There are two basic types of sound in films - diegetic sound that is part of the story and non-diegetic sound like musical scores imposed on the film. Most films use both diegetic and non-diegetic sound simultaneously. Film sound and music can be used to build anticipation, gradually fade away, provide sudden bursts, create non-melodic tones, undercut dramatic scenes, establish threatening or upbeat moods, and associate motifs with characters to complement and heighten the visuals.
Extended vocabulary for describing musical phenomena Aura.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
Extended vocabulary for describing musical phenomena
Aural / oral
Aural icon
Oral transmission, oral history
Genre /
Style
Melody Rhythm /
Metre
Tempo Timbre Dynamics +
articulation
Texture Harmony
Rock music
(electric guitar
shredding)
Classical (piano,
string quartet,
instrumental
without vocals)
Jazz (saxophones,
trumpets,
improvisation)
Folk music
(banjo, fiddle,
acoustic guitar,
harmonica,
lyrics)
Blues (12-bar
blues – chord
progression,
Modal
Tonal
• Major
• minor
Atonal
(Teleological)
Rhythmic
Arhythmic
Metric
Ametric
fast
quick
slow
accelerando
(gradually
gets faster)
ritardando
(gradually
gets slower)
Bright/dull
Warm/cold
Reedy
Gritty
Raspy
Speech-like
Whiny
Nasal
Monotone
Dolce
Sweet
Clear
Fluttery
Controlled
Twangy
breathy
loud / soft
really loud
really soft
crescendo
(gradually
getting
louder)
decrescendo
or
diminuendo
(gradually
getting
softer)
legato
(smooth)
Solo
Group
Monophonic
Unison
Sing in
harmony
Melody and
accompaniment
Chorale-style
Hymn-style
Homophonic
Fugal
Contrapuntal
tonal
modal
consonant
dissonant
(crunchy)
harmonica, slide
guitar, singing)
Rap
Techno/electronic
Hiphop
House music
Soul
Oompah – polka
Pop
Ska
Doowop / swing
Afrobeats
Country
Hymn
Salsa
Celtic
staccato
(detached)
Vocal
polyphony
Polyphony
Western Medievalism in Film
• Summary of first four classes
Discussion of: what do we think of when we think of the Middle Ages? And what sounds
and/or music do we think of?
From individual elements (people, things, ideas), we came up with some broader themes
of how the Middle Ages is represented:
• Grime and disease (the plague)
• Hierarchical systems (political, social)
• Fantasy (magic, fantastical creatures, witchcraft)
• Town formation
• Pastoral (small farms, farm animals)
• War (knights, armour)
• Chivalry
• Religion (monks, nuns, monasteries, cathedrals)
• Learnedness (universities, Latin)
Three approaches to medievalism in film and television:
• Focus on specific medieval figure or event
• Medieval fantasy world
• Uses medieval trope/theme but in different setting
Three kinds of sound in film:
• Dialogue
• Music
• Sound effects
Viewed a film clip and discussed relationships amongst the sound, the action, and
the visual elements, reviewing and introducing terminology:
Opening of Princess of Thieves (2001) - up to the cow-milking/Latin lesson scene
• Opens with mountains and mist (visual icon or convention for the medieval or the
distant past)
• Voice-over (non-diegetic narrator) introduces the narrative (informational
prologue) with a long, anticipatory drone in the underscore and the sound of birds
to place the outdoor scene (establishing sound)
• Heroic theme in underscore (Fr. Horn, leaping and rising melody wi.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
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Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Two basic types
•Diegetic – sound in the scene/story
•Non-diegetic – sound imposed on the film e.g.
the musical score
•Most films use both kinds, often at the same
time.
3. • Crescendo – build up of sound/music – can get the audience to
anticipate something happening
• Diminuendo – music/sound gradually dies away
• Sforzando – sudden burst of music/sound
• Atonal – non-melodious sound/music (horror/thriller/sci-fi)
• Contrapuntal – the sound of the music undercuts the drama of the scene
• Minor key – low, threatening music (like a horror film)
• Major key – upbeat music – Superman or Indiana Jones or Star Wars
themes
• Motif – a theme or sound associated with a particular character e.g. the
shark in Jaws.
• Music can be used to complement what’s shown on screen and even
heighten the effect e.g. the high-pitched violin sounds in Psycho
