This document discusses several ways that nanotechnology could enable advancements in space exploration and overcome challenges of operating in space. It describes how carbon nanotubes could be used to create strong yet lightweight space elevators and solar cells for power. Nanosensors and nanorobots could improve spacecraft performance. Nanotechnology may also lead to stronger yet flexible space suits and self-assembling protein-based structures. Quantum dots could help protect satellites from attacks. Overall, the document outlines the vast potential for nanotechnology to revolutionize space travel and make it safer and more affordable.

2. • What is Nanotechnology?
• Size of Nanomaterials?
• Diversity in Nanotechnology

3.  SPACE: Very Vast, a number of processes are
continually occurring here.
 All fields of science are interrelated in
Nanotechnology.(NO DISTINCTION)
 Advancements in Nanotechnology leading to
radical improvements:

4. • Practical space flights
• Light ware solar cells
• A cable for space elevator
• Cheaper rocket fuels leading to
cheap space exploration
• Improved performance due to
nanosensors and nanorobots

6.  Gravity is one of the most
fundamental forces in the
universe.
 Acceleration due to gravity near
the Earth’s surface is 9.8 m/s2
this is called 1 ‘g’.

7.  Once in orbit
spacecraft and
space stations are
microgravity
environments.
 As they “fall”
around the Earth
astronauts
experience
weightlessness.

8.  The microgravity
environment of
space can be used by
scientists to remove
the effects of gravity
while undertaking
experiments.

9.  Life on Earth has
developed in a 1 ‘g’
environment and many
of our bodies system
rely on gravity.
 The reliance of the
human body on gravity
is clearly seen when
gravity is removed.

10.  When exposed to a microgravity environment
humans experience many side effects.
 Headward fluid shift or “Puffy Face” is the first
effect noticed as the absence of gravity allows
blood to move from the lower body to the
head.

11.  The microgravity
environment causes a rapid
loss of bone density.
 This is thought to be
caused by gravity playing a
role in the generation of
the hormones responsible
for bone growth.

12.  In the absence of
gravity muscles in
the legs and back
begin to weaken
and atrophy as they
are no longer
required to support
the weight of the
astronauts.

13.  Space Motion Sickness is
experienced by more than
50% of all astronauts
during their first few days
exposure to microgravity.
 It results in nausea and
vomiting and is
detrimental to crew
performance.

14.  The spacecraft or space
station must provide a
pressurised environment,
safe air and drinking
water.
 The environment must be
monitored to avoid
microbial contamination
this leads to a decrease
in the astronaut’s
immune function.

15.  Astronauts are
exposed to ionizing
radiation from the sun.
 The effects of
radiation are separated
into two categories:
acute and long term.

16.  The acute effects of radiation exposure are
those that are immediately seen:
◦ Nausea
◦ Vomiting
◦ Skin-reddening
◦ Dehydration
 Because only moderate doses of radiation are
encountered these effects aren’t usually seen
in astronauts.

17.  The long term effects of
radiation exposure are
much more dangerous to
astronauts.
 The passage of a charged
particle through a cell
causes ionisation of the
cellular structure causing
cell death.
 Most dangerous is the
non-lethal mutation of
DNA molecules which can
lead to cancer.

18.  In order to understand
the effect of space on
biology scientists study
plants and animals in
space.
 This is important not
only for biological
study but also for
investigating plants for
food and environmental
functions in space.

19. Space physics and
nanotechnolgy

20. •Lower weight
•Better performance

21. Why reinvent the wheel?

22. • Physics tries to explain
the universe using
fundamental laws and
mathematics.
physics
• Space is the
boundless three-
dimensional extent in
which objects and
events have relative
position and direction
space
Space
physics

23. Space navigation
Operate from
ground
Special equipment
to nevigate
Use positions of
known objects

24. Atmosphere having radiations
Each particle having own energy transfer characteristics
Simultaneous receipt makes difficult y for protection
Shielding of personnel and sensitive electronic equipment
At nanolevel, electronics become radiation tolerant
Shielding radiation

25. Space suit
•Light weight flexible suits
•Thin layered
•Nanosuits madeof self assembling protein
based nanounits
•Move freely when problem is detected
•Provide emergency medication

26. Space elevator
Provide alternative way to carry on things
Conventional elevators fitted with cables
Carbon nanotubes

27. Solar cells would be placed on the space elevator cars. By
shining onto the solar cells, the system would receive the
power required to drive a car up or down the cable. This
energy system would reduce the weight that would have
been taken up by storing fuel in the car, leaving more
capacity for cargo

29.  Scientists are manipulating light
 so soldiers seem to disappear.
 Scientists are also working on
 "electrochromic camouflage"
 –
 fabric which changes colors
 instantly to blend in with the
 surroundings.

30. Nano sensors
•To monitor level of chemicals in space craft
•Consume less poer, efficient ,tiny and cheap
•Biosensors used to maintain astronaut health
•Spider web idea

31. Anti-satellite weapon countermeasure
Raytheon Company has developed a counter
measure system using quantum dots to protect
space assets such as satellites from missile
attacks. They have developed a decoy consisting of
quantum dots of different sizes and shapes that are
engineered to emit radiation

32. Other applications
 Nano leds
 Robotics
 Infrared ear thermometers
 Instant medication

33. Current miissions
In February 2016, NASA formally started the Wide Field Infrared Survey
Telescope (WFIRST). WFIRST will aid researchers in their efforts to
unravel the secrets of dark energy and dark matter, and explore the
evolution of the cosmos. It will also discover new worlds outside our
solar system and advance the search for worlds that could be suitable
for life.
The goal of the MAVEN mission is not to search for life but to find out
how so much of the atmosphere escaped, leading to a lessening of the
greenhouse effect, thereby turning the planet into the frozen world we
see today

34.  It is the study of abundance and reactions of
chemical elements and molecules in the
universe and their interactions with
radiations.

35.  Identification of spectral lines:
To identify the composition of
astronomical objects from light they emit.

36.  Molecular cloud:
Star , stellar nursery , is a type of
interstellar cloud which permits the formation
of molecules mostly molecular hydrogen.

37.  Chemical means of propulsion of space
crafts:
 Space explorations:

38.  Spider webs of nanotubes :
used to blanket large areas of planets’s
surface.