This document summarizes 7 articles related to orthodontic miniscrews. The articles studied factors that influence miniscrew stability and success rates, such as insertion method/tool, miniscrew design, bone characteristics, and insertion torque values. Key findings included that motorized insertion tools and thicker cortical bone promoted higher success rates and stability. Recommended insertion torque was below 20 Ncm to avoid fractures. Miniscrew diameter, length, and design also impacted stability measurements like insertion, removal and fracture torques. The studies provided information to optimize miniscrew performance and outcomes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Rotator cuff tears are a very common cause of shoulder pain. Surgery is very successful in improving pain but biological augmentation is aimed at improving the healing rate. Amniotic membrane allografts, PRP (platelet rich plasma) and stem cells are all currently popular options.
This study is an In vitro analysis of amniotic membrane allograft as a potential agent for biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair performed by Dr Adnan Saithna, Orthopedic Surgeon, AZBSC Orthopedics
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Rotator cuff tears are a very common cause of shoulder pain. Surgery is very successful in improving pain but biological augmentation is aimed at improving the healing rate. Amniotic membrane allografts, PRP (platelet rich plasma) and stem cells are all currently popular options.
This study is an In vitro analysis of amniotic membrane allograft as a potential agent for biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair performed by Dr Adnan Saithna, Orthopedic Surgeon, AZBSC Orthopedics
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field
This report focuses on study of behavior of a human knee cartilage on application of point load. A cartilage is a tissue which covers the long bones at the knee joint.it is known as articular cartilage in the medical world. It prevents osteoarthritis and other knee related injuries. The main challenge of this project was to define material properties of bone and cartilage in ANSYS workbench. Initially the physical structure and function of knee bone and cartilage is defined and all the material properties are defined in workbench and in the subsequent section a thorough explicit analysis is done on ANSYS workbench and force vs displacement, internal energy-time graphs are plotted. Next, a structural and 2D analysis done in ANSYS –APDL. Next an explicit analysis done in LS-Dyna and plots for displacement-force and Internal energy-time are determined.
This report focuses on study of behavior of a human knee cartilage on application of point load. A cartilage is a tissue which covers the long bones at the knee joint.it is known as articular cartilage in the medical world. It prevents osteoarthritis and other knee related injuries. The main challenge of this project was to define material properties of bone and cartilage in ANSYS workbench. Initially the physical structure and function of knee bone and cartilage is defined and all the material properties are defined in workbench and in the subsequent section a thorough explicit analysis is done on ANSYS workbench and force vs displacement, internal energy-time graphs are plotted. Next, a structural and 2D analysis done in ANSYS –APDL. Next an explicit analysis done in LS-Dyna and plots for displacement-force and Internal energy-time are determined.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
“One-Piece” Immediate-Load Post-Extraction Implant In Maxillary Central IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary central incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of an one-piece implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration.
Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted.
Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the one-piece Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site.
Conclusion: The “One-piece” dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort and most importantly preservation of tissues. The one-piece implant design resulted in a high cumulative implant survival rate and beneficial marginal bone levels.
6° Presentazione del workshop finale del progetto Custom Implants
Custom-Endoprotesi
Le superfici articolari affette da gravi degenerazioni sono sostituite da endoprotesi artificiali. L’attuale limitatissimo numero di taglie disponibili ingenera importanti problemi tra la protesi e l’osso ospitante, che porta spesso al fallimento della sostituzione. Con i nuovi strumenti a disposizione (immagini biomedicali, software di ricostruzione, modelli biomeccanici, ecc.) e la recente tecnologia di stampa-3D si sono progettate nuove protesi articolari personalizzate per la caviglia.
Principali settori indirizzati: Farmaceutico, biomedico, chimico, biologico, ingegneria tissutale, clinico
Sito web del progetto: www.custom-implants.it
Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in dentistry.
However, failures do occur in the range from 5 to 8% for routine procedures and up to 20% in major grafting cases after at least 5 years of function . The majority of implant losses may be explained as biomechanically induced failures, since low primary implant stability, low bone density, short implants and overload have been identified as risk factors . Hence, achievement and maintenance of implant stability are pre-conditions for a successful clinical outcome with dental implants.
The review focuses on different methods used to assess implant stability and recent advances in this field
This report focuses on study of behavior of a human knee cartilage on application of point load. A cartilage is a tissue which covers the long bones at the knee joint.it is known as articular cartilage in the medical world. It prevents osteoarthritis and other knee related injuries. The main challenge of this project was to define material properties of bone and cartilage in ANSYS workbench. Initially the physical structure and function of knee bone and cartilage is defined and all the material properties are defined in workbench and in the subsequent section a thorough explicit analysis is done on ANSYS workbench and force vs displacement, internal energy-time graphs are plotted. Next, a structural and 2D analysis done in ANSYS –APDL. Next an explicit analysis done in LS-Dyna and plots for displacement-force and Internal energy-time are determined.
This report focuses on study of behavior of a human knee cartilage on application of point load. A cartilage is a tissue which covers the long bones at the knee joint.it is known as articular cartilage in the medical world. It prevents osteoarthritis and other knee related injuries. The main challenge of this project was to define material properties of bone and cartilage in ANSYS workbench. Initially the physical structure and function of knee bone and cartilage is defined and all the material properties are defined in workbench and in the subsequent section a thorough explicit analysis is done on ANSYS workbench and force vs displacement, internal energy-time graphs are plotted. Next, a structural and 2D analysis done in ANSYS –APDL. Next an explicit analysis done in LS-Dyna and plots for displacement-force and Internal energy-time are determined.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
“One-Piece” Immediate-Load Post-Extraction Implant In Maxillary Central IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary central incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of an one-piece implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration.
Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted.
Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the one-piece Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site.
Conclusion: The “One-piece” dental implant and provisional restoration provided the patient with immediate esthetics, function, comfort and most importantly preservation of tissues. The one-piece implant design resulted in a high cumulative implant survival rate and beneficial marginal bone levels.
6° Presentazione del workshop finale del progetto Custom Implants
Custom-Endoprotesi
Le superfici articolari affette da gravi degenerazioni sono sostituite da endoprotesi artificiali. L’attuale limitatissimo numero di taglie disponibili ingenera importanti problemi tra la protesi e l’osso ospitante, che porta spesso al fallimento della sostituzione. Con i nuovi strumenti a disposizione (immagini biomedicali, software di ricostruzione, modelli biomeccanici, ecc.) e la recente tecnologia di stampa-3D si sono progettate nuove protesi articolari personalizzate per la caviglia.
Principali settori indirizzati: Farmaceutico, biomedico, chimico, biologico, ingegneria tissutale, clinico
Sito web del progetto: www.custom-implants.it
Cylindrical & conical mini implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)Khaled Wafaie
Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant).
I am hoping that this presentation is beneficial for everyone
For more information and for further contact join us on ( Orthodontic Institution) Group on Facebook.
Experimental stress analysis and fea of dental implantseSAT Journals
Abstract Dental implants are used as prosthetic treatment alternatives made of Titanium for treating partial edentulism in patients. The
oessointegration of bone and implant at the interface is of utmost importance as the success or failure of a dental implant depends
on the manner in which stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. The osseointegrated dental implant plays a role similar
to that of natural teeth as it is exposed to static and dynamic loadings continuously. However, the functional forces in
Osseointegrated dental implant are transmitted directly to the jaw bone as compared to the natural teeth where there is a healthy
periodontium. This could cause micro-fracture at the bone-implant interface, fracture of implant, loosening of components of
implant system and unwanted bone resorption. Therefore, it is essential to understand stress concentration on implants at the
bone implant interface. This study aims in investigating and monitoring the stresses along the bone implant interface for different
types of dental implant .Photo elastic stress analysis was carried on four commercial implants with varying diameter and same
length, and the verification of the experimental results was done using finite element analysis.
Keywords: Dental Implant, Photoelasticity, Stress Analysis, Implant Bone Interface, FEA
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This presentation has videos and more surgical aspects of recent advances in Implant dentistry.This is different from other presentations in this platform since it is stuffed with most recent articles and informations
Orthodontic implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND STATIC LOADING IN DENTAL IMPLANT WITH INNOVATIVE ...indexPub
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how different crown materials affect stress transformation and distribution around both dental implants. To do this, integrated and combined crowns were built, modelled, and tested under static axial loads using various material combinations. The biomechanical response was then examined. Methods: A validated three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of crown supported by implant was developed by to evaluate the effect of the different type of material (E max, zirconia, composite) on the short implant. After the FE models had been validated, simulations utilizing various configurations of various crowns fixed to two distinct types of implants were run and subjected to static loading to ascertain the distribution of stresses inside the bone around the implants. Result: The comparative results showed that manufacturing the crown using softer material (i.e., materials with lower elastic modulus) reduced the stress distribution in crown, implant and cancellous bone. It may refer to this phenomenon that softer material can absorb more energy from the applied compressive load, and result in transferring less energy to the implant and jaw bone. However, this effect was not significant on cortical bone compared to the cancellous bone. Combination of different materials for design and manufacturing the crown can alter the biomechanical response and could be beneficial for decreasing the stress distribution in implant and spongy region of jaw bone when stiffer material is needed to be covered in upper surface of the crown. In addition, the results suggests that shorter implant can increase the stress distribution in both cortical and cancellous bone. Conclusion: by using stiff material the stress will increase on the parts of implant and the surrounding bone which may led to failure of implant or bone resorption around of the implant, in other way by using less stiffer material the possibility of success will be increased and also the success rate of the implant is increased, also before deciding which implant size and length are used you select which type of the prosthetic will be used.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. A Combined Report of 7 Articles
Related to Miniscrews
By – Vikram Sachan
128/04/2020
2. Outline
1. Comparison of success rates of orthodontic miniscrews by the insertion method.
2. Miniscrew design and bone characteristics: An experimental study of primary stability.
3. Peak Torque Values at Fracture of Orthodontic Miniscrews.
4. Evaluation of insertion, removal and fracture torques of different orthodontic mini-implants in
bovine tibia cortex.
5. Insertion Torque of Orthodontic Miniscrews According to Changes in Shape, Diameter and
Length.
6. Fracture Resistance of orthodontic mini implants a biomechanical in vitro study.
7. The effect of insertion angle on orthodontic mini-screw torque.
28/04/2020 2
3. Comparison of success rates of
orthodontic miniscrews by the
insertion method
Jung Suk Kima, Seong Hwan Choib, Sang Kwon Chaa, Jang Han Kima, Hwa Jin Leea, Sang Seon
Yeoma, Chung Ju Hwangb
Goun Miso Dental Clinic, Seongnam, Korea
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei
University, Seoul, Korea
Published - 2012
28/04/2020 3
4. Goal – Compare Motor Hand Piece and Manual Screw Driver success rate.
4
Advantages Disadvantages
Maintains constant rotational speed throughout
surgery.
Expensive.
Provides adequate Torque and power. Require pre-setting of the motor before the
insertion procedure.
Can stabilize the orientation or angle of the
drilling, decrease the risk of mini-screw fracture at
the apex by preventing excessive pressure during
self-drilling, and maintain a constant drilling
speed.
Inexperienced orthodontist may cause the mini-
screws to wobble or wiggle out of place, and
stability can be compromised.
Reduced risk of NiTi file breakage.
By implementing auto stop mechanism, becomes
safer against fracture.
Useful for stabilizing the orientation of insertion
the palate or most posterior area of the mouth.
Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of using Motor hand piece
28/04/2020
6. Conclusions
1. Hand drivers provides better tactile sensation and awareness with respect to insertion angle
and force for beginners.
2. The overall success rate was higher when the engine driver was used, which gives higher
success rates with 8-mm-long mini-screws.
3. Regarding gender, success rates were significantly higher in men when the engine driver was
used. In women no statistically significant difference, with respect to insertion method, was
found.
4. Regarding insertion sites, higher success rates were observed in the maxilla than in the
mandible.
5. The engine driver improved the success rate of miniscrew placement in both the maxilla and
the mandible, the amount of improvement in success rates by using the engine driver was
significantly higher in the mandible.
6. The engine driver is one of the helpful tool for improving the initial stability and success rate of
orthodontic miniscrews.
628/04/2020
7. Miniscrew design and bone characteristics:
An experimental study of primary stability
Marco Migliorati, Stefano Benedicenti, Alessio Signori, Sara Drago,
Fabrizio Barberis, Henry Tournier,f and Armando Silvestrini-Biavatig
Genoa, Italy
Published - 2011
28/04/2020 7
8. Goal - To evaluate the correlations between Bone characteristics, Orthodontic miniscrew designs,
and Primary stability.
Methodology –
1. 4 different miniscrews were placed in pig ribs.
2. Scanning Electron Microscope is used to obtain measurable images of the threads.
3. The maximum insertion torque of the screws and the maximum load value in the pullout force
tests were measured.
4. Bone specimen characteristics were analyzed by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.
5. The insertion site cortical thickness as well as both cortical and marrow bone density were
evaluated.
6. The nonparametric Kendall rank correlation (tau) was used to evaluate the strength of the
associations among the characteristics measured.
7. No predrilling pilot hole is used during insertion of miniimplants.
8. In a pull-out test a universal testing machine with a 10-kN load cell was used; sensibility of the
load cell was 0.1 N.
9. A crosshead speed of 2 mm/min was applied in a controlled environment at 27 deg. C and 70%
humidity. The maximum load and screw displacement at peak load were measured.
28/04/2020 8
10. Conclusions
1. For pull-out force, maximum insertion torque, and
cortical bone thickness, no differences were
observed among the groups.
2. Temporary skeletal anchorage devices placed into
thick cortical bone sites had better stability than
those inserted into thin cortical bone sites.
3. Higher bone density does not particularly affect the
resistance of insertion of the screws but might
result in better stability when tested with a pull-out
test.
4. Cortical thickness was not found to be correlated
with maximum insertion torque but was positively
associated with pull-out force. Thus, it is mainly the
thickness (quantity) and not the density (quality) of
the cortical bone that guarantees the stability of
miniscrews.
28/04/2020
10
11. 5. Measured insertion torque by self-drilling (14.5 Ncm) and predrilling (9.2 Ncm).
6. 8-10 Ncm insertion torque value was recommended to increase the success rate of predrilling
screws.
7. A lower insertion torque value could indicate weaker clinical primary stability of the screws, and
a higher insertion torque value might produce tighter bone contact.
8. Cortical thickness and marrow bone density play key roles in the mechanical interlock between
the threads of the screws and the bone structure.
9. Differences in cortical bone thickness were more relevant for initial stability of the miniscrews
than cortical bone quality.28/04/2020 11
12. Peak Torque Values at Fracture
of Orthodontic Miniscrews
TYLER H. JOLLEY, DMD
CHUN-HSI CHUNG, DMD, MS
Published - 2007
28/04/2020 12
13. Goal – To evaluate Peak Torque Values at the Fracture point.
Methodology –
1. Twenty miniscrews each from five different manufacturers were tested:
a) Orlus Orthodontic Mini-Implant, 1.6mm in diameter (1.2mm core diameter), 7mm long.
b) Dual-Top Anchor System, 1.6mm in diameter (1mm core diameter), 6mm long.
c) LOMAS Quattro, 1.5mm in diameter (1mm core diameter), 7mm long.
d) Temporary Orthodontic Micro Anchorage System (TOMAS), 1.6mm in diameter (1.2mm
core diameter), 8mm long.
e) Ortho Implant, 1.8mm in diameter (1.5mm core diameter), 6mm long.
2. A selfdrilling miniscrew was inserted directly through the gingival or oral mucosa into bone.
3. A non-selfdrilling miniscrew was inserted through a pilot hole that has been drilled into the
bone with a bur with a depth of 3mm and a diameter of 1.3mm.
4. Polycarbonate (PC 1000) rods of 1" in diameter, were cut into 100:1"-long sections.
5. If the miniscrew did not fracture, its peak torque value was recorded when it had been screwed
completely into the rod, with the screw head at the rod surface.
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14. 6. A Screwdriver was inserted into the Jacobs chuck of an Imada torque wrench which was driven
into the pilot hole by turning the screwdriver clockwise at 6 rpm.
7. A Student t-test was used to determine the statistical significance of the differences in mean
torque values among the miniscrew types.
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15. Conclusions –
1. The largest-diameter screw (Ortho Implant) emerging as the strongest and the smallest-
diameter screw (LOMAS Quattro) as the weakest bond between bone and screw.
2. All the miniscrews were inserted through 1.3 mm pilot holes, the smaller-diameter miniscrews
might have required less insertion force than usual, thus increasing their apparent torque
strengths.
3. Miniscrew strength could also be affected by the thread design and the material composition -
in particular, whether the alloy contains hard or soft titanium.
4. For successful anchorage of miniscrew, the mechanical lock (torque) of the screw in the bone
must withstand the applied force.
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16. Evaluation of insertion, removal and
fracture torques of different orthodontic
mini-implants in bovine tibia cortex
Maria Fernanda Prates da Nova, Fernanda Ribeiro Carvalho, Carlos
Nelson Elias, Flavia Artese
Published - 2008
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17. Goal - To Evaluate mini-implants of different sizes for the following factors: (a) insertion torque, (b) removal
torque, (c) fracture torque, (d) shear tension, (e) normal tension and (f) type of fracture.
Methodology-
1. 20 self-drilling mini-implants were used, 10 manufactured by SIN and 10 by Neodent, measuring 8 and 7
mm in length, respectively and all with 1.6 mm in diameter.
2. 10 mini-implants, for each brand, 5 did not have a neck and the other 5 had a 2 mm neck, and were
separated into 4 groups: SIN without neck (S), SIN with neck (SN), Neodent without neck (N) and Neodent
with neck (NN).
3. All mini-implants were inserted into bone cortex and removed with a low speed handpiece connected to
a digital torque meter.
4. The mini-implants were also submitted to a fracture test.
5. The Insertion, Removal and Fracture torques, as well as the calculated Shear and Normal Tensions were
compared between all groups using ANOVA.
6. The type of fracture was assessed by a Scanning Electron Microscope.
Conclusion -
1. The greater the diameter, the greater is the insertion torque, since it is proportional to the contact area
between mini-implant and bone.
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21. 2. Absence of the neck seems not to affect insertion or removal torques.
3. Recommended limiting insertion torque should be 20 Ncm in order to avoid fractures.
4. An increase in the cross-section diameter of the mini-implant was followed by an increase in
fracture torque.
5. The smaller core diameter and the greater insertion torques can explain the smaller resistance
to fractures of the mini-implants
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21
22. Insertion Torque of Orthodontic
Miniscrews According to Changes in
Shape, Diameter and Length
Seon-A Lima; Jung-Yul Chab; Chung-Ju Hwang
Published - 2007
28/04/2020 22
23. Methodology –
1. The maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a
torque tester at a constant speed of 3 rpm.
2. Cylindrical and taper type of miniscrews (Biomaterials Korea Inc,
Seoul, Korea) with different lengths, diameters, and pitches were
tested.
3. Rotational axis of the torque tester was rotated clockwise at a
speed of 3 rpm, and the torque values were recorded every 0.1
second using a computer program.
4. A weight of 470 g was attached to the rotational axis of the
torque tester and a dial indicator depth gauge with 1/100 mm of
accuracy was used.
5. A Kruskal-Wallis significance test was performed at α = 0.05 level
of significance to determine the changes in MIT according to the
length and width of the miniscrew.
Goal - To determine the variation in the insertion torque of orthodontic miniscrews according to the
screw Length, Diameter, and Shape.
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27. Conclusions –
1. In the 1.5-mm thick cortical bone, the MIT value increase with increasing in screw length for
both the cylindrical and taper type screws.
2. The MIT of the implant increased with increasing screw length in the cylindrical type, there was
a significant difference in MIT according to the change in length.
3. The cylindrical type required a longer period of time to penetrate the bone than the tapered
type screw.
4. The torque of the screw implant increased rapidly in the last part of the incomplete thread
region of the cylindrical type and the sloped region for the tapered type because the outside
diameter remains constant in the cylindrical type, while the upper portion of the incomplete
part (0.5–1 pitch) of the thread widens.
5. The change in diameter, length and cortical bone thickness caused the change in torque and
greatest change in stress.
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28. Fracture Resistance of
orthodontic mini implants a
biomechanical in vitro study
Benedict Wilmes, Agamemnon Panayotidis and Dieter Drescher
Department of Orthodontics, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
Published - 2011
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29. Goal – To determine the Fracture Resistance and
cause of mini screws.
Methodology –
1. 41 different mini-implants with diameters ranging
from 1.3 to 2.0 mm were inserted in acrylic glass
by a robot system.
2. Predrilling was performed using a bench drilling
machine at 915 rpm.
3. 10 mini-implants of each type were manually
inserted using the handheld screwdriver of the
respective mini-implant system
4. The insertion torque was measured and the
maximum torque at the time of mini-implant
fracture was evaluated.
5. Significance of the mean value differences was
evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis tests.
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31. Results
1. Three different fracture types were identified depending on the mini-implant type and the
driver shaft employed:
2. Most of the mini-implants fractured at the level of the acrylic block (Figure 7a), which clinically
represents the surface of the cortical bone.
3. The self-tapping type of the Tomas pin fractured between the head and the thread of the mini-
implant (Figure 7b).
4. The Dual Top Screw (G2) fractured at the interface to the driver (Figure 7c).
Figure 7 Mini-implant fracture at (a) the level of the acrylic block (Dual Top 2 × 10 mm) (b) between the head and the thread
of the mini-implant (self-tapping type Tomas pin), and (c) at the interface to the driver [employing the cross driver shaft, Dual
Top Screw (G2)].
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32. Conclusions
1. The diameter of the mini-implant had a major impact on
fracture torque values.
2. Predrilling is a good approach to reduce fractures and
failures. However, lengthy process than self-drilling
screws.
3. Using a torque-controlled driver can reduce the risk of
fracture and failure. A more reliable alternative is a dental
surgical unit with electronic torque control.
4. It is recommended to adjust the insertion torque limit to a
value lower than the lowest fracture value.
5. If mini-implants are inserted at a site with high bone
quality, pre-drilling is important even for self-drilling mini-
implants to minimize the risk of mini-implant fracture.
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33. The effect of insertion angle on
orthodontic mini-screw torque
Seyed Hamid Raji, Saeed Noorollahian, Seyed Mohsen Niknam
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Published – 2013
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34. Methodology –
1. 72 mini-screws (Dual Top Anchor System, Jeil, 1.6 mm diameter, 8
mm length) were used.
2. All were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and inserted in poly
carbonate plates with 3 mm thickness.
3. The maximum insertion torque (MIT) and maximum removal
torque (MRT) were recorded using a digital torque
tester/screwdriver.
4. Each group had a different insertion angle (90, 75, 60 and 45
degree ).
5. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) using one-
way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests. The level of significance
was set at 0.05.
Goal – To determine the Effect of Insertion Angle on orthodontic mini-screw torque.
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35. Conclusions –
1. Changing the insertion angle from 90o to 75o resulted in MIT decrease (P < 0.001), but the
change from 75o to 60o increased the MIT (P < 0.001).
2. Decreasing the insertion angle from 60o to 45o also resulted in the increase of MIT (P = 0.428).
3. Decreasing the insertion angle increased MRT values.
4. When applying forces on the screw heads, generates larger moment and induces higher stress
on the bone-screw interface.
5. The oblique placement of mini-screws increases their contact with the cortical bone, but
placing mini-screws in less than 90 degree in the alveolar bone has no anchorage advantage.
6. The cortical bone thickness in 30 degree is 1.5 times thicker than in 90 degree. If a screw is
placed perpendicular to the tooth long axis, it enters the inter-radicular area faster than when
placed with angle. Therefore, placing mini-screws with a 30o - 40o angle allows using longer
mini-screws and decreases the risk of root injury.
7. Mini-screws placed with an oblique angle, induced higher stresses on the bone and produced
micro-fractures; therefore, mini-screws should be placed perpendicular as long as root damage
can be avoided.
8. Pre-drilling was done to prevent the screw tip slippage on the poly-carbonate plates and reduce
insertion torque.
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36. Pitch and Longitudinal Fluting
Effects on the Primary Stability
of Miniscrew Implants
Christine L. Brinley; Rolf Behrents; Ki Beom Kim; Sridhar Condoor; Hee-
Moon Kyung; Peter H. Buschang
Published - 2009
28/04/2020 36
37. Goal - To test the hypotheses that pitch and fluting have no effect on the primary stability of miniscrew
implants (MSIs).
Methodology –
Control Design – Surgical grade
Titanium, 6 mm long, major and minor
diameters 1.8 mm and 1.6 mm, thread
was a 90-degree asymmetrical buttress
design with a 1.0 mm pitch. The apical 3
mm of the MSI was tapered; it was self-
drilling and self-tapping without flute.
Experimental Design – To evaluate the
effect of pitch, Control MSIs with 1 mm
pitch were compared with 0.75 mm and
1.25 mm MSIs. The depth of each flute
extended through the threads to the
core; each flute was 0.225 mm wide.
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38. Testing Methods - Both synthetic and cadaver bone models were used to evaluate the effects of
pitch and fluting.
Mechanical testing –
Placement Torque - All miniscrews were hand-placed with intermittent rotation into specimens
secured in a custom-made device. The screwdriver was braced and maintained in the same
position throughout insertion.
Pull-out Strength - A vertical force of 10 mm/min, oriented parallel to the long axis, was applied
until failure occurred.
Statistical Analysis – Pitch was evaluated first with the use of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by
pairwise comparison with a Mann-Whitney test. The effect of fluting was evaluated with a Mann-
Whitney test. The relationship between insertion torque and pull-out strength was assessed by
means of Spearman rank order correlation.
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40. Conclusions –
1. Longer screws exhibit greater pull-out strength than shorter screws, and screws with greater
diameter provide greater resistance to pull-out.
2. Screw-type implants with greater thread depth have greater purchase strength in porous
materials and thus higher primary stability.
3. An asymmetrical thread design, with a 45-degree leading and a 90-degree trailing angle,
facilitates insertion while making removal more difficult.
4. Decreasing the surface area of an MSI by increasing the pitch or adding flutes, theoretically,
decrease friction and placement torque.
5. Pitch is negatively related to pull-out strength.
6. Decreased placement torque and cortical damage occur as the number and length of flutes are
increased, due to increased clearance of bone chips, which tend to accumulate around the
threads and provide resistance.
7. The presence of decrease and increase pull-out strength. However, it has less holding power
than fully threaded screws.
8. Pull-out strength significantly increases as pitch decreases from 1.0 mm to 0.75 mm.
9. MSIs with flutes have significantly higher placement torque and pull-out strength than MSIs
without flutes.28/04/2020 40