
19. Digital Copying. What the technology allows.
What the law allows.
20. Video Associated Systems. Audio systems
and methods. Data encapsulation systems and
methods. Dolby digital audio systems handling in the
broadcast center.
21. Operational Considerations. Selecting the
right systems. Encoders. Receivers / decoders.
Selecting the right encoding rate. Source video
processing. System compatibility issues.


Vol. 116 – 49

Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility / Signal Integrity

NEW!

Optional 3rd Day: EMI Troubleshooting Workshop

San Diego, California

Optional Day 3: February 13, 2014

Summary
Design for EMC/SI (Electromagnetic Compatibility &
Signal Integrity) addresses the control of EMI
(Electromagnetic Interference) at the box level through
proven design techniques. This two-day course
provides a comprehensive treatment of EMC/SI "inside
the box." This includes digital and analog circuits,
printed circuit board design, power electronics, I/O
treatments, mechanical shielding, and more. Please
note - this class does NOT address "outside the box"
issues such as cable design, power wiring, and other
systems level concerns. Each student will receive a
copy of the EDN Magazine Designer's Guide to EMC
by Daryl Gerke and William Kimmel, along with a
complete set of lecture notes.
NEW! An optional 3rd day with an EMI
Troubleshooting Workshop can be added for EMI
Troubleshooting Guidelines. Eight case studies are
covered.

Instructors
William (Bill) Kimmel, PE, has worked in the
electronics field for over 45 years. He
received his BSEE with distinction
from the University of Minnesota. His
experience includes design and
systems engineering with industry
leaders like Control Data and Sperry
Defense Systems. Since, 1987, he
has been involved exclusively with
EMI/EMC as a founding partner of Kimmel Gerke
Associates, Ltd. Bill has qualified numerous
systems to industrial, commercial, military, medical,
vehicular, and related EMI/EMC requirements.
Daryl Gerke, PE, has worked in the electronics
field for over 40 years. He received his
BSEE from the University of
Nebraska. His experience ranges
includes design and systems
engineering with industry leaders like
Collins Radio, Sperry Defense
Systems, Tektronix, and Intel. Since
1987, he has been involved
exclusively with EMI/EMC as a founding partner of
Kimmel Gerke Associates, Ltd. Daryl has qualified
numerous systems to industrial, commercial,
military, medical, vehicular, and related EMI/EMC
requirements.

Who Should Attend
This seminar is directed at personnel who are
wrestling with interference/noise problems in electronic
systems at the design level. The following could benefit
from this class:
• Electronics design engineers and technicians.
• Printed circuit board designers.
• EMC test engineers and technicians.
• NO prior EMC experience is necessary or assumed.
50 – Vol. 116

Orlando, Florida

Optional Day 3: February 20, 2014

$995 for 2-day • $1395 for 3-day
(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Course Outline

1. Introduction.
• Interference Sources, Paths and Receptors
• Key EMI Design Threats
• EMI Regulations and Their Impact on Design
Physics of EMI
• Frequency, Time and Dimensions
• Transmisison Lines and "Hidden" Antennas
2. Physics of EMI.
• Frequency, Time, and Dimensions
• Transmission Lines and “Hidden” Antennas
3. EMI in Components.
• Looking for the "Hidden Schematic"
• Passive Components and Their Limitations
• Simple EMI Filters and How to Design them
• EMI Effects in Analog and Digital Circuits
4. Printed Circuit Boards.
• Signal Integrity and EMI
• Common Mode Emissions Problems
• Dealing with Clocks and Resets
• Power Decoupling
• Isolated and Split Planes
• I/O Treatments
5. Power Supplies.
• Common Noise Sources
• Parasitic Coupling Mechanisms
• Filters and Transient Protection
6. Grounding & Interconnect.
• Function of a Ground
• Single Point, Multi-Point and Hybrid Grounds
• Analog vs Digital Grounds
• Circuit Board Grounding
• Internal Cables and Connectors
• I/O Treatments
7. Shielding.
• Picking the Right Materials
• Enclosure Design Techniques
• Shielded Connectors and Cables
• ESD Entry Points
8. Design Checklists & Resources.
9. EMI Troubleshooting Guidelines (OPTIONAL DAY 3).
• Eight case studies workshop

What You Will Learn
• How to identify, prevent, and fix over 30 common
EMI/EMC problems in at the box/design level.
• Simple models and "rules of thumb" and to help you
arrive at quick design decisions (NO heavy math).
• Design impact of various EMC specifications.
• Practical tools, tips, and techniques.
• Good EMI/EMC design practices.


EMI / EMC in Military Systems
Includes Mil Std-461/464 & Troubleshooting Addendums

May 20-22, 2014
Northern, Virginia

$1740

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
Systems EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
involves the control of EMI (Electromagnetic
Interference) at the systems, facility, and platform
levels (e.g. outside the box.) This three-day course
provides a comprehensive treatment of EMI/EMC
problems in military systems. These include both the
box level requirements of MIL-STD-461 and the
systems level requirements of MIL-STD-464. The
emphasis is on prevention through good EMI/EMC
design techniques - grounding, shielding, cable
management, and power interface design.
Troubleshooting techniques are also addressed in an
addendum. Please note - this class does NOT address
circuit boards issues. Each student will receive a copy
of the EDN Magazine Designer's Guide to EMC by
Daryl Gerke and William Kimmel, along with a

Instructors
William (Bill) Kimmel, PE, has worked in the
electronics field for over 45 years. He
received his BSEE with distinction
from the University of Minnesota. His
experience includes design and
systems engineering with industry
leaders like Control Data and Sperry
Defense Systems. Since, 1987, he
has been involved exclusively with
EMI/EMC as a founding partner of Kimmel Gerke
Associates, Ltd. Bill has qualified numerous
systems to industrial, commercial, military, medical,
vehicular, and related EMI/EMC requirements.
Daryl Gerke, PE, has worked in the electronics
field for over 40 years. He received his
BSEE from the University of
Nebraska. His experience ranges
includes design and systems
engineering with industry leaders like
Collins Radio, Sperry Defense
Systems, Tektronix, and Intel. Since
1987, he has been involved
exclusively with EMI/EMC as a founding partner of
Kimmel Gerke Associates, Ltd. Daryl has qualified
numerous systems to industrial, commercial,
military, medical, vehicular, and related EMI/EMC
requirements.

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Interference sources, paths, and
receptors. Identifying key EMI threats - power disturbances,
radio frequency interference, electrostatic discharge, selfcompatibility. Key EMI concepts - Frequency and impedance,
Frequency and time, Frequency and dimensions.
Unintentional antennas related to dimensions.
2. Grounding - A Safety Interface. Grounds defined.
Ground loops and single point grounds. Multipoint grounds
and hybrid grounds. Ground bond corrosion. Lightning
induced ground bounce. Ground currents through chassis.
Unsafe grounding practice.
3. Power - An Energy Interface. Types of power
disturbances. Common impedance coupling in shared ground
and voltage supply. Transient protection. EMI power line
filters. Isolation transformers. Regulators and UPS. Power
harmonics and magnetic fields.
4. Cables and Connectors - A Signal Interface. Cable
coupling paths. Cable shield grounding and termination.
Cable shield materials. Cable and connector ferrites. Cable
crosstalk. Classify cables and connectors.
5. Shielding - An Electromagnetic Field Interface.
Shielding principles. Shielding failures. Shielding materials.
EMI gaskets for seams. Handling large openings. Cable
terminations and penetrations.
6. Systems Solutions. Power disturbances. Radio
frequency
interference.
Electrostatic
discharge.
Electromagnetic emissions.
7. MIL-STD-461 & MIL-STD-464 Addendum.
Background on MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-464.
Design/proposal impact of individual requirements (emphasis
on design, NOT testing.) Documentation requirements Control Plans, Test Plans, Test Reports.
8. EMC Troubleshooting Addemdum. Troubleshooting
vs Design & Test. Using the "Differential Diagnosis"
Methodology Diagnostic and Isolation Techniques - RFI,
power, ESD, emissions.

What You Will Learn
• How to identify, prevent, and fix common EMI/EMC
problems in military systems?
• Simple models and "rules of thumb" and to help you
arrive at quick design decisions (NO heavy math).
• EMI/EMC troubleshooting tips and techniques.
• Design impact (by requirement) of military EMC
specifications (MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-464)
• EMI/EMC documentation requirements (Control
Plans, Test Plans, and Test Reports).


Vol. 109 – 51
116


NEW!
March 11-12, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1245

(8:30am - 4:30pm)


Summary
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are approaches to
artificial intelligence that are motivated by
optimization processes that we observe in nature,
such as natural selection, species migration, bird
swarms, human culture, and ant colonies. This twoday course provides a clear explanation of the basic
principles of EAs. The two-day course covers the
theory, history, mathematics, and application of EAs
to engineering optimization problems. Featured
techniques include genetic algorithms, evolutionary
programming, evolution strategies, ant colony
optimization, particle swarm optimization,
differential
evolution,
biogeography-based
optimization, and many others. Matlab-based
examples are used during the course to illustrate
the algorithms. This application-oriented course
helps the student obtain a clear, but theoretically
rigorous, understanding of EAs. The course also
discusses the similarities and differences between
various EAs. This course provides an ideal EA
introduction to engineering and computer science
professionals. Each student will receive a copy of
the text Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms written
by the course instructor, Dan Simon, in addition to a
complete set of lecture notes and Matlab code.

Instructor
Dan Simon has worked in industry, academia,
and consulting since 1983. He has
applied evolutionary algorithms
(EAs) to problems such as missile
tracking, prosthetic leg control,
electrocardiogram diagnosis, robot
control, aircraft engine diagnostics,
electric power management and
distribution, and automotive engine control. Dr.
Simon is currently a professor in the Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department at
Cleveland State University in Cleveland, Ohio.
He has written over 80 peer-reviewed journal and
conference papers, and has supervised over 20
graduate theses and dissertations. Dr. Simon is
the author of the textbooks Optimal State
Estimation (John Wiley & Sons, 2006) and
Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms (John Wiley
& Sons, 2013).
52 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Terminology. Unconstrained
optimization. Constrained optimization. Multi-objective
optimization. Multimodal optimization. Combinatorial
optimization. Hill climbing algorithms.
2. Genetic Algorithms. History. The binary GA. The
continuous GA. Matlab examples.
3. Performance Testing. Benchmarks. The no free
lunch theorem. Overstatements based on simulation
results. Random numbers. T tests. F tests.
4. Evolutionary Programming. Continuous EP.
Finite state machines. Discrete EP. The prisoner’s
dilemma. The artificial ant problem.
5. Evolution Strategies. The (1+1)-ES. The 1/5
rule. The (mu+1)-ES. The (mu+lambda)-ES. The
(mu,lambda)-ES. Self-adaptive ES. .
6. Evolutionary Algorithm Variations. Initialization.
Convergence criteria. Problem representation. Elitism.
Steady-state vs. generational EAs. Population diversity.
Selection options. Recombination options. Mutation.
7. Ant Colony Optimization. Pheromone models.
The ant system. Continuous optimization. Other ACO
models.
8. Particle Swarm Optimization. The basic PSO
algorithm. Velocity limiting. Inertia weighting.
Constriction coefficients. Global velocity updates. The
fully informed PSO algorithm. Learning from mistakes.
9. Differential Evolution. The basic DE algorithm.
DE variations. Discrete optimization. DE and GAs.
10. Biogeography-Based Optimization. Biogeography
in nature. The basic BBO algorithm. BBO migration curves.
Blended migration. BBO variations. BBO and GAs.
11. Other Evolutionary Algorithms. Genetic
programming. Simulated annealing. Estimation of
distribution algorithms. Cultural algorithms. Oppositionbased learning. Tabu search. The artificial fish swarm
algorithm. The group search optimizer. The shuffled frog
leaping algorithm. The firefly algorithm. Bacterial
foraging optimization. The artificial bee colony algorithm.
The gravitational search algorithm. Harmony search.
Teaching-learning-based optimization.
12. Practical Advice. Software bugs. Randomness.
The nonlinearity of EA tuning. Information in an EA
population. Diversity. Problem-specific information.

What You Will Learn
• The difference between evolutionary algorithms
(EAs), computer intelligence, population
basedalgorithms, biologically-inspired algorithms,
and swarm intelligence.
• The four fundamental EAs.
• Design and program an EA for my problem.
• Some of the important tuning parameters in EAs.
• Latest EA techniques.
• Similarities and differences between various EA
techniques.
• The no free lunch theorem and what are its
implications for EAs.
• Perform a statistically rigorous comparison between
the performance of different EAs.


Fiber Optic Communication Systems Engineering
April 15-17, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This three-day course investigates the basic aspects of
digital and analog fiber-optic communication systems.
Topics include sources and receivers, optical fibers and
their propagation characteristics, and optical fiber
systems. The principles of operation and properties of
optoelectronic components, as well as signal guiding
characteristics of glass fibers are discussed. System
design issues include both analog and digital point-topoint optical links and fiber-optic networks.
From this course you will obtain the knowledge needed
to perform basic fiber-optic communication systems
engineering calculations, identify system tradeoffs, and
apply this knowledge to modern fiber optic systems. This
will enable you to evaluate real systems, communicate
effectively with colleagues, and understand the most
recent literature in the field of fiber-optic communications.

Instructor
Dr. Raymond M. Sova is a section supervisor of the
Photonic Devices and Systems section and a member of
the Principal Professional Staff of the Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory. He has a
Bachelors degree from Pennsylvania State University in
Electrical Engineering, a Masters degree in Applied
Physics and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Johns
Hopkins University. With nearly 17 years of experience, he
has numerous patents and papers related to the
development of high-speed photonic and fiber optic
devices and systems that are applied to communications,
remote sensing and RF-photonics. His experience in fiber
optic communications systems include the design,
development and testing of fiber communication systems
and components that include: Gigabit ethernet, highlyparallel optical data link using VCSEL arrays, high data
rate (10 Gb/sec to 200 Gb/sec) fiber-optic transmitters and
receivers and free-space optical data links. He is an
assistant research professor at Johns Hopkins University
and has developed three graduate courses in Photonics
and Fiber-Optic Communication Systems that he teaches
in the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of
Engineering Part-Time Program.

What You Will Learn
• What are the basic elements in analog and digital fiber
optic communication systems including fiber-optic
components and basic coding schemes?
• How fiber properties such as loss, dispersion and nonlinearity impact system performance.
• How systems are compensated for loss, dispersion and
non-linearity.
• How a fiber-optic amplifier works and it’s impact on
system performance.
• How to maximize fiber bandwidth through wavelength
division multiplexing.
• How is the fiber-optic link budget calculated?
• What are typical characteristics of real fiber-optic
systems including CATV, gigabit Ethernet, POF data
links, RF-antenna remoting systems, long-haul
telecommunication links.
• How to perform cost analysis and system design?

Course Outline
Part I: FUNDAMENTALS OF FIBER OPTIC
COMPONENTS
1. Fiber Optic Communication Systems. Introduction to
analog and digital fiber optic systems including terrestrial,
undersea, CATV, gigabit Ethernet, RF antenna remoting, and
plastic optical fiber data links.
2. Optics and Lightwave Fundamentals. Ray theory,
numerical aperture, diffraction, electromagnetic waves,
polarization, dispersion, Fresnel reflection, optical
waveguides, birefringence, phase velocity, group velocity.
3. Optical Fibers. Step-index fibers, graded-index fibers,
attenuation, optical modes, dispersion, non-linearity, fiber
types, bending loss.
4. Optical Cables and Connectors. Types, construction,
fusion splicing, connector types, insertion loss, return loss,
connector care.
5. Optical Transmitters. Introduction to semiconductor
physics, FP, VCSEL, DFB lasers, direct modulation, linearity,
RIN noise, dynamic range, temperature dependence, bias
control, drive circuitry, threshold current, slope efficiency, chirp.
6. Optical Modulators. Mach-Zehnder interferometer,
Electro-optic modulator, electro-absorption modulator, linearity,
bias control, insertion loss, polarization.
7. Optical Receivers. Quantum properties of light, PN,
PIN, APD, design, thermal noise, shot noise, sensitivity
characteristics, BER, front end electronics, bandwidth
limitations, linearity, quantum efficiency.
8. Optical Amplifiers. EDFA, Raman, semiconductor,
gain, noise, dynamics, power amplifier, pre-amplifier, line
amplifier.
9. Passive Fiber Optic Components. Couplers,
isolators, circulators, WDM filters, Add-Drop multiplexers,
attenuators.
10. Component Specification Sheets. Interpreting optical
component spec. sheets - what makes the best design
component for a given application.
Part II: FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS
11. Design of Fiber Optic Links. Systems design issues
that are addressed include: loss-limited and dispersion limited
systems, power budget, rise-time budget and sources of power
penalty.
12. Network Properties. Introduction to fiber optic network
properties, specifying and characterizing optical analog and
digital networks.
13. Optical Impairments. Introduction to optical
impairments for digital and analog links. Dispersion, loss, nonlinearity, optical amplifier noise, laser clipping to SBS (also
distortions), back reflection, return loss, CSO CTB, noise.
14. Compensation Techniques. As data rates of fiber
optical systems go beyond a few Gbits/sec, dispersion
management is essential for the design of long-haul systems.
The following dispersion management schemes are
discussed: pre-compensation, post-compensation, dispersion
compensating fiber, optical filters and fiber Bragg gratings.
15. WDM Systems. The properties, components and
issues involved with using a WDM system are discussed.
Examples of modern WDM systems are provided.
16. Digital Fiber Optic Link Examples: Worked examples
are provided for modern systems and the methodology for
designing a fiber communication system is explained.
Terrestrial systems, undersea systems, Gigabit ethernet, and
plastic optical fiber links.
17. Analog Fiber Optic Link Examples: Worked
examples are provided for modern systems and the
methodology for designing a fiber communication system is
explained. Cable television, RF antenna remoting, RF phased
array systems.
18. Test and Measurement. Power, wavelength, spectral
analysis, BERT jitter, OTDR, PMD, dispersion, SBS, NoisePower-Ratio (NPR), intensity noise.


Vol. 116 – 53

Kalman, H-Infinity, and Nonlinear Estimation Approaches
Summary
This three-day course will introduce Kalman
filtering and other state estimation algorithms in a
practical way so that the student can design and
apply state estimation algorithms for real
problems. The course will also present enough
theoretical background to justify the techniques
and provide a foundation for advanced research
and implementation. After taking this course the
student will be able to design Kalman filters, Hinfinity filters, and particle filters for both linear
and nonlinear systems. The student will be able
to evaluate the tradeoffs between different types
of estimators. The algorithms will be
demonstrated with freely available MATLAB
programs. Each student will receive a copy of Dr.
Simon’s text, Optimal State Estimation.

Instructor
Dr. Dan Simon has been a professor at
Cleveland State University since
1999, and is also the owner of
Innovatia Software. He had 14
years of industrial experience in the
aerospace, automotive, biomedical,
process control, and software
engineering fields before entering
academia. While in industry he applied Kalman
filtering and other state estimation techniques to
a variety of areas, including motor control, neural
net and fuzzy system optimization, missile
guidance, communication networks, fault
diagnosis, vehicle navigation, and financial
forecasting. He has over 60 publications in
refereed journals and conference proceedings,
including many in Kalman filtering.

What You Will Learn
• How can I create a system model in a form that
is amenable to state estimation?
• What are some different ways to simulate a
system?
• How can I design a Kalman filter?
• What if the Kalman filter assumptions are not
satisfied?
• How can I design a Kalman filter for a nonlinear
system?
• How can I design a filter that is robust to model
uncertainty?
• What are some other types of estimators that
may do better than a Kalman filter?
• What are the latest research directions in state
estimation theory and practice?
• What are the tradeoffs between Kalman, Hinfinity, and particle filters?
54 – Vol. 116

May 20-22, 2014
Laurel, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Dynamic Systems Review. Linear
systems. Nonlinear systems. Discretization.
System simulation.
2. Random Processes Review. Probability.
Random variables. Stochastic processes.
White noise and colored noise.
3. Least Squares Estimation. Weighted
least squares. Recursive least squares.
4. Time Propagation of States and
Covariances.
5. The Discrete Time Kalman Filter.
Derivation. Kalman filter properties.
6. Alternate Kalman filter forms.
Sequential filtering. Information filtering.
Square root filtering.
7. Kalman
Filter
Generalizations.
Correlated noise. Colored noise. Steady-state
filtering. Stability. Alpha-beta-gamma filtering.
Fading memory filtering. Constrained filtering.
8. Optimal Smoothing. Fixed point
smoothing. Fixed lag smoothing. Fixed interval
smoothing.
9. Advanced Topics in Kalman Filtering.
Verification of performance. Multiple-model
estimation. Reduced-order estimation. Robust
Kalman filtering. Synchronization errors.
10. H-infinity
Filtering.
Derivation.
Examples. Tradeoffs with Kalman filtering.
11. Nonlinear Kalman Filtering. The
linearized Kalman filter. The extended Kalman
filter. Higher order approaches. Parameter
estimation.
12. The Unscented Kalman Filter.
Advantages. Derivation. Examples.
13. The Particle Filter. Derivation.
Implementation issues. Examples. Tradeoffs.
14. Applications. Fault diagnosis for
aerospace systems. Vehicle navigation. Fuzzy
logic and neural network training. Motor
control. Implementations in embedded
systems.


March 18-19, 2014

NEW!

Laurel, Maryland

$1150

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary

Instructor

This two-day course is designed for engineers
that are non specialists in RF engineering, but are
involved in the design or analysis of
communication systems including digital
designers, managers, procurement engineers,
etc. The course emphasizes RF fundamentals in
terms of physical principles behavioral concepts
permitting the student to quickly gain an intuitive
understanding of the subject with minimal
mathematical complexity. These principles are
illustrated using modern examples of wireless
components such as Bluetooth, Cell Phone and
Paging, and 802.11 Data Communications
Systems.

John E. Penn received a B.E.E. from the
Georgia Institute of Technology in
1980, an M.S. (EE) from Johns
Hopkins University (JHU) in 1982,
and a second M.S. (CS) from JHU
in 1988. He is currently the Team
Lead for RFIC Design at Army
Research Labs. Since 1989, he
has been a part-time professor at Johns Hopkins
University where he teaches RF & Microwaves I
& II, MMIC Design, and RFIC Design.

What You Will Learn
• How to recognize the physical properties that
make RF circuits and systems unique
• What the important parameters are that
characterize RF circuits
• How to interpret RF Engineering performance
data
• What the considerations are in combining RF
circuits into systems
• How to evaluate RF Engineering risks such as
instabilities, noise, and interference, etc.
• How performance assessments can be enhanced
with basic engineering tools such as MATLAB.

From this course you will obtain the
knowledge and ability to understand how rF
circuits functions, how multiple circuits
interact to determine system performance, to
interact effectively with rF engineering
specialists and to understand the literature.

Course Outline
Day One: Circuit Considerations
1. Physical Properties of RF circuits
2. Propagation and effective Dielectric
Constants
3. Impedance Parameters
4. Reflections and Matching
5. Circuit matrix parameters (Z,Y, & S
parameters)
6. Gain
7. Stability
8. Smith Chart data displays
9. Performance of example circuits

Day Two: System considerations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Low Noise designs
High Power design
Distortion evaluation
Spurious Free Dynamic Range
MATLAB Assisted Assessment of state-ofthe-art RF systems


Vol. 116 – 55

Telecommunications System Reliability Engineering
Columbia, Maryland

$2045

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
System reliability and availability are crucial metrics
within all telecommunications fields. Engineers within
the telecommunications industry require the ability to
quantify these metrics for use in service level
agreements, system design decisions and daily
operations. Increasing system complexity and software
logic require new, more sophisticated tools for system
modeling and metric calculation than those available in
current literature.
This four-day course provides the communications
engineer the tools to connect abstract systems
reliability theory, system topology and computer
simulation to predict and measure quantitative
statistical performance metrics such as reliability,
availability and maintainability.
Each student will receive a copy of
Telecommunications System Reliability Engineering,
Theory and Practice in addition to a complete set of
lecture notes.

Instructor
Mark Ayers is manager of RF Engineering at GCI
Communications Corp headquartered in Anchorage,
Alaska. Mark has a broad range of telecommunications
experience including work in fiber optics, microwave
radio and satellite network design. Mark holds a B.S.
degree in Mathematics from the University of Alaska
Anchorage and an M.S. degree in Electrical
Engineering from the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
He is a registered Professional Electrical Engineer in
the State of Alaska and a senior member in the IEEE.
Mark teaches a variety of courses as an adjunct faculty
member in the Engineering Department at the
University of Alaska Anchorage and is the author of the
textbook Telecommunications System Reliability
Engineering, Theory and Practice.

What You Will Learn
• Familiarity with the concepts of reliability and
availability as they relate to telecommunications
systems.
• A comprehensive understanding of reliability
theory, system analysis techniques and system
modeling.
• Skills and tools necessary to perform complex,
detailed analyses using computer simulation
techniques.
• Specific applications of analysis theory to real
telecommunications systems.
• Practical techniques to determine proper sparing
levels.
• How software and firmware impact the overall
reliability and availability performance of
telecommunications systems. Students taking
this course will have a complete grasp of the
importance and value of rigorous reliability
analysis on a system’s design.
56 – Vol. 116

Course Outline
1. Reliability engineering and its relationship
to communications. Historical development of
reliability engineering as an academic field.
Relevance of reliability theory to communications
systems, MIL spec, and Bellcore standards.
2. System reliability metrics. Commonly used
reliability engineering metrics are discussed.v
These metrics include reliability, availability, failure
rate, MTBF, and MTTR.
3. Reliability theory and random variables.
Mathematics associated with reliability and
availability models are presented. Statistical
distributions and their applicability to TTF and TTR
are discussed.
4. Reliability Block Diagrams. Success based
networks of elements in serial or parallel. Used for
determination of system reliability.
5. Markov Chain Analysis. State based analysis
approach for the determination of availability in
repairable systems.
6. Monte Carlo Simulation. Analysis technique
using computer simulation to compute reliability and
availability of an arbitrary configuration of
components.
7. Fiber Optic Networks. Terrestrial and
submarine systems including path protection and
highly available system designs.
8. Microwave Networks. Long-haul, short-haul
and local area microwave network reliability and
availability are examined in detail including
propagation effects and considerations (such as
multi-path and rain fade).
9. Satellite Networks . Satellite earth station
design and best practices, satellite redundancy
considerations and propagation impacts.
10. Facilities. Telecommunications facilities
generator systems, commercial power delivery and
battery back sizing considerations.
11. Software and Firmware. Models are
presented along with consideration for accurate
representation of the impact on system
performance.


Wireless Communications & Spread Spectrum Design
Summary
This three-day course is designed for wireless
communication engineers involved with spread
spectrum systems, and managers who wish to
enhance their understanding
of the wireless techniques that
are being used in all types of
communication systems and
products. It provides an overall
look at many types and
advantages
of
spread
spectrum systems that are
designed in wireless systems
today. Cognitive adaptive
systems are discussed. This
course covers an intuitive
approach that provides a real feel for the technology,
with applications that apply to both the government and
commercial sectors. Students will receive a copy of the
instructor's textbook, Transceiver and System Design
for Digital Communications.

Instructor
Scott R. Bullock, P.E., MSEE, specializes in Wireless
Communications including Spread Spectrum Systems and
Broadband Communication Systems, Networking, Software
Defined Radios and Cognitive Radios and Systems for both
government and commercial uses. He holds 18 patents and
22 trade secrets in communications and has published
several articles in various trade magazines. He was active
in establishing the data link standard for GPS SCAT-I
landing systems, the first handheld spread spectrum PCS
cell phone, and developed spread spectrum landing
systems for the government. He is the author of two books,
Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications
& Broadband Communications and Home Networking,
Scitech Publishing, www.scitechpub.com. He has taught
seminars for several years to all the major communication
companies, an adjunct professor at two colleges, and was a
guest lecturer for Polytechnic University on "Direct
Sequence Spread Spectrum and Multiple Access
Technologies." He has held several high level engineering
positions including VP, Senior Director, Director of R&D,
Engineering Fellow, and Consulting Engineer.

What You Will Learn
• How to perform link budgets for types of spread
spectrum communications?
• How to evaluate different digital modulation/
demodulation techniques?
• What additional techniques are used to enhance
digital Comm links including; multiple access,
OFDM, error detection/correction, FEC, Turbo
codes?
• What is multipath and how to reduce multipath
and jammers including adaptive processes?
• What types of satellite communications and
satellites are being used and design techniques?
• What types of networks & Comms are being
used for commercial/military; ad hoc, mesh, WiFi,
WiMAX, 3&4G, JTRS, SCA, SDR, Link 16,
cognitive radios & networks?
• What is a Global Positioning System?
• How to solve a 3 dimension Direction Finding?
From this course you will obtain the knowledge
and ability to evaluate and develop the system
design for wireless communication digital
transceivers including spread spectrum systems.

March 24-26, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Transceiver Design. dB power, link budgets, system
design tradeoffs, S/N, Eb/No, Pe, BER, link margin, tracking
noise, process gain, effects and advantages of using spread
spectrum techniques.
2. Transmitter Design. Spread spectrum transmitters,
PSK, MSK, QAM, CP-PSK, FH, OFDM, PN-codes,
TDMA/CDMA/FDMA, antennas, T/R, LOs, upconverters,
sideband elimination, PAs, VSWR.
3. Receiver Design. Dynamic range, image rejection,
limiters, MDS, superheterodyne receivers, importance of
LNAs, 3rd order intercept, intermods, spurious signals, two
tone dynamic range, TSS, phase noise, mixers, filters, A/D
converters, aliasing anti-aliasing filters, digital signal
processors DSPs.
4. Automatic Gain Control Design & Phase Lock Loop
Comparison. AGCs, linearizer, detector, loop filter, integrator,
using control theory and feedback systems to analyze AGCs,
PLL and AGC comparison.
5. Demodulation. Demodulation and despreading
techniques for spread spectrum systems, pulsed matched
filters, sliding correlators, pulse position modulation, CDMA,
coherent demod, despreading, carrier recovery, squaring
loops, Costas and modified Costas loops, symbol synch, eye
pattern, inter-symbol interference, phase detection,
Shannon's limit.
6. Basic Probability and Pulse Theory. Simple approach
to probability, gaussian process, quantization error, Pe, BER,
probability of detection vs probability of false alarm, error
detection CRC, error correction, FEC, RS & Turbo codes,
LDPC, Interleaving, Viterbi, multi-h, PPM, m-sequence codes.
7. Cognitive adaptive systems. Dynamic spectrum
access, adaptive power gain control using closed loop
feedback systems, integrated solutions of Navigational data
and closed loop RSSI measurements, adaptive modulation,
digital adaptive filters, adaptive cosite filters, use of AESAs for
beamsteering, nullstearing, beam spoiling, sidelobe detection,
communications using multipath, MIMO, and a combined
cognitive system approach.
8. Improving the System Against Jammers. Burst
jammers, digital filters, GSOs, adaptive filters, ALEs,
quadrature method to eliminate unwanted sidebands,
orthogonal methods to reduce jammers, types of intercept
receivers.
9. Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Basic
understanding of GPS, spread spectrum BPSK modulated
signal from space, satellite transmission, signal structure,
receiver, errors, narrow correlator, selective availability SA,
carrier smoothed code, Differential DGPS, Relative GPS,
widelane/narrowlane, carrier phase tracking KCPT, double
difference.
10. Satellite
Communications.
ADPCM,
FSS,
geosynchronous / geostationary orbits, types of antennas,
equivalent temperature analysis, G/T multiple access,
propagation delay, types of satellites.
11. Broadband Communications and Networking. Home
distribution methods, Bluetooth, OFDM, WiFi, WiMax, LTE,
3&4G cellular, QoS, military radios, JTRS, software defined
radios, SCA, gateways, Link 16, TDMA, adaptive networks,
mesh, ad hoc, on-the-move, MANETs, D-MANETs, cognitive
radios and networks.
12. DF & Interferometer Analysis. Positioning and
direction finding using interferometers, direction cosines,
three dimensional approach, antenna position matrix,
coordinate conversion for moving.


Vol. 116 – 57

Acoustics Fundamentals, Measurements, and Applications
San Diego, California

March 25-27, 2014
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
This three-day course is intended for engineers
and other technical personnel and managers who
have a work-related need to understand basic
acoustics concepts and how to measure and
analyze sound. This is an introductory course and
participants need not have any prior knowledge of
sound or vibration. Each topic is illustrated by
appropriate applications, in-class demonstrations,
and worked-out numerical examples. Since the
practical uses of acoustics principles are vast and
diverse, participants are encouraged to confer with
the instructor (before, during, and after the course)
regarding any work-related concerns. Each student
will receive a copy of the textbook, Acoustics: An
Introduction by Heinrich Kuttruff.

Instructor
Dr. Alan D. Stuart, Associate Professor Emeritus
of Acoustics, Penn State, has over
forty years experience in the field of
sound and vibration. He has degrees
in mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, and
engineering
acoustics. For over thirty years he
has taught courses on the
Fundamentals
of
Acoustics,
Structural Acoustics, Applied Acoustics, Noise
Control Engineering, and Sonar Engineering on
both the graduate and undergraduate levels as
well as at government and industrial organizations
throughout the country.

What You Will Learn
• How to make proper sound level measurements.
• How to analyze and report acoustic data.
• The basis of decibels (dB) and the A-weighting
scale.
• How intensity probes work and allow near-field
sound measurements.
• How to measure radiated sound power and sound
transmission loss.
• How to use third-octave bands and narrow-band
spectrum analyzers.
• How the source-path-receiver approach is used in
noise control engineering.
• How sound builds up in enclosures like vehicle
interiors and rooms.
58 – Vol. 116

Recent attendee comments ...
“Great instructor made the course interesting and informative. Helped
clear-up many misconceptions I had
about sound and its measurement.”
“Enjoyed the in-class demonstrations;
they help explain the concepts. Instructor helped me with a problem I
was having at work, worth the price
of the course!”

Course Outline
1. Introductory Concepts. Sound in fluids and
solids. Sound as particle vibrations. Waveforms and
frequency. Sound energy and power consideration.
2. Acoustic Waves in Air and Water. Air-borne
sound. Plane and spherical acoustic waves. Sound
pressure, intensity, and power. Decibel (dB) log power
scale. Sound reflection and transmission at surfaces.
Sound absorption.
3. Acoustic and Vibration Sensors. Human ear
characteristics. Capacitor and piezoelectric
microphone and hydrophone designs and response
characteristics. Intensity probe design and operational
limitations. Accelerometers design and frequency
response.
4. Sound Measurements. Sound level meters.
Time weighting (fast, slow, linear). Decibel scales
(Linear and A-and C-weightings). Octave band
analyzers. Narrow band spectrum analyzers. Critical
bands of human hearing. Detecting tones in noise.
Microphone calibration techniques.
5. Sound Radiation. Human speech mechanism.
Loudspeaker design and response characteristics.
Directivity patterns of simple and multi-pole sources:
monopole, dipole and quadri-pole sources. Acoustic
arrays and beamforming. Sound radiation from
vibrating machines and structures. Radiation
efficiency.
6. Low Frequency Components and Systems.
Helmholtz resonator. Sound waves in ducts. Mufflers
and their design. Horns and loudspeaker enclosures.
7. Applications. Representative topics include:
Outdoor and underwater sound propagation (e.g.
refraction due to temperature and other effects).
Environmental acoustics (e.g. community noise
response and criteria). Auditorium and room acoustics
(e.g. reverberation criteria and sound absorption).
Structural acoustics (e.g. sound transmission loss
through panels). Noise andvibration control
(e.g.source-path-receiver model). Topics of interest to
the course participants.


Design, Operation & Data Analysis of Side Scan Sonar Systems
Columbia, Maryland

$1845

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary
Side scan sonar systems have become the
standard for ocean floor mapping and have evolved
from CW to broadband CHIRP and now interferometric
systems are common.
This three-day course provides a comprehensive
program on the design, operational considerations,
analysis and post processing of side scan sonar data.
Whether designing systems or conducting surveys, the
course provides an in depth understanding of all
aspects of the side scan sonar systems. The course
builds from a basic history of side scan development
into a comprehensive examination of theoretical and
operational components of systems, data and surveys.
Each student will receive a copy of the Second Ed.
Not in the Manual Guide to Sonar Image Interpretation
by Vincent Capone (a $250 value) in addition to a

Instructor
Vincent J. Capone, M.SC. has worked in the ocean
science fields for over thirty years with a focus on
remote sensing/survey operations. He has conducted
sonar operations in depths of as little as 1 meter and
down to over 3000m in every type of environment.
Vince has conducted hundreds of side scan sonar
operations for government agencies, law enforcement
and commercial clients. He is a sonar instructor for the
US Navy and has assisted in the recovery of debris
from the space shuttle Coumbia as well as the recent
recovery of Saturn V engines from the deep ocean Mr.
Capone is the author of the DVD training program
Second Ed. Not in the manual guide to Side Scan
Sonar Image Interpretation.

What You Will Learn
• Why is side scan sonar an effective mapping tool.
• The effects of side scan design on performance.
• Effects of frequency, beam angle and pulse
length on sonar imagery.
• Backscatter and target reflectivity.
• Application of color and gain in the sonar image.
• Detailed analysis of side scan imagery.
• Operational components of side scan
deployment.
• Optimizing search patterns for efficiency and
performance.
• Post processing of sonar imagery.

Course Outline
1. Introduction. Why is side scan sonar so effective?
General development history of side scan sonar systems.
What are the different designs of side scan sonar and how
does design affect performance. CHIRP vs CW Sonar
Systems. Hydrographic multibeam back scatter vs traditional
side scan sonar.
2. Beam Angle, Frequency, Pulse Length and
Resolution. How do beam angle, pulse length and frequency
affect resolution and performance? Is resolution consistent
over the entire sonar image.
3. Backscatter & Target Reflectivity. Why do varying sea
floor types reflect sonar differently? What properties of a
target cause reflectivity. What types of materials do not reflect
the sonar pulse.
4. Application of Gain, Display Color and Color
Palettes. What types of Gain can be applied to the sonar
signal and how does gain processing such as normalization
affect sonar data. What does the color palette represent and
how does the color palette affect display and interpretation of
the data.
5. Detailed Target Analysis. While side scan sonar is a
display type data which most users find intuitive to read,
detailed analysis requires an in depth knowledge of image
formation. This section will provide a intensive look into target
and shadow analysis.
6. Anomalies, Noise and Thermoclines. Side scan sonar
imagery often includes anomalies, reflections or ghost images
that do not represent actual objects on the sea floor. This
discussion will focus on the types of anomalies and how to
recognize these false returns in the sonar data. Noise and
thermoclines can also limit the range and quality of sonar
data. We will discuss the causes and how to limit the sources
of noise as well as the affects of differing speed of sound on
the imagery.
7. Data and Target Positioning. Sonar data is only as
good as the geographic position of the target or final product.
What are the best methods for obtaining accurate positioning
and how to correct data when errors are present. What are the
best methods for establishing target positions and requiring
targets. How to apply target offsets to large debris fields.
8. Sonar Search Patterns and Coverage. How to best
design the most efficient and effective search patterns for side
scan sonar operations. How to best match pulse rate and
speed for 100% coverage.
9. Sonar Processing and Processing Software. What
are the best practices for converting sonar data into geotiffs
and which softwares provide the best results.
10. Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Sonar. Advanced
side scan sonar systems will utilize synthetic aperture which
provide range independent resolution. What are the basic
principles of SAS image formation as well as advantages and
disadvantages of SAS data.


Vol. 116 – 59

Random Vibration & Shock Testing - Fundamentals
for Land, Sea, Air, Space Vehicles & Electronics Manufacture

Santa Barbara, California

April 8-10, 2014
Detroit, Michigan

May 20-22, 2014
Santa Clarita, California

$3595

Summary
This three-day course is primarily designed for
test personnel who conduct, supervise or
"contract out" vibration and shock tests. It also
benefits design, quality and reliability specialists
who interface with vibration and shock test
activities.
Each student receives the instructor's,
minimal-mathematics, minimal-theory hardbound
text Random Vibration & Shock Testing,
Measurement, Analysis & Calibration. This 444
page, 4-color book also includes a CD-ROM with
video clips and animations.

Instructor

Wayne Tustin is the President of an
engineering school and consultancy.
His BSEE degree is from the
University of Washington, Seattle.
He is a licensed Professional
Engineer - Quality in the State of
California. Wayne's first encounter
with vibration was at Boeing/Seattle, performing
what later came to be called modal tests, on the
XB-52 prototype of that highly reliable platform.
Subsequently he headed field service and
technical training for a manufacturer of
electrodynamic shakers, before establishing
another specialized school on which he left his
name. Wayne has written several books and
hundreds of articles dealing with practical aspects
of vibration and shock measurement and testing.

What You Will Learn

• How to plan, conduct and evaluate vibration
and shock tests and screens.
• How to attack vibration and noise problems.
• How to make vibration isolation, damping and
absorbers work for vibration and noise control.
• How noise is generated and radiated, and how
it can be reduced.
From this course you will gain the ability to
understand and communicate meaningfully
with test personnel, perform basic
engineering calculations, and evaluate
tradeoffs between test equipment and
procedures.
60 – Vol. 116

(8:00am - 4:00pm)

“Also Available As A Distance Learning Course”
(Call for Info)

Course Outline
1. Minimal math review of basics of vibration,
commencing with uniaxial and torsional SDoF
systems. Resonance. Vibration control.
2. Instrumentation. How to select and correctly use
displacement, velocity and especially acceleration and
force sensors and microphones. Minimizing mechanical
and electrical errors. Sensor and system dynamic
calibration.
3. Extension of SDoF. to understand multi-resonant
continuous systems encountered in land, sea, air and
space vehicle structures and cargo, as well as in
electronic products.
4. Types of shakers. Tradeoffs between mechanical,
electrohydraulic (servohydraulic), electrodynamic
(electromagnetic) and piezoelectric shakers and systems.
Limitations. Diagnostics.
5. Sinusoidal one-frequency-at-a-time vibration
testing. Interpreting sine test standards. Conducting
tests.
6. Random Vibration Testing. Broad-spectrum allfrequencies-at-once vibration testing. Interpreting
random vibration test standards.
7. Simultaneous multi-axis testing. Gradually
replacing practice of reorienting device under test (DUT)
on single-axis shakers.
8. Environmental stress screening. (ESS) of
electronics production. Extensions to highly accelerated
stress screening (HASS) and to highly accelerated life
testing (HALT).
9. Assisting designers. To improve their designs by
(a) substituting materials of greater damping or (b) adding
damping or (c) avoiding "stacking" of resonances.
10. Understanding automotive. Buzz, squeak and
rattle (BSR). Assisting designers to solve BSR problems.
Conducting BSR tests.
11. Intense noise. (acoustic) testing of launch
vehicles and spacecraft.
12. Shock testing. Transportation testing. Pyroshock
testing. Misuse of classical shock pulses on shock test
machines and on shakers. More realistic oscillatory shock
testing on shakers.
13. Shock response spectrum. (SRS) for
understanding effects of shock on hardware. Use of SRS
in evaluating shock test methods, in specifying and in
conducting shock tests.
14. Attaching DUT via vibration and shock test
fixtures. Large DUTs may require head expanders and/or
slip plates.
15. Modal testing. Assisting designers.


Sonar Transducer Design - Fundamentals
March 18-20, 2014

Course Outline

Columbia, Maryland

1. Overview. Review of how transducer and
performance fits into overall sonar system design.
2. Waves in Fluid Media. Background on how the
transducer creates sound energy and how this energy
propagates in fluid media. The basics of sound
propagation in fluid media:
• Plane Waves
• Radiation from Spheres
• Linear Apertures Beam Patterns
• Planar Apertures Beam Patterns
• Directivity and Directivity Index
• Scattering and Diffraction
• Radiation Impedance
• Transmission Phenomena
• Absorption and Attenuation of Sound
3. Equivalent Circuits. Transducers equivalent
electrical circuits. The relationship between transducer
parameters and performance. Analysis of transducer
designs:
• Mechanical Equivalent Circuits
• Acoustical Equivalent Circuits
• Combining Mechanical and Acoustical Equivalent
Circuits
4. Waves in Solid Media: A transducer is
constructed of solid structural elements. Background in
how sound waves propagate through solid media. This
section builds on the previous section and develops
equivalent circuit models for various transducer
elements. Piezoelectricity is introduced.
• Waves in Homogeneous, Elastic Solid Media
• Piezoelectricity
• The electro-mechanical coupling coefficient
• Waves in Piezoelectric, Elastic Solid Media.
5. Sonar Projectors. This section combines the
concepts of the previous sections and developes the
basic concepts of sonar projector design. Basic
concepts for modeling and analyzing sonar projector
performance will be presented. Examples of sonar
projectors will be presented and will include spherical
projectors, cylindrical projectors, half wave-length
projectors, tonpilz projectors, and flexural projectors.
Limitation on performance of sonar projectors will be
discussed.
6. Sonar Hydrophones. The basic concepts of
sonar hydrophone design will be reviewed. Analysis of
hydrophone noise and extraneous circuit noise that
may interfere with hydrophone performance.
• Elements of Sonar Hydrophone Design
• Analysis of Noise in Hydrophone and Preamplifier
Systems
• Specific Application in Sonar Hydronpone Design
• Hydrostatic hydrophones
• Spherical hydrophones
• Cylindrical hydrophones
• The affect of a fill fluid on hydrophone performance.

$1740

(8:30am - 4:00pm)


Summary

This three-day course is designed for sonar
system design engineers, managers, and system
engineers who wish to enhance their understanding
of sonar transducer design and how the sonar
transducer fits into and dictates the greater sonar
system design. Topics will be illustrated by worked
numerical examples and practical case studies.

Instructor

Mr. John C. Cochran is a Sr. Engineering Fellow
with Raytheon Integrated Defense
Systems., a leading provider of
integrated solutions for the
Departments of Defense and
Homeland Security. Mr. Cochran has
25 years of experience in the design
of sonar transducer systems. His
experience includes high frequency
mine hunting sonar systems, hull mounted search
sonar systems, undersea targets and decoys, high
power projectors, and surveillance sonar systems.
Mr. Cochran holds a BS degree from the University
of California, Berkeley, a MS degree from Purdue
University, and a MS EE degree from University of
California, Santa Barbara. He holds a certificate in
Acoustics Engineering from Pennsylvania State
University and Mr. Cochran has taught as a visiting
lecturer for the University of Massachusetts,
Dartmouth.

What You Will Learn
• Acoustic parameters that affect transducer
designs:
Aperture design
Radiation impedance
Beam patterns and directivity
• Fundamentals of acoustic wave transmission in
solids including the basics of piezoelectricity
Modeling concepts for transducer design.
• Transducer performance parameters that affect
radiated power, frequency of operation, and
bandwidth.
• Sonar projector design parameters Sonar
hydrophone design parameters.
From this course you will obtain the knowledge and
ability to perform sonar transducer systems
engineering calculations, identify tradeoffs, interact
meaningfully with colleagues, evaluate systems,
understand current literature, and how transducer
design fits into greater sonar system design.


Vol. 116 – 61

Military Standard 810G Testing
Understanding, Planning and Performing Climatic and Dynamic Tests

January 13-16, 2014
Cape Canaveral, Florida

February 4-7, 2014
Santa Clarita, California

$4110
Summary
This four-day class provides understanding of
the purpose of each test, the equipment required
to perform each test, and the methodology to
correctly apply the specified test environments.
Vibration and Shock methods will be covered
together with instrumentation, equipment, control
systems and fixture design. Climatic tests will be
discussed individually: requirements, origination,
equipment required, test methodology,
understanding of results.
The course emphasizes topics you will use
immediately. Suppliers to the military services
protectively install commercial-off-the-shelf
(COTS) equipment in our flight and land vehicles
and in shipboard locations where vibration and
shock can be severe. We laboratory test the
protected equipment (1) to assure twenty years
equipment survival and possible combat, also (2)
to meet commercial test standards, IEC
documents, military standards such as STANAG
or MIL-STD-810G, etc. Few, if any, engineering
schools cover the essentials about such
protection or such testing.

Instructor
Steve Brenner has worked in environmental
simulation and reliability testing for over
30 years, always involved with the latest
techniques for verifying equipment
integrity through testing. He has
independently consulted in reliability
testing since 1996. His client base
includes American and European
companies with mechanical and
electronic products in almost every industry. Steve's
experience includes the entire range of climatic and
dynamic testing, including ESS, HALT, HASS and long
term reliability testing.

What You Will Learn
When you visit an environmental test laboratory,
perhaps to witness a test, or plan or review a test
program, you will have a good understanding of the
requirements and execution of the 810G dynamics and
climatics tests. You will be able to ask meaningful
questions and understand the responses of test
laboratory personnel.
62 – Vol. 116

(8:00am - 4:00pm)


Course Outline
1. Introduction to Military Standard testing Dynamics.
• Introduction to classical sinusoidal vibration.
• Resonance effects
• Acceleration and force measurement
• Electrohydraulic shaker systems
• Electrodynamic shaker systems
• Sine vibration testing
• Random vibration testing
• Attaching test articles to shakers (fixture
design, fabrication and usage)
• Shock testing
2. Climatics.
• Temperature testing
• Temperature shock
• Humidity
• Altitude
• Rapid decompression/explosives
• Combined environments
• Solar radiation
• Salt fog
• Sand & Dust
• Rain
• Immersion
• Explosive atmosphere
• Icing
• Fungus
• Acceleration
• Freeze/thaw (new in 810G)
3. Climatics and Dynamics Labs demonstrations.
4. Reporting On And Certifying Test Results.


TOPICS for ON-SITE courses
ATI offers these courses AT YOUR LOCATION...customized for you!
Spacecraft & Aerospace Engineering
Attitude Determination & Control
Composite Materials for Aerospace Applications
Communications Payload Design and Satellite System Architecture
Design & Analysis of Bolted Joints
Effective Design Reviews for Aerospace Programs
Earth Station Design
GIS, GPS & Remote Sensing (Geomatics)
GPS Technology
Ground System Design & Operation
Introduction To Space
Launch Vehicle Selection, Performance & Use
New Directions in Space Remote Sensing
Orbital Mechanics: Ideas & Insights
Payload Integration & Processing
Remote Sensing for Earth Applications
Risk Assessment for Space Flight
Satellite Communications Systems – Advanced
Satellite Communication Introduction
Satellite Communication Systems Engineering
Satellite Design & Technology
Satellite RF Comm & Onboard Processing
Space-Based Laser Systems
Space Based Radar
Space Environment
Space Hardware Instrumentation
Space Mission Structures
Spacecraft QA, Integration & Testing
Spacecraft Structural Design
Spacecraft Systems Design & Engineering

Engineering & Data Analysis
Aerospace Simulations in C++
Advanced Topics in Digital Signal Processing
Antenna & Array Fundamentals
Digital Processing Systems Design
Exploring Data: Visualization
Fiber Optics Systems Engineering
Fundamentals of Statistics with Excel Examples
Grounding & Shielding for EMC
Kalman Filtering with Applications
Optimization, Modeling & Simulation
Practical Signal Processing Using MATLAB
Practical Design of Experiments
Self-Organizing Wireless Networks
Wavelets: A Conceptual, Practical Approach
Sonar & Acoustic Engineering
Acoustics, Fundamentals, Measurements and Applications
Advanced Undersea Warfare
Design & Use of Sonar Transducers
Design, Operation and Data Analysis of Side Scan Sonar Systems
Fundamentals of Sonar Transducers

Ocean Optics: Fundamentals
Random Vibration & Shock Testing – Fundamentals
Sonar Principles & ASW Analysis
Sonar Signal Processing
Submarines & Anti-Submarine Warfare
Underwater Acoustic Modeling
Vibration & Noise Control

Radar/Missile/Defense
Advanced Developments in Radar
AESA Airborne Radar Theory and Operations
C4ISR Requirements & Systems
Directed Infrared Countermeasures
(DIRCM) Principles
Electronic Warfare Overview
Electronic Warfare – Advanced
Explosives Technology and Modeling
Fundamentals of Link 16 / JTIDS /
MIDS
Fundamentals of Radar
Fundamentals of Rockets & Missiles
GPS Technology
Kalman, H-Infinity, & Nonlinear Estimation
Propagation Effects for Radar & Comm
Radar Signal Processing.
Radar System Design & Engineering
Multi-Target Tracking & Multi-Sensor Data Fusion
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Synthetic Aperture Radar – Advanced
Tactical Battlefield Communications Electronic Warfare
Tactical Missile Design & Engineering
Systems Engineering and Project Management
Breakthrough Thinking: Creative Solutions for Professional
Success
Certified Systems Engineer Professional Exam Preparation
Cost Estimating
Effective Design Review
Eureka Method: How to Think like an Inventor
Fundamentals of Systems Engineering
Model-based Systems Engineering Fundamentals
Principles Of Test & Evaluation
Project Management Fundamentals
Project Management Series
Systems Of Systems
Test Design And Analysis
Total Systems Engineering Development

Other Topics
Call us to discuss your requirements and objectives.
Our experts can tailor leading-edge cost-effective
courses to your specifications.

OUTLINES & INSTRUCTOR BIOS at
www.ATIcourses.com

Vol. 116 – 63

Boost Your Skills
with ATI On-site Training
Any Course Can Be Taught Economically For 8 or More
All ATI courses can easily be tailored to your specific applications and technologies. “On-site” training
represents a cost-effective, timely and flexible training solution with leading experts at your facility. Save
an average of 40% with an onsite (based on the cost of a public course).

Onsite Training Benefits
• Customized to your facility’s specific
applications
• 40 to 60 % discounts per/person
• Tailored course manuals for each student
• Industry expert instructors
• Confidential environment

How It Works
• Call or e-mail us with your course interest(s).
• Discuss your training objectives and audience.
• Identify which courses will meet your goals.
• ATI will prepare and send you a quote to review
with sample course material to present to your
supervisor.
• Schedule the presentation at your convenience.

• No obligation or risk until two weeks
before the event

• Conference with the instructor prior to the event.

• Multi-course program discounts

• ATI prepares and presents all materials and delivers measurable results.

• New courses can be developed to
meet your specific requirements

Via the Internet
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Ati space, satellite,aerospace,engineering technical training courses catalog Vol 116