Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, 9/18/2002
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Presentation made to the Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference in Bethesda, MD 9.18.02. An assessment of the importance of micro-environmental variation on resulting stress and strains levels at the microarchitecture of bone.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
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Course overview for Rice University course entitled Engineering and Design for Art Conservation. http://edaac.rice.edu
Design and Characterization of Cellular Solids from Modeling through Solid Fr...
Presentation given to the Solid Freeform Fabrication Conference, Austin, TX 8/2006
ABSTRACT
Cellular solids studies the mechanical effects of the material arrangement of architectures for the goal of designing materials which are lightweight and possess high structural integrity. These architectures present themselves frequently in structural members in nature (bone, plant stalks, and porous rock) and are now used frequently in design (tissue engineering scaffolds, mechanical design). Until now however, physical studies of these architectures have been completed using molding techniques (for 2D) and random models (for 3D). Rapid prototyping (RP) provides high repeatability during replication which decreases error in studied samples and can serve to reduce the number of conflicting variables which confound the development of structural relationships. In this study we designed and characterized four geometric solids from the Platonic and Archimedean set of polyhedra, the simplest architectures that exist in nature which exhibit symmetry and order. Multiple models of these polyhedra were generated using computer aided design at similar topologies but with varying volume fractions. Employing finite element analysis we analyzed the structures with simulated uni-axial linear compressive tests. We then built actual models of the architectures using solid laser sintering (SLS) with a Sinterstation 2500Plus. The architectures were printed at porosities of 80% and 90% by volume with a bounding box of 2cm x 2cm x 2cm. After printing of the models, they were scanned with micro-computed tomography (µCT) as a validation of the use of SLS for fabrication of computer modeled architectures. Finally, the architectures were compressed to fracture using an MTS, validating the modeling component of the design and providing information which will allow for the determination of relationships which govern the material arrangement and resulting mechanical properties. These results of this study are useful in the development of models which directly relate complex architecture to mechanical properties; these models can be used to develop any architecture based on given input parameters such as porosity, surface area, connectivity and fracture pattern.
Poster: Tailoring the Mechanical Environment of Scaffolds with Computer Aided...
ABSTRACT
Tailoring the Mechanical Environment of Scaffolds with Computer Aided Design and Rapid Prototyping
Wettergreen MA, Bucklen BS, Mikos AG, Liebschner MAK
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
While porous scaffolds have shown success in stimulating tissue growth, the random organization of the microarchitecture results in regions exhibiting large variability in mechanical properties. Stress profiles on the scaffold surface depend upon the volume fraction and may vary wildly, presenting regions, which may be unsuitable for cell attachment and viability. If a regular/repeatable architecture is provided, the mechanical environment can be predetermined. We and others have previously demonstrated that rapid prototyping can be utilized to create scaffolds with designed, repeated architecture. The goal of this study was to evaluate a library of CAD designed architectures for tissue engineering. Regular polyhedra based on the Archimedean and Platonic solids and architectures taken from current literature were compared against randomized architecture using finite element analysis. The results demonstrated that for a specific material volume fraction but varying spatial distribution, Young’s Modulus may vary by two orders of magnitude, thus illustrating the dependence of strength upon architecture. Additionally, the stress profile for the designed architectures exhibit peaks at specific stress levels and scaffolds with grossly dissimilar geometry exhibited similar stress profiles. Scaffolds with tailored mechanical properties may be assembled from the unit architectures. The scaffolds may be fabricated from any desired material using rapid prototyping and negative molding and may be helpful for treating defects which require the scaffold to bear mechanical loading.
Optimization Of Scaffold Regeneration Process Using Negative Templates Create...
Presentation given at the Plastic Surgery Research Council, June 2004
ABSTRACT
Optimization Of Scaffold Regeneration Process Using Negative Templates Created Using Computer Aided Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineered Composite Bone Cement For Reinforcing Osteoporotic Bone, 4/...
ABSTRACT
Tissue Engineered Composite Bone Cement For Reinforcing Osteoporotic Bone
Matthew Wettergreen, Michael A.K. Liebschner
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
INTRODUCTION: Injectable materials for use in vertebroblasty and kyphoplasty have been augmented with micro- or nano- sized particles to increase the overall mechanical strength of the composite material. These studies have focused solely on the improvement of the mechanical properties through the adjustment of geometry, architecture, and degradation profile of the material. The goal of the current study was the generation of a porous material, with a controlled rate of degradation, which can be used for injection purposes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: By focusing on the engineering of an interconnected pore structure, a high surface area to volume ratio can be created, increasing the strength of the material while maintaining porosity. A novel injectable bone cement is created using a Calcium Phosphate slurry with solid phase polypropylene fumarate (PPF) particulates of engineered architecture. The PPF is formed into macrosize (~750um) two-dimensional star-like shapes using rapid prototyping technology and molding processes. The star shape is designed to seal the spaces between adjacent trabeculae, which have a spacing of approximately 1mm. Plugging of the inter-trabecular spacing should aid in the containment of the liquid bone cement during injection, preventing the common problem of overfilling.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal volume percent and +/-10% volume percent of PPF is introduced into the viscous material to create the injectable composite. The three formulations are then injected into cylindrical volumes for testing purposes. After curing, the samples are scanned on a µCT 80 (Scanco Medical, Basserdorf, Switzerland) with a resolution of 10um. Incorporation of a contrast agent will allow the visualization of each phase of the composite material using µCT. The scans will be used to evaluate the interconnected void spaces formed when the PPF degrades. A degradation study is performed to evaluate the degradation of the PPF micro-particles. Degraded samples will be mechanically tested to evaluate whether degradation of the microparticles reduces the mechanical strength of the cements to levels insufficient for usage in vertebroblasty and kyphoplasty. By using a composite material consisting of a liquid element phase, an ordered pore structure can be generated. The cured material may promote bone growth and could ultimately improve the biomechanical quality of the regenerated trabecular bone in a vertebral body after treatment. The incorporation of geometric shapes and regulated architecture into liquid injectable materials could be used in vertebroblasty and kyphoplasty for reinforcement or bone fracture repair.
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Engineering and Design for Art Conservation: Course Introduction
Engineering and Design for Art Conservation: Course Introduction
Design and Characterization of Cellular Solids from Modeling through Solid Fr...
Design and Characterization of Cellular Solids from Modeling through Solid Fr...
Poster: Tailoring the Mechanical Environment of Scaffolds with Computer Aided...
Poster: Tailoring the Mechanical Environment of Scaffolds with Computer Aided...
Optimization Of Scaffold Regeneration Process Using Negative Templates Create...
Optimization Of Scaffold Regeneration Process Using Negative Templates Create...
Tissue Engineered Composite Bone Cement For Reinforcing Osteoporotic Bone, 4/...
Tissue Engineered Composite Bone Cement For Reinforcing Osteoporotic Bone, 4/...
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Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, 9/18/2002
- 1. Scaffold Optimization for Load Bearing Applications Rice University Department of Bioengineering Michael Liebschner, Ph.D. Matthew Wettergreen
- 3. Bone Replacement Material Autograft Allograft/Xenograft Synthetic Material Bone Tumor Joint Replacement Bony Fusion
- 5. Levels for Considerations in Tissue Engineering
- 6. Structural Levels to Consider Whole Bone Level Tissue Level
- 12. FE Models Rhombitruncated Cuboctahedron Porosity – 91.4% #Elements – 35326 Truncated Octahedron Porosity – 91.55% #Elements – 30399 Truncated Hexahedron Porosity – 91.5% #Elements – 22651 Cancellous Bone Porosity – 91.5% #Elements – 246720
- 14. FEM Simulated Deformation Truncated Octahedron
- 15. Results
- 16. Results Elastic Modulus 5.01e 9 3.04e 8 3.37e 9 Truncated Octahedron 3.58e 8 4.51e 8 Ultimate Stress Peak Stress Peak Load Ultimate Strength Stiffness Cancellous Bone 2.65e 9 2.37e 9 Truncated Hexahedron 4.224e 12 1.49e 9 Rhombitruncated Cuboctahedron
- 20. Material Property Mismatch 520 pixels, ~5.0 mm 520 pixels, ~5.5 mm 520 pixels, ~5.0 mm Isotrain Isostress Displacement Stress Continuity Continuity Bone Mass _ + 0 200 MESr MESp MESm 3000 >4000 Atrophy Necrosis Hypertrophy Individual physiological usage 1000
- 21. NEW BONE Cultured Scaffold Bioreactor Simulating In-Vivo Loads Stress-Strain Analysis In -Vitro Scaffold Engineering MicroCT Analysis of Tissue Growth Original Bone Scaffold AO Research Institute Manufacturing of Optimized Scaffolds
- 22. Scaffold-Bone Load Transfer During Scaffold Degradation Scaffold Bone Time Percent load bearing 100 0