Sondrio flood emergency plan daniel

Prepared by:
Daniel Jalili - 832852 Shahdad Lotfi - 796633
Faxi Yuan - 823641 Omid Habibzadeh - 836722
Manuel Corti - 838149
A.A. 2015-2016
Professor:
Scira Menoni

“We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with
knowledge: so many lives wouldn’t have to be lost if there was
enough disaster preparedness.”
Petra Nemcova

Status of revision:
The emergency plan must be reviewed periodically, at least once a year to ensure that it is updated and
required amendments are added to latest versions. Holders are requested to inform the Emergency Planning
Unit of any amendments to the information contained in the plan.
Emergency plan version Date Latest amendments no Name and signature
Table 0 -Table revision status

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 WHAT WE NEED TO HAVE (ESSENTIALS): ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 AIM OF THE PLAN: ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 FLOOD HAZARD IN SONDRIO:.................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 SONDRIO FLOOD MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND PLAN CONTEXT: ........................................................................ 2
1.5 DELEGATION: .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.6 SCENARIO: ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.6.1 Thresholds and phases:............................................................................................................. 5
1.6.2 Physical event scenario (flood zone map and flood exposure maps) ..................................................... 5
1.6.3 Physical damage scenario.......................................................................................................... 8
1.6.4 Systemic damage scenario........................................................................................................10
2. CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES: ............................................................................................................11
2.1 PEACE PHASE..................................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Factor 1: People components ....................................................................................................12
2.1.2 Factor 2: Buildings components .................................................................................................13
2.1.3 Factor 3: Public facilities components..........................................................................................14
2.1.4 Factor 4: Critical facilities .........................................................................................................15
2.1.5 Factor 5: Infrastructure & lifelines components..............................................................................16
2.2 PRE-ALARM PHASE ............................................................................................................................17
2.3 ALARM PHASE.................................................................................................................................20
2.4 EMERGENCY PHASE ...........................................................................................................................23
2.5 RECOVERY PHASE .............................................................................................................................27
3. ORGANIZATIONAL.............................................................................................................................30
3.1 HEAD QUARTER (EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CENTER) ....................................................................................30
3.2 FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF HQ TEAM MEMBERS .................................................................................31
3.2.1 Head of HQ (Mayor)................................................................................................................31

3.2.2 Board of Directors (Decision center)............................................................................................31
3.2.3 Communication center.............................................................................................................32
3.2.4 Technical center.....................................................................................................................32
3.2.5 Logistics center......................................................................................................................32
3.2.6 Administrative center..............................................................................................................32
3.3 AUTHORITIES/CIVIL PROTECTION AGENCIES’ ACTIONS........................................................................................34
3.3.1 Mayor of city Sondrio ..............................................................................................................35
3.3.2 Head quarter (E.M.C) ..............................................................................................................36
3.3.3 Fire department.....................................................................................................................37
3.3.4 Police department ..................................................................................................................38
3.3.5 Medical center.......................................................................................................................39
3.3.6 Civil protection.......................................................................................................................40
3.3.7 Environment agency ...............................................................................................................41
3.4 ACTION LIST: ..................................................................................................................................42
3.4.1 Peace phase..........................................................................................................................42
3.4.2 Pre-alarm.............................................................................................................................43
3.4.3 Alarm ..................................................................................................................................44
3.4.4 Emergency............................................................................................................................45
3.4.5 Recovery ..............................................................................................................................46
3.5 ROAD BLOCK MAPS:...........................................................................................................................47
3.6 SANDBAG DROP:..............................................................................................................................47
4. EVACUATION OPERATION:..................................................................................................................48
4.1 ROUTES TO THE GATHERING POINTS .........................................................................................................48
The route GR4 from starting point can be described as: ..........................................................................48
The route GR1,2 from starting point can be described as: ........................................................................48
The route GR1,1 from starting point can be described as: ........................................................................48
4.2 ROUTES TO THE SHELTERS ....................................................................................................................49
The route ER1 from gathering point GP1 can be described as: ..................................................................49
4.3 EVACUATION MAP ............................................................................................................................50
5.RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN SONDRIO......................................................................................................52
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................I
APPENDIX A: CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING EVACUATION: ........................................................................................ I
Before Flood................................................................................................................................... I
During Flood.................................................................................................................................. II
After Flood Disaster......................................................................................................................... II
APPENDIX B: SAMPLE LETTER NEEDED TO BE SENT TO THE CITIZENS OF SONDRIO ................................................................III
APPENDIX C: FLOOD EMERGENCY PLAN ASSESSMENT AND APPROVAL FORM .................................................................... IV
APPENDIX D: EXTRA INFORMATION................................................................................................................ V

1. Introduction
The city of Sondrio is one of the northern cities of Italy that is exposed to flood risks for a variety of potential
reasons. A combined hazard analysis, considering hydrological and geological process, has been done in
consideration of Sondrio basin. The phenomenon which frequently happens, was sediment transport, flood or
combination of both, accordingly soil movement analysis has been done in order to understand the material
which will go in the river due to the widespread erosion, which was essential in geological point of view and
river bank erosion which was essential in geomorphological point of view. After having the results, hydraulic
simulation has been done by Basement and River2D software to anticipate flood and sediment transport,
eventually probable hazard scenario which is a flood illustrated in maps in terms of velocity and water depth.
An attempt of assessing the damage has been considered by bringing together the results of integrated hazard
analysis with vulnerability and exposure analysis. Afterward damage of some components have been
highlighted for scenario, then considering time evolution of scenario possible challenges and responses have
been identified. A non-structural measurement ''emergency plan'' has been developed by defining the roles
of each organization who are in charge for specific challenges and responses.
In the interest of being sure that this city is properly prepared for emergency response to a flood event,
Sondrio municipality as the main organization in charge, for controlling flood with support agencies such as
fire department, police force, etc. to ensure all factors of preparation, including planning for response and
recovery of a flood emergency are efficaciously managed.
These organization and agencies should be integrated to ensure a productive and adequate emergency
management response for the community by using knowledge, resources and capacity.
Sondrio Flood Emergency Plan is active at all times and shall be implemented / executed as required for a
flood event requiring any form of emergency activity.
1.1 What we need to have (essentials):
To protect Properties, lives and also environment, it is more organized and necessary to have some factors
such as:
1. Having enough knowledge of floods and their risks and consequences for communities
2. Sort of actions for mitigation and prevention of floods and their effects
3. An accurate community warnings
4. Identification of responsible people and organizations for controlling and coordinating the use of
emergency management resources
5. A precise clarification of support roles and responsibilities
6. Cooperation among emergency services and acceptance of their roles in emergency management
7. An understanding of the potential health and medical impacts
8. Support arrangements and enable communities as they recover from emergencies

1.2 Aim of the plan:
The aim of the plan is to provide a guidance for effective emergency response to a flood event in Sondrio. The
following plan will describe the roles and responsibilities of organizations and agencies that have a role in the
plan, and also the monitoring of climatic events and distribution of information to the community for
minimizing the impact of the flood on people, properties and the environment. This writing will also describe
Sondrio flood emergency plan structure which elaborates the administrative hierarchy and also elements
which should be considered for plan at municipal and regional level, and also strategic control priorities, the
response management and coordination arrangements at the local level.
The main goal of the plan is to reduce the losses, and in order to achieve this goal following objectives are
defined:
1. Damage assessment considering the scenario
2. Identify challenges given by scenario and possibility to have second order challenges (challenges of
the responses)
3. Responses to challenges given by scenario
4. Outline the responses that have to be taken in different phases
5. Identify the roles and responsibilities of each authorities in each phase
6. Identify resources to support the response in each phase
7. Providing maps and any other support materials
1.3 Flood hazard in Sondrio:
Some consequences of flooding on the Sondrio can be mentioned as
1. Isolation of properties or communities
2. Public infrastructure, public and private assets and property may be damaged
3. Short or long term displacement of people
4. Flooding of properties
5. Death, injuries, homeless
6. Psychological impacts on community
7. Disruption to essential services
1.4 Sondrio Flood Management Framework and plan context:
Flood management depends on effective integration of planning, preparedness, prevention, response and
recovery at regional and local levels. An effective response to a hazard like flood in Sondrio depends on good
cooperation and strong relationship between organizations, each having responsibility for elements of flood
management activities.
This emergency plan depends on both government and community's approach that recognizes the importance
of each part (prevention, response and recovery activities) which are dependent on each other.
An effective response arrangements as a response activities will be more effective if the community awareness
and education is high enough and as a conclusion, if the community has taken measures to minimize property
damage and is aware of the inherent dangers associated with flood events. The actions that community should
take when warnings are issued should be clear.
There are two aspects of flood management planning, ‘Floodplain Risk Management Planning’ and ‘Flood
Emergency planning’.

The community emergency risk management process focused on identifying and analyzing flood risks is called
Floodplain Risk Management Planning. This is best achieved through a flood study, floodplain risk
management study and a floodplain risk management plan to identify the flood risks and how these might be
best managed.
The resources of many agencies and the community to take appropriate and timely action in relation to flood
preparedness, response and recovery brings together by what is called ‘Flood Emergency Planning’.
Rain Sediment
transport
Water
Discharge
Flood in Sondrio:
 Water level
 Water discharge
 Water velocity
 Map of propagation
in Sondrio
Physical Vulnerability
 Building type
 Lifelines infrastructures
 People (age, density)
 Large shops windows
Physical
Damage
Scenario
Systemic Vulnerability
 Lack of redundancy for
critical facilities
 Narrow streets in the city
center
 Inclination of roads
 City divided into two parts
by Mallero River
Challenges and
Responses
Systemic Damage
Scenario
 Na-tech
 Electricity blackout
 Sewerage outflow
 Road unusability due
to inundation
Emergency plan
 Resources
 Actions
 Actors Responsibilities

1.5 Delegation:
Implementation of Sondrio flood emergency plan is delegated to the following authorities:
1. Mayor of the Sondrio
2. Head quarter (crisis management room)
3. Decision center (making decisions during crisis management process)
a. Fire department
b. Police department
c. Medical center (Red cross and Hospitals)
d. Civil protection
e. Environment agency (monitoring water level and flows)
f. Flood experts group (forecasting physical evolution of flood)
1.6 Scenario:
The event starts on Thursday Sep 11th, 2015. All public administrations are open. The schools function
normally. A few tourists are already present in town. The alarm phase begins at 13 p.m., when most people
are at work or in the schools.
The outflow takes place at bridge ''Matteotti'' (CS74) that further extend to bridges Cavour and Gombaro.
The flood propagation (outflowing from the west bank of the river) has been simulated according to the
historical flow event in 1987. The scenario is illustrated by the timeline and the maps presented below. The
maps show the peak outflow time instant of the event (the moment where the water height and flooded area
are maximum). The provided maps in this emergency plan are as following (provided in the corresponding
sections):
1. Physical event scenario (flood zone map and flood exposure maps)
a. Flood zone map
b. Water depth
c. Water velocity
d. Population distribution in flood zone
e. Population vulnerability
2. Physical damage scenario
a. Expected damage to population
b. Physical damage to buildings
c. Physical damage to public facilities
d. Physical damage to roads
3. Systemic damage scenario
a. Accessibility to critical facilities map
b. Systemic damage map
c. Lifelines network
4. Evacuation, Road block and Sandbag drop maps

1.6.1 Thresholds and phases:
Phases Definition Duration
Thresholds (observed water
level clearance)
Indication of possible
flood
8 hours 1 < 𝐶 ≤ 2.5
High possibility of flood 3 hours 0 < 𝐶 ≤ 1
Flood starts
33 hours (or more if
not stopped)
𝐶 = 0
No flood water Flood finished -
Table 1 - Thresholds and phases table for clearance
Note: Observed clearance at the bridge ''Matteotti" passing “Via de Simoni” (in meter). In general the
thresholds need to be approved based on the observation.
1.6.2 Physical event scenario (flood zone map and flood exposure maps)
In the following, the simulated scenario floodplain, at the peak of outflow, is provided:

1.6.3 Physical damage scenario

1.6.4 Systemic damage scenario

2. Challenges and responses:
The following timeline is represented to have a general overview of the challenges (conceptually) in different
emergency phases, that the city of Sondrio is faced during the scenario indicated in previous section:

The following tables containing the challenges and responses for each phase (Peace, Pre-alarm, alarm,
emergency, recovery), were based on the physical event scenario, physical damage scenario and systemic
damage scenario. More specifically, the components causing challenges (scenario-based) were identified
according to the factors considered into conducting the physical damage and systemic damage assessment.
Moreover, the tables are crucial for defining actions, roles and required resources of the emergency plan.
2.1 Peace phase
2.1.1 Factor 1: People components
Components Challenges Response
Population
Redistribution of the population in the
dense area close to the river(especially
R1 to R3, O1 to O5 zones on
population distribution map) to more
safe areas
- Informing people of the consequences of the
flood and probable damage
- Additional tax for the real estate located in
exposed dense area to flood
Instructing people how to act in case
of emergency
- Leaflet guide can provide flood warning
information for each inhabitant in the flood
zone
- Regular exercise should be held in order to let
know how to act in case of emergencies for the
population
Age
Training children(especially children of
the school near Via Vanoni) and elderly
for the case of emergency
- Preparing special training for people to help
elderlies and children in case of emergency
- Providing special courses for children in
school and kindergarten
Gender Training Pregnant women
Special training for expected mothers to teach
them how to behave in case of emergency
should be provided
Highly
vulnerable
people
Protection of patients, mentally ill
persons and people with disabilities
etc.
Special courses for these people and also the
individuals interacting with them (like nurses,
family members etc.) should be provided.
Temporary
residents
Informing Tourists, immigrants and
foreign residents about the hazardous
area and its probable risk
- Leaflet guide in different languages for flood
warning information should be provided and
distributed among tourists
- Adding a special part to the civic courses of
Sondrio regarding the emergency situation in
case of flood (regarding the temporary
students)

2.1.2 Factor 2: Buildings components
Materials
Stopping use of vulnerable material to
flood like mud wall/floor material,
glass wall etc. in the exposed area.
Adding new section regarding the resistant
material for construction in the flood risk
zones in building codes, and forbidding use of
vulnerable material in Sondrio.
Number of
floors
Identification of single story building
especially those which are close to the
river in order to reconstruct or change
the building usage
The single story building should be identified
and advised to the landlords for reconstruction
(encouraging them with bank loan and tax
incentives) or changing the building usage
Basement
Removal of the valuable goods from
basements
People should be informed of the flood
consequences for stored vulnerable goods in
basements and corresponding damage, to
move them to higher floors
Usability
Providing map for Structures with
different usability because they might
have different vulnerability to flood,
identifying more vulnerable structures
is important.
Usability map of the building should be
provided
Building
age
Identification and retrofitting of the
old and vulnerable building (red and
orange building in the physical damage
to building map have higher priority)
Old and vulnerable buildings should be
identified and the landlords should be
encouraged for retrofitting the structure by
offering low interest bank loan, tax incentives
etc.
Location
Conducting the accurate investigation
of the building (structural, functional
ect,) close to river
Investigate and retrofit the vulnerable building
close to the river

2.1.3 Factor 3: Public facilities components
Hotels &
restaurants
Training the staff of hotels (hotel Europa
at Via Lungo Mallero Cadorna has high
priority) and restaurants for guiding
people in case of emergency.
Providing the yearly emergency courses
for staff.
Banks & Post
office
Training the staff of banks (D'Italia Bank at
Piazza Garibaldi and UniCredit Bank at
Piazzale Valgoi have high priority) and
post offices for guiding people in case of
emergency.
Providing the yearly emergency courses
for staff.
Providing all the need to keep them
functional in case of emergency (like
providing electric generator the case of
black out )
All needs (resources, equipment and etc.)
should be provided and Annually checked
Cultural and
religion sites
Removal of the valuable objects within
MVSA - Museo Valtellinese di Storira ed
Arte from first floor to upper floors
Museum should be informed of the flood
damage and consulted for the action
they should take.
Assessment of the building resistance of
the museum and the churches (Chiesa
Collegiata and Parrocchia Santi Gervasio E
protasio at Piazza Campello , Madonna of
Rocca at Via Ercole Bassi and Unitalsi
Church at Via Mazzini have high priority)
for flood and retrofit them in case they
need.
Building of the museum and churches
should be assessed and guided toward
the retrofiring if it is needed.
Training the public facilities staffs for
helping people in case of the emergency
The staff should be trained for
emergency case.
Entertainment
areas
Installation of loud speaker and
emergency signs especially in the city
center
Loud speakers, emergency signs should
be provided and installed

2.1.4 Factor 4: Critical facilities
Police
stations
Relocation of the police station of Guardia
di Finanza to safer area.
This station should be relocated to the
safer zone
Providing all needs of the police station
regarding the flood risk.
All needs should be listed and provided
Training the police force for their actions in
emergency situation
Some emergency courses and maneuver
should be held to clarify the duty of each
member during the emergency.
Fire stations
Providing all the equipment which fire
department need during the emergency
phases
Training the firemen particularly for facing
the flood.
Some emergency courses and maneuver
should be held to clarify the duty of each
member during the emergency.
Municipality
&
Prefecture
Collecting information of the city to
provide related maps for flood risk
purposes and update them, i.e. the
building age map, critical facilities map etc.
Data collecting and assessing group should
be activated
Training people for their actions during the
emergency situation
Holding seminars, courses, workshops or
spreading leaflet, free emergency book
etc.
Hospitals
Providing all the needs of the hospital
regarding the emergency situation like
temporary beds etc.
Training the staff for their contribution
during the emergency case
Some special courses for hospital staff
should be held.
Schools
Relocation of the school which is located in
the corner of Via Vanoni and Via Meriggio
intersection.
This school should be relocated to the
safer zone.
Training the staff and also student for the
emergency situation like flood.
Conducting emergency courses regarding
the flood.
Gas stations
Relocation of gas station at the corner of
Via Tonale and Via Vanoni .
Another place should be provided for this
gas station.
Collecting information of current operation
state of gas storing facilities
Keeping regular monitoring and repairing
of gas storing facilities and reporting the
latest situation to the manager
Waste
treatment
plant
Assessing the current operation state of
waste treatment facilities
Making an expert group for assessing by
using regular monitoring and maintenance
of waste treatment facilities and reporting
the latest situation to the manager

Water
supply plant
water storing facilities
using regular monitoring and repairing of
water storing facilities and reporting the
latest situation to the manager
Waste
water
treatment
plant
waste water treatment facilities
Using regular monitoring and repairing of
waste water treatment facilities and
reporting the latest situation to the
manager
2.1.5 Factor 5: Infrastructure & lifelines components
Road
Installing more monitoring devices on the
roads
Appropriate places for monitoring devices
should be located and installed
Collecting information about the function
of roads.
regular monitoring and maintenance
system for the roads
Train & bus
stations
Identifying the temporary bus stops in
emergency.
Emergency bus stops should be identified
in safe area.
Providing reserve bus for emergency
purposes
Buying or rent additional bus
Training the staffs and drivers of the public
transportation
Staffs and drivers of the public
transportation should be trained through
courses and maneuver.
Bridges
of the bridges
Providing regular monitoring and
maintenance system for the bridges
Tap water
system
of pipeline system of tap water
maintenance system for the pipeline of tap
water systems.
Electricity
line
of electricity line system.
maintenance system for the electricity line
systems.
Training the staffs of the Gas-Line agencies.
Civil protection should help electricity line
systems for training them through courses
and maneuver.

2.2 Pre-alarm phase
Population
density
Informing the population of the current
situation (especially zones near the river
with highly dense population like R1 to R3,
O1 to O5 in the population distribution in
flood zone map)
-Sparing more staff and equipment to
inform population in zones R1 to R3, O1 to
O5
-Informing the population of reviewing the
training exercise for flood emergency
Age
Informing the elder of the current situation
(especially zones with highly dense elder
like R1 to R3, O1 to O5 in the population
vulnerability map)
Sparing special staff and equipment to
inform the elder in zones R1 to R3, O1 to O5
Gender
Informing the pregnant to be prepared in
case of flood
Informing the pregnant of reviewing the
training exercise for flood emergency
Highly
vulnerable
people
Guiding patients, mentally ill and the
disable to be prepared in case of flood
Guiding them for reviewing the training
courses for flood emergency
Temporary
residents
Informing tourists, immigrants and foreign
residents of the current situation and
guiding them to be prepared in case of
flood
-Sparing staff and equipment to inform
them
-Issuing guidelines for them to response in
flood emergency
Materials
Protecting the valuable things within the
buildings with vulnerable materials
Informing the owner to move valuable
properties out from their houses
Number of
floors
Protecting valuable tools and properties in
lower floor of the buildings
Informing the people to move valuable
properties to higher floors
Basement
Protecting valuable tools and properties in
the basement
Informing the people to move valuable
properties out from basement
Usability
Informing the guests in the public buildings
(such as shops) of the current situation and
guiding them to be prepared in case of
flood
Informing the staff of public buildings of the
situation and publishing the guidelines to
help people response reasonably in flood
emergency
Protecting the valuable assets within the
public building
Moving away the valuable assets
Building
age
Protecting valuable assets within the old
buildings
Moving away the valuable things
Location
Protecting valuable assets within the
buildings near the river
Moving away the valuable things

Hotels &
restaurants
Informing the staff of the current
situation and guiding both staff and
guests to be prepared in case of flood
them
flood emergency
Banks & Post
office
Informing the staff of the current
situation and guiding them to be
prepared in case of flood
them
flood emergency
Cultural and
religion sites
Informing both the staff and tourists of
the current situation and guiding the
staff to be prepared in case of flood
them
-Issuing guidelines for the staff to response
in flood emergency
Entertainment
areas
Informing both the staff and guests of
the current situation and guiding the
staff to be prepared in case of flood
them
-Issuing guidelines for the staff to response
in flood emergency
Police stations
Receiving the information about the
situation and assessing available
resources in case of flood
Keeping in contact with other agencies and
checking the internal resources
Fire stations
situation and evolution;
Keeping in contact within the fire
department and also with other agencies
Conducting the rescue plan in case of
emergency occurs
Providing assistance to the fire stations to
learn about the situation of potential flood
area
Municipality
& Prefecture
situation
promoting the situation assessment to be
conducted
Providing enough support when
confronting emergency
Providing assistance to the municipality to
check the communication facilities with the
surrounding communities
Hospitals
situation and assessing available
resources in case of flood
checking the internal resources
Schools
situation
Keeping in contact with other agencies
Guiding the students to preform
reasonable response behavior
Reviewing the emergency plan and
relocating the students and children with
special care and moving all students to safe
places
Contacting with students’ parents Informing students’ parents

Gas stations
situation and responding reasonably in
case of flood
Keeping in contact with other agencies,
reviewing the emergency plan and moving
the gas storing facilities
Waste
treatment
plant
case of flood
the waste treatment facilities
Waste water
treatment
plant
case of flood
the waste water treatment facilities
Road
Learning about the current state of
roads
Checking the current function of the roads
Learning about how to respond
reasonably in case of flood
Reviewing the emergency plan
Train & bus
stations
Learning about the current state of train
& bus stations
Checking the current function of the train &
bus stations
Bridges
Learning about the current state of the
bridges
Checking the current function of the bridges
Tap water
system
state of pipeline system of tap water
(especially pipelines near the river as
presented in the lifelines map)
Checking the function of the pipeline
system
Electricity line
state of electricity line system
(especially electricity lines near the river
as presented in the lifelines map)
Checking the function of the electricity line
system

2.3 Alarm phase
Population
density
Evacuation of the dense areas R1 to R3,
O1 to O5 (population distribution map)
Evacuate people by all means
Age
Evacuation of the vulnerable
population from R1 to R3, O1 to O5
(population vulnerability map)
Providing special team for evacuate the
vulnerable people
Gender
Evacuation of the expected mothers.
Providing special team for evacuate the
pregnant women.
Highly
vulnerable
people
Evacuating the patient , mentally ill and
the disabled
Providing special team for evacuate these
people.
Temporary
residents
Evacuating the tourists , immigrants
and foreign resident from their
residences such as dormitory for
students
Evacuating temporary residents from the
potential flood zones
Materials
Conducting the evacuation of the
building constructed with vulnerable
material.
Providing special team for evacuating these
building
Number of
floors
Conducting the evacuation of the one
story building.
Evacuation of the one story building
Usability
Evacuation of the public building such
as shopping mall.
Distribute more human and equipment for
evacuation of these places.
Building age
Conducting the evacuation of the old
building
Providing special team for evacuating these
building
Location
Conducting the evacuation of the
building close to river.
evacuation of area close to river.
Hotels &
restaurants
Ensuring the evacuation of the 7 hotels
and 8 restaurants with in the potential
flood zone.
Banks & Post
office
Conducting evacuation of 8 banks and
3 post offices within the potential flood
zones.

Cultural and
religion sites
Conducting evacuation Cultural and
religion sites within the potential flood
zones
- Distribute more human and equipment for
- Distribution of sandbags and other
protection stuffs.
Entertainment
areas
Conducting evacuation Entertainment
areas within the potential flood zones.
Police stations
Controlling the traffic and managing
the people in the street
Closing the entrance of Sondrio, preparing
the road blocks in the city
Prepare the evacuation routes
- Establishing information points for guiding
and helping people
- Clearing paths for evacuation routes
Evacuation of the staff in areas prone
to risk of flooding (4 police stations in
possible flooding zone)
Relocation and evacuation of staff and
documents to the buildings which is not
within the potential flood zones.
Fire stations
Protecting Sondrio against floods
Preparing and distributing sandbags and
other prevention measures
Evaluate most vulnerable critical
facilities and infrastructure
Closing vulnerable critical facilities and
infrastructures (infrastructures in the
forecast flooded areas)
Evacuating people Using all means for evacuating people.
Municipality &
Prefecture
Issuing HQ
Emergency control center room should be
issued
Issuing the evacuation Start of evacuation should be issued.
Evacuation of the staff and their
important documents in Comune di
Sondrio, Provincia di Sondrio and
Prefettura di Sondrio within flood zone
Distribution of sandbags and other
protection stuffs.
Hospitals
Providing special care for vulnerable
people.
Activating special team for treatment of the
vulnerable people.
Providing all the resources and
equipment to get ready for the
emergency
-Providing medical equipment, medicine
and ambulances
-Ask for personnel and instruments from
other sources

Schools
Evacuate building in flooded areas (1 in
the west and 2 in the eastern part of
the city)
Moving students to safe places and
communicating with the rescue team to
transport the students to the shelters
Communicating with students’ parents
- Informing the students’ parents of the
students conditions and locations
- Prepare shelters faster
Gas stations
Moving the gas storing facilities of 7 gas
stations within the potential flood zone
in safer place
Distributing human and equipment
resources to relocate the facilities
Waste
treatment
plant
Moving the waste and waste treatment
of a waste collection center within the
potential flood zone
- Distributing human and equipment
resources to relocate the waste and
facilities
- Preparing waterproof materials to protect
the waste from water
Waste water
treatment
plant
Moving the waste water treatment
facilities of a waste water treatment
plant within the potential flood zone
- Distributing human and equipment
resources to relocate the facilities
- Preparing waterproof materials to protect
the waste water from water
Road
Protecting the roads within the
potential flood zone (especially R1, R2
and R3 in the physical damage to roads
map)
Preparing sandbags and waterproof
materials
Managing the traffic
Relocating the use of roads and closing
some roads in need
Train & bus
stations
Evacuating the staff and relocating the
buses/trains of Sondrio bus station and
Sondrio train station within the
Distributing the special human and
equipment resources for the evacuation
Bridges
Protecting bridges Ponte Cavour, Ponte
Matteotti and Ponte Eiffel within
Preparing sandbags and waterproof
materials
Tap water
system
Avoiding the damage of pipelines of tap
water system within the potential flood
zone in the lifelines map
Preparing waterproof materials for the
pipelines within the potential flood zone
Electricity line
Avoiding the damage of the electricity
lines and stations within the potential
flood zone in the lifelines map
- Preparing sandbags to stabilize the
electrical stations
- Closing the use of electricity lines within
the potential flood zone

2.4 Emergency phase
Population
density
Conducting evacuation and providing
first aid within flood zones (especially
zones with highly dense population
like R1 to R3, O1 to O5 in the
“expected damage to population
map”)
Distributing more human and equipment to
zones R1 to R3, O1 to O5
Age
medical aids for the elder (especially
zones with highly dense elder like R1
to R3, O1 to O5 in the “expected
damage to population map” according
to “population vulnerability map”)
Providing special care and medical services in
zones R1 to R3, O1 to O5
Gender
medical aids for the pregnant
Providing special care and medical services
for the pregnant
Highly
vulnerable
people
medical aids for patients, mentally ill,
and the disable
Providing special care and medical services
for patients, mentally ill, and the disable
Temporary
residents
Conducting evacuation for tourists,
immigrants and foreign residents with
less information and knowledge about
Sondrio
Guiding the temporary residents to the
shelters
Materials
Conducting search and rescue within
the buildings with vulnerable
materials
Paying more attention to buildings with
vulnerable materials and equipping search &
rescue team with special facilities if in need
Number of
floors
the buildings with one floor
Equipping search & rescue team with special
facilities
Basement
the basement
Equipping search & rescue team with special
facilities
Usability
Conducting rescue in the public
buildings with more people inside
Distributing more human and equipment
Building age
the old buildings
Paying more attention to old buildings and
equipping search & rescue with special
facilities if in need
Location
the buildings near the river
Paying more attention to buildings near river
and equipping search & rescue team with
special facilities

Hotels &
restaurants
flooded hotels and restaurants (7
hotels and 8 restaurants are within the
flood zone)
resources
Banks & Post
office
Conducting search and rescue for 8
banks and 3 post offices within the
flood zone
resources
Managing the public order in 8 banks
and 3 post offices within the flood
zone
Distributing policeman and equipment to
hold the public order
Cultural and
religion sites
flooded cultural and religion sites
-Sparing more human and equipment
resources
-Distributing sandbags and protection stuffs
Managing the public order in museums
(MVSA - Museo Valtellinese di Storira
ed Arte)
-Distributing policeman and equipment to
hold the public order
Entertainment
areas
flooded entertainment areas
-Distributing more human and equipment
resources
Police stations
Managing the traffic
Clearing paths or relocating the use of
particular roads for evacuation routes
Managing the public order in case of
criminals (especially in 8 banks and 3
post offices within the flood zone)
Distributing the human and equipment
resources
Assisting the search and rescue team
Clearing the streets and roads for search and
rescue
Conducting evacuation of the
policeman and their equipment in 4
police stations within the flood zone
- Providing the police stations with a
temporary office
- Assisting the policeman to evacuate
Fire stations
Protecting Sondrio against floods;
Checking streets for dangers and securing
dangerous areas
Evacuating the people
Searching and rescuing people trapped in
buildings and lifts, and transporting them to
the medical center
Municipality &
Prefecture
Coordinating the agencies within the
emergency center
Keeping in contact with all the agencies
within the emergency center and conducting
meetings with the heads of each agency in
need
Communicating with the public
Conducting press conference in case of
issuing the critical situation development
Conducting evacuation of the staff and
their important documents in Comune
di Sondrio, Provincia di Sondrio and
Prefettura di Sondrio within flood
zone
- Providing the municipalities with a
temporary office
- Assisting the staff of municipalities to
evacuate

Hospitals
Providing medical aids for injuries in
areas with low accessibility
Contacting with other agencies (police
stations or fire stations) for assistance
Providing enough human resources
and medical equipment or medicine
for evacuees
Joining volunteers in need and asking for
external resources
Conducting evacuation for a red cross
within flood zone
Providing assistance with the staff of red
cross to evacuate
Schools
Saving and evacuating the students
from 4 schools within the flood zone
Moving students to safe places and
communicating with the rescue team to
transport the students to the shelters
Communicating with students’ parents
Providing assistance in informing the
students’ parents of the students conditions
and locations
Gas stations
Protecting gas storing facilities of 7 gas
stations within flood zones
Preparing sandbags or other waterproof
materials to prevent the station from water
Managing the air pollution due to the
damage to the stations
Equipping the search & rescue team with
masks and distributing masks to the people
nearby
Waste
treatment
plant
Protecting the waste treatment
facilities of a waste collection center
within flood zone
materials to prevent the station from water
Managing the water pollution induced
by the damage to the plant
Guiding and assisting the fireman to clear out
the pollution in the water
Waste water
treatment
plant
Protecting the waste water treatment
facilities of a plant within the flood
zone
materials to prevent the waste water storing
center from water
Managing the water pollution induced
by the damage to the plant
Guiding and assisting the fireman to pump
out the polluted water
Road
Protecting the roads (especially roads
R1, R2 and R3 in the “physical damage
to roads map”)
materials to prevent the roads from water
Managing traffic conjunction in the
roads due to evacuation (Via Tonale,
Via Enrico Toti)
Relocating the use of roads and closing (Via
Tonale, Via Enrico Toti roads if in need
Train & bus
stations
Protecting the facilities of Sondrio bus
station and Sondrio train station
within the flood zone
materials to protect the stations against
flood
Protecting buses and trains stopping
in the station
Assisting the staff of stations to evacuate the
buses and trains to safe places
Bridges
Protecting bridges Ponte Cavour,
Ponte Matteotti and Ponte Eiffel
within flood zone
- Preparing sandbags or other waterproof
materials to protect the bridges against flood
- Blocking the bridges

Tap water
system
Protecting the pipelines of tap water
system within flood zone presented in
lifelines map
Preparing waterproof materials to protect
the pipelines within flood zone against flood
Managing the pollution to the tap
water
Assisting the fireman to pump out the
polluted water from tap water
Electricity line
Protecting the electricity lines within
the flood zone presented in lifelines
map
Preparing sandbags to stabilize the electrical
stations
Protecting people and animals against
electricity due to the damage of the
electricity line
Distributing clothes and shoes made of
insulative materials to humans and animals
near the electricity lines

2.5 Recovery phase
Population
density
Assisting the evacuees to return home
(especially zones with highly dense
population like R1 to R3, O1 to O5 in
the “population distribution in flood
zone map”)
Distributing more cars and other equipment
for assisting evacuees from zones R1 to R3,
O1 to O5 to return home
Age
Assisting the elder to return home
(especially zones with highly dense
elder like R1 to R3, O1 to O5 in
“expected damage to population
map” according to “population
vulnerability map”)
- Providing special cars with medical facilities
to help the elder to return home
- Providing continuing medical services if in
need
Gender Assisting the pregnant to return home
to help the pregnant to return home
need
Highly
vulnerable
people
Assisting patients, mentally ill and the
disable to return home
to help patients, mentally ill and the disable
to return home
need
Temporary
residents
Assisting the tourists, immigrants and
foreign residents to return hotels and
home at their requests
- Preparing cars to help tourist to return
hotels or to train stations/airport for
returning home
- Providing transportation for immigrants
and foreign residents living far from the
shelter and distributing temporary daily
needs to immigrants and foreign residents if
in need
Materials
Repairing and recovering the use of
buildings with vulnerable materials
- Replacing the vulnerable materials with
resilient materials
- Cleaning the sediments and other
pollutions in the buildings
Number of
floors
Repairing and recovering the use of
buildings especially buildings with one
floor
- Paving waterproof materials on the walls
within the building
- Cleaning the sediments and other
pollutions in the buildings
Basement Repairing and recovering basements
- Paving waterproof materials on the walls
within the building
- Pumping out the water and cleaning the
basements

Usability
Recovering usability of the public
buildings
Clearing the sediments and pumping out the
water
Building age
Repairing and recovering the old
buildings
- Adding structures at vulnerable positions of
the building and deciding whether the
building can be used or not
- Clearing the sediments and pumping out
the water
Location
Repairing and recovering the buildings
along the river
- Adding structures at vulnerable positions of
the building and deciding whether the
building can be used or not
the water
Hotels &
restaurants
Recovering 7 hotels and 8 restaurants
are within the flood zone
- Repairing the buildings if in need
the water
Banks & Post
office
Recovering 8 banks and 3 post offices
within the flood zone
- Repairing the buildings if in need
the water
Cultural and
religion sites
Recovering the cultural and religion
sites
water
Police stations
Recovering the traffic
Removing the road blocks and barriers for
the closed roads
Managing the public order
Distributing policeman to manage the public
order in the areas with highly potential
occurrence of criminals
Recovering 4 police stations within the
flood zone
water
Fire stations
Recovering the city;
Pumping out water in the buildings, cleaning
sewage system and clearing the streets
Assisting in managing the evacuees
Assigning immediate physical medical care to
the rescue people, assisting the management
of shelter, and distributing cars to help the
evacuees living far from the shelter to return
home

Municipality &
Prefecture
Coordinating the recovery teams
Keeping in contact with all the recovery
teams and conducting meetings with the
heads of each team in need
Providing resources for recovering
Sondrio
Requesting external resources from regional
and national government
Recovering Comune di Sondrio,
Provincia di Sondrio and Prefettura di
Sondrio within flood zone;
water
Recovering official documents
Asking for help from higher level
government;
Hospitals
Taking care of the evacuees;
Providing physical & psychological care and
medicine
Assisting in managing the evacuees
Reporting the number of dead and injuries to
the police department
Recovering the red cross within flood
zone
water
Schools
Recovering the 4 schools within the
flood zone and their courses
the water
- Cleaning the campus and rooms, repairing
the course facilities
Gas stations
Recovering the 7 gas stations within
flood zones
- Clearing the sediments
- Repairing the gas storing facilities
Waste
treatment
plant
Recovering the waste collection center
within flood zone
the water
- Repairing the waste treatment facilities
Waste water
treatment
plant
Recovering the plant within the flood
zone
the water
- Repairing the waste water treatment
facilities
Road
Recovering the roads (especially roads
R1, R2 and R3 in the “physical damage
to roads map”)
- Clearing the sediments in the roads
- Repairing and reopening the roads
Train & bus
stations
Recovering Sondrio bus station and
Sondrio train station within the flood
zone
the water
- Repairing and reopening the train & bus
stations
Bridges
Recovering the bridges Ponte Cavour,
Ponte Matteotti and Ponte Eiffel within
flood zone
-Clearing the sediments on the bridges
-Repairing and reopening the bridges
Tap water
system
Recovering the tap water system
(especially the pipelines of tap water
system within flood zone in lifelines
map)
Checking and repairing the broken
pipelines of tap water system
Electricity line
Recovering the electricity line system
(especially the electricity lines within the
flood zone presented in lifelines map)
Checking and repairing the broken
electricity lines

3. Organizational
The response to a major flooding incident involves with various organizations working together at a local level,
namely the Police, Fire Service, Civil Protection, Medical Service, Environment Agency and other bodies such
as the public utility companies, the communications media, voluntary organizations and the public. Hence, the
Head Quarter (Emergency Management Center), as the main unit controlling the emergency, consists of the
members as presented in the table 2.1.
3.1 Head Quarter (Emergency Management Center)
ID Members In case of absence, replaced by
1 Mayor of Sondrio Deputy of mayor of Sondrio
2 Chief of fire department Vice president of fire department
3 Chief of police department Vice president of police department
4 Chief of medical services Vice chancellor of medical services
5 Chief of Civil Protection Deputy chief of Civil Protection
6 Chief of Environment Agency Deputy chief of Environment Agency
7 Head of flood experts group
8 Communication center
9 Technical center
10 Logistics center
11 Administrative center
Table 3.1. Members of HQ team
Accordingly, the organizational structure of HQ team can be presented in the figure:
Head of HQ
(Mayor)
Chief of fire dept.
Chief of police dept.
Chief of medical service
Chief of civil protection
dept.
Chief of environment
agency
Board of DirectorsCommunication center
Technical center
Logistics center
Administrative
center
Head of flood experts
group
Decision
center
Figure 3.1. Organizational structure of HQ team

3.2 Functions and responsibilities of HQ team members
As presented in figure 2.1, those main members involving with emergency management possess different
functions and responsibilities which will be discussed in this section.
3.2.1 Head of HQ (Mayor)
 Overall responsibility for the whole process of emergency management and assuring success
 Involving with board of directors (BoD) on evaluating the current situation and making the decisions
 Evaluating the results of actions being done to check the efficiency of actions and decide whether
further measures need to be taken
 Making agreement on the whole financial framework for the whole emergency management process
 Co-ordination of the work of different groups within the whole process
 Control of whole working process
 Assurance of the addition of other necessary experts and consultants due to sudden changes in the
current situation
 Execution of interviews and press conferences
3.2.2 Board of Directors (Decision center)
 Cooperating with the head of HQ (mayor) to make decisions
 Establishing and appointing emergency management team
 Directive authority to the emergency staff
 Co-ordination with different work groups within the emergency management process
 Chief of fire department: responsible for the safety, rescue and emergency operations also in case of
chemical danger
 Chief of police department: responsible for the security, public order, the management of traffic jam,
the roads accessibility
 Chief of medical services: responsible for providing medical help during the emergency, such as
delivering ambulances & medicine, providing treatment, stabilization and care of those injured at the
scene
 Chief of civil protection department: responsible for checking the function of critical facilities like
roads, bridges and railway, providing rescue team with vulnerable areas information in the city, and
managing volunteer groups
 Chief of environment agency: responsible for issuing flood warnings, monitoring water levels and
flows, maintenance and operation of vital flood defenses
 Head of flood experts group: responsible for management and verification of data provided by
environment agency, assessment of efficiency of decisions in terms of physical evolution of the event

3.2.3 Communication center
 Collecting the updated information for the flood evolution time by time from environment agency
 Communicating (In & Out) with the region and the HQ team
 Contacting the media and giving them official news to share with the public, and updating them in the
whole evolution process
 Conducting press conferences and interviews with agreement with the mayor and BoD
 Informing the public regarding behavior during the emergency
 Preparing suitable visual and audio materials
 Establishing call center for the public
 Keeping in constant touch with media to monitor and update the latest news about the flood evolution
3.2.4 Technical center
This center consists of hydraulic experts, geotechnical experts and other experts from external industries.
More specifically, functions and responsibilities of this center can be concluded as following:
 Current situation assessment: distinguishing the needed information, proposing the solutions to
collect the needed information and distributing such information to the corresponding staff in the HQ
team
 Situation visualization with the collected information and communication with the emergency
management staff
 Documentation of analysis and evaluation results for the information
 Preparation of the final assessment report
 Assistance with the assessment and BoD in terms of technical issues of flood and relative events
 Assistance with flood experts group in managing and verifying the data provided by the environment
agency
3.2.5 Logistics center
 Assessment of the current needs during the emergency
 Assessment of current available supportive resources
 Planning and conducting donation and procurement organization
 Storing and distributing the resources for the evacuees with consideration of the financial budget and
available resources
3.2.6 Administrative center
 Constructing a working schedule for the staff to organize the reasonable break
 Taking care of the emergency management staff in terms of health, break, food and drinks, etc.
 Providing necessities inside the control room such as paper, printers etc.

In conclusion, a list of contact information of HQ team components can be presented in the table 2.2.
Organization
/Department
Title Phone
number
Alternative phone
number
Address
City of Sondrio Mayor 0342-214539 0342-571599 1, p. Campello-23100 (SO)
Fire Brigade Chief/Vice 115 0342-533000 Via Giuliani, 27/a,b,c-23100 (SO)
Hospital Chief/Vice 118 0342-521190 Via Stelvio, 25-23100 (SO)
ASL Chief/Vice 0342-5551 Via Nazario Sauro, 38-23100 (SO)
Civil Protection Chief/Vice 0342-531308 0342-212524 Via Antonio Gramsci-23100 (SO)
Local police Chief/Vice 112 0342-526221-8 Piazzale Giovanni Bertacchi, 1-
23100 (SO)
Finance police Chief/Vice 112 0342-212755 Via Rota-23100 (SO)
Carabineer Chief/Vice 112 0342-2211 Largo Antoino Sertoli, 5-
23100(SO)
External
companies
Bus company 0342-511212 Via Samaden, 35-213300(SO)
Railway
station
Piazza Stazione-21300 (SO)
Table 3.2 List of the phone number of the HQ team components

3.3 Authorities/civil protection agencies’ actions
To start introducing the actions of each agency within the HQ team, a general overview of the main actions
(conceptually) according to the challenges are identified, which are presented in the following timeline:

With the main actions identified in the previous chart, the scenario-based actions of each role involved with
the emergency management were determined in the following flowcharts, which are based on the
organization.
3.3.1 Mayor of city Sondrio
PeacePre-alarmAlarmEmergencyRecovery
-Promoting the municipality to conduct flood emergency exercises among the public and informing them
of the consequences of flood
-Arranging the meeting with the head of the civil protection department to check the function of
warning system and revise the emergency plan according to the latest situation
-Imposing additional taxes for real state located in the R1,R2 ,O1,O2,O3,O4,O5 (population
distribution map)
-Adding special part to civic courses regarding the flood (which is efficient for temporary
residents like international students)
-Assisting in revising building code regarding the usage of material in flood zones
-Giving orders upon identification and retrofitting of vulnerable building located close to river
-Giving orders upon collection of information and development of related emergency maps such as
usability map
-Giving orders upon installation of load speakers and emergency sign in public places
-Giving orders upon relocation of facilities in very hazardous area
-Revising the emergency plan
-Contacting the HQ team members to learn about the situation and promoting the technical center to
conduct the situation assessment
-Announcing the pre alarm situation to public (In order to make people to review the emergency
training )
-Reviewing the emergency plan
-Keeping in contact with all agencies
-Linking with surrounding communities should be gradually strengthened
-Ensuring continuity function of critical services
-Activating Head Quarter (emergency management center)
-Issuing the start evacuation plan according to evacuation map
-Issuing flood warnings to the public
-Promoting the flood experts group to analyze the current situation and compare this situation with
scenarios
-Making sure the serviceability of the infrastructures and lifelines
-Communicating the nearby municipalities in case of needing supportive resources
-Declaring the state of emergency
-Promoting the flood experts group to analyze the current situation and compare this situation with
scenarios
-Communicating with public through media to explain the situation
-Requesting external resources from nearby municipalities if necessary
-Ordering and enforcing evacuation if necessary and other restrictions on movement
-Coordinating and managing external resources
-Announcing the level if the state of emergency is over
-Keeping in contact with all the agencies within the emergency center
-Conducting meetings with the heads of each agency
-Conducting press conference in case of issuing the critical situation development
-Assessing the economic and physical damage
-Conducting community sympathy immediately after flood
-Meeting the public for transparency and also understanding the community’s need for reconstruction
plans
-Coordinating different organizations to perform the recovery actions
-Keeping in contact with all the recovery teams
-Conducting meetings with the heads of each team
-Requesting external resources from regional and national government
-Asking for help from higher level government in terms of documents loss
Actions of mayor
Figure 3.2. Actions of mayor of Sondrio

3.3.2 Head quarter (E.M.C)
-Conducting train sessions with cooperation of civil protection dept. among
the public
-Conducting the public education course to increase public awareness of flood
-Assisting in Identify and retrofitting the vulnerable building located close
to river
-Collecting information and creating related map
-Ordering the technical center to check the function of lifelines and critical
facilities
-Evaluating the information provided by the environment agency
-Informing the public through the communication center
-Checking the current available resources and assessing the current needs
-Making the external needed resources list
-Conducting the situation analysis and establishing the corresponding
evacuation plan
-Stopping some lifelines in case of second hazards such as fire and
electrified water
-Communicating with the mayor about the latest situation information
-Implementing actions according to the latest situation with agreement from
mayor
-Communicating with the mayor about the end of emergency
-Ordering the technical center to check water usage and treatment
-Conducting a survey among people influenced by the flood about the efficiency
of the current emergency plan
-Revising and updating the emergency plan
Actions of head quarter
Figure 3.3. Actions of head quarter (E.M.C)

3.3.3 Fire department
-Undertaking ongoing development and maintenance of skills and knowledge through regular training and studies
-Cooperating with public education systems and social communities to hold public education lectures and
emergency exercises among the public
-Carrying out building inspections to prepare risk assessment and pre-incident plan
-Checking the function of critical facilities for risk analysis
-Checking the function of fire station equipment
-Requesting the group of each fire station heads in Sondrio to meet per season and produce the reports to the
head of fire department of Sondrio
-Presenting the reports to the mayor and chief of civil protection department of Sondrio at the meetings
-Assisting in Installing informing device such as load speakers and emergency signs
-Keeping in contact within the fire brigade department and also with other agencies
-Checking internal resources to ensure the firefighting equipment available for emergency rescue
-Preparing flood defenses
-Learning the situation of potential flood area
-Alerting all the units
-Evacuating the population from the high dense population areas R1, R2, R3, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5 (population
distribution map)
-Evacuating the high dense elder areas R1, O1, O2 and O3 (population vulnerability map)
-Evacuating the pregnant and highly vulnerable people
-Evacuating temporary residents from the potential flood zones
-Providing special human and facilities to conduct evacuation from buildings with vulnerable materials, one
floor, large age and location near the river
-Distributing more human and equipment for evacuation in public buildings
-Distributing more human and equipment for evacuation of 7 hotels & 8 restaurants, 8 banks & 3 post offices,
cultural & religion sites, and entertainment areas within the potential flood zone
-Relocating and evacuating the staff and documents of 4 police stations in possible flooding zone to the
buildings which is not within the potential flood zones
-Closing vulnerable critical facilities and infrastructures within the potential flood zone in the systemic
damage map
-Distributing more human and equipment for evacuation of staff and their important documents in Comune di
Sondrio, Provincia di Sondrio and Prefettura di Sondrio within flood zone
-Preparing sandbags and waterproof materials for roads (especially R1, R2 and R3 in the physical damage to
roads map) and bridges Ponte Cavour, Ponte Matteotti and Ponte Eiffel within potential flood zone
-Preparing sandbags to stabilize the electrical stations
-Searching and rescuing people trapped in buildings
-Helping to protect important properties
-Checking streets for dangers and securing dangerous areas
-Distributing more human and equipment to high dense population zones R1, R2, R3, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5
(expected damage to population map)
-Providing special care in high dense elder zones R1, R2, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5 (expected damage to population
map) according to “population vulnerability map”
-Providing special care with the pregnant and highly vulnerable people
-Guiding the temporary residents to the shelters
-Paying more attention and equipping themselves with special facilities when conducting search and rescue
within buildings with vulnerable materials, one floor, basement, large age and location near a river
-Distributing more human and equipment in public buildings, hotels & restaurants, banks & post office,
cultural & religion sites and entertainment areas
-Distributing sandbags and other protection facilities to MVSA - Museo Valtellinese di Storira ed Arte within
the flood zone
-Assisting the policeman of 4 police stations, the staff of Comune di Sondrio, Provincia di Sondrio and
Prefettura di Sondrio and the staff of a red cross within the flood zone to evacuate
-Assigning immediate physical medical care to the rescue people and assisting the management of shelter
-Recovery the city such as pumping out water in the buildings, cleaning sewage system and clearing the streets
-Assisting the evacuees to return to undamaged houses
-Distributing more cars and other equipment for assisting evacuees from highly dense population zones R1, R2,
R3, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5 (population distribution in flood zone map) to return home
-Preparing cars to help tourist to return hotels or to train stations/airport for returning home
-Providing cars for immigrants and foreign residents living far from the shelter to return home and
distributing temporary daily needs if in need
-Assisting in cleaning the sediments and other pollutions, and pumping out the water in the buildings
-Assisting in cleaning the sediments and other pollutions, and pumping out the water in the buildings of
hostels & restaurants, banks & post office, and cultural & religion sites
-Assisting in cleaning the sediments and other pollutions, and pumping out the water for schools, hospitals,
gas stations, waste treatment and waste water treatment plant
-Clearing the sediments in the roads, train & bus station and bridges
-Assigning immediate physical medical care to the rescue people
-Assisting the management of shelter
Actions of fire department
Figure 3.4. Actions of fire department

3.3.4 Police departmentPeacePre-alarmAlarmEmergencyRecovery
-Undertaking ongoing development and maintenance of skills and knowledge through
regular training and studies
-Requesting the group of each police station heads in Sondrio to meet per season and
produce the reports to the head of police department of Sondrio.
-Presenting the reports to the mayor of Sondrio at the meetings
-Assisting in redistribute the population from R1, R2, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5 zones
(population distribution map)
-Relocating the police station Guardia di Finanza to the more safe area.
-Assisting in Adding special part to civic courses regarding flood
-Installing informing device such as load speakers and emergency signs
-Keeping in contact with other agencies
-Checking the internal resources
-Preparing road blocks and distributing them in given locations
-Putting signals on the critical points of Sondrio
-Establishing the information points for people
-Closing the entrance of parking lots
-Controlling the traffic both within and outside, and managing people in Sondrio
-Clearing the path for emergency transports according to the evacuation plan
-Closing the entrance of Sondrio in the road block map, preparing the road blocks in
the city
-Assisting firefighters and civil protection volunteers in search and rescue
-Closing the entrance of Sondrio
-Controlling the traffic and managing the public order
-Assisting in moving evacuees to shelter and managing the public order in shelter
-Identifying the injured and dead people
-Distributing human and equipment to 8 banks and 3 post offices and MVSA - Museo
Valtellinese di Storira ed Arte within the flood zone hold the public order
-Clearing the paths and relocating the use of particular roads for evacuation routes
-Clearing the streets and roads for search and rescue
-Removing road blocks and barriers, and reopening the entrance of Sondrio
-Securing the town from possible criminal events
Actions of police department
Figure 3.5. Actions of police department

3.3.5 Medical center
-Undertaking ongoing development and maintenance of skills and knowledge through regular
training and studies
-Providing all needs
-Checking the internal resources
-Preparing all the necessary medical equipment
-Preparing ambulance for people needing special care
-Assisting the fireman to provide medical facilities in evacuating the elder from R1,
O1, O2 and O3 (population vulnerability map)
-Assisting the fireman to provide medical facilities in evacuating the pregnant and
highly vulnerable people
-Activating special team for treatment of the vulnerable people
-Providing medical equipment, medicine and ambulances
-Preparing medical supplies for shelter
-Preparing temporary medical tents
-Preparing for incoming injured people
-Supporting injuries with medical treatment
-Providing in site medical treatment for people in bad physical conditions
-Distributing more human and equipment to high dense population zones R1, R2, R3, O1,
O2, O3, O4 and O5 in the expected damage to population map
-Providing special care and medical services in zones R1, R2, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5 high
dense elder zones R1, R2, O1, O2, O3, O4 and O5 in the expected damage to population map
according to population vulnerability map
-Providing special care and medical services with the pregnant and highly vulnerable
people
-Distributing more human and equipment in public buildings, hotels & restaurants, banks
& post office, cultural & religion sites and entertainment areas
-Contacting with other agencies (police stations or fire stations) for assistance
-Joining volunteers and asking for external resources if in need
-Taking care of the evacuees
-Providing psychological treatment to the evacuees in need
-Providing special cars with medical facilities to help the elder, pregnant and highly
vulnerable people to return home
-Providing continuing medical services with the elder, pregnant and highly vulnerable
people if in need
-Providing physical & psychological care and medicine with evacuees
-Reporting the number of dead and injuries to the police department
Actions of medical center
Figure 3.6. Actions of medical center

3.3.6 Civil protection
-Checking the function of warning system and revising the emergency plan according to the
latest situation
-Assisting in the public education courses to increase the public awareness of flood
emergency
-Participating the meeting with mayor and head of fire department of Sondrio
-Adding special part to civic courses regarding flood
-Revising building codes
-Collecting information and creating related map
-Installing informing device such as load speakers and emergency signs
-Assisting in Providing all needs
-Assisting in Identify and retrofitting the vulnerable building located close to river
-Assisting in Relocation of facilities
-Preparing the instruments and staff for checking critical facilities
-Announcing the pre alarm situation to public (In order to make people to review the
emergency training )
-Assisting the staff of hospital to guide patients, mentally ill and the disable for
reviewing the training courses
-Issuing guidelines for temporary residents to response in flood emergency
-Issuing guidelines for staff of hotels & restaurants, banks & post office, cultural &
religion sites, and entertainment areas to response
-Checking the current function of the roads, bridges
-Altering all their members
-Managing the volunteer group for search and rescue
-Checking the current function of critical facilities
-Providing the rescue team with current information of the vulnerable areas
-Assisting in cleaning the streets
-Assisting the firefighters and policemen during the evacuation
-Assisting people in shelters
-Providing the 4 police stations within the flood zone with a temporary office
-Providing Comune di Sondrio, Provincia di Sondrio and Prefettura di Sondrio within flood
zone with a temporary office
-Assisting in cleaning the streets
-Conducting the damage assessment for buildings and critical facilities
-Issuing the damage assessment reports
-Authorizing the evacuees to return home according to the damage assessment and updating
precise list of people in the shelters
-Providing assistance in replacing the vulnerable materials with resilient materials,
paving waterproof materials on the walls within the building
-Providing assistance in repairing buildings of hostels & restaurants, banks & post
office, and cultural & religion sites if in need
-Repairing and reopening the roads and bridges
Actions of civil protection department
Figure 3.7. Actions of civil protection department

3.3.7 Environment agencyPeacePre-alarmAlarmEmergencyRecovery
-Checking the function of monitoring system, and monitoring water depth, flows and
function of flood defenses
-Conducting analysis of the data collected from monitoring system
-Assisting in Adding special part to civic courses regarding flood
-Assisting in Revising building codes
-Assisting in Collecting information and creating related map
-Assisting in Installing informing device such as load speakers and emergency signs
-Communicating with the flood experts group about the monitoring data to ensure the HQ
team learn about the situation
-Keeping observing the physical evolution of flood to provide the accurate information
of the latest situation
-Assisting the social media to inform population in highly dense population zones R1,
R2, O2 and O3 (population distribution in flood zone map)
-Assisting the social media to inform the elder in zones R1, O1, O2 and O3
-Assisting in Informing the staff of public buildings of the situation
-Assisting in Informing the owners of buildings to relocate their valuable properties
-Assisting in Informing the staff of hotels & restaurants, banks & post office,
cultural & religion sites, and entertainment areas of the situation
-Alerting all the agencies within the HQ team
-Evaluating the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring instruments
-Repairing the monitoring instruments in case of damage
-Assessing and modifying the simulation models
Actions of environment agency
Figure 3.8. Actions of environment agency

3.4 Action list:
3.4.1 Peace phase
Peace phase
Actions
Mayor
HQ
Firedepartment
Police
department
Civilprotection
department
Medicalcenters
Environmental
agency
Conducting emergency courses and training among
the staff
A DR A A DR A A
Conducting emergency courses and training among
the citizens
DR DR A A A A A
Checking the function of monitoring and warning
system
A DR A A DR - DR
Revising the emergency plan along with other
authorities
DR - - - DR - A
Providing report to the related authorities - - DR DR - A A
Applying prevention measure in order to
redistribute the population from R1 to R3, O1 to O5
zones of population distribution map
DR - - A - - -
Adding special part to civic courses regarding flood DR - - DR DR - A
Revising building codes A - - - DR - A
Identify and retrofitting the vulnerable building
located close to river
DR A A - A - -
Collecting information and creating related map DR DR - - DR - A
Relocation of facilities
DR - - A A - -
Installing informing device such as loud speakers
and emergency signs DR - A DR DR - A
Providing all needs A - DR DR DR DR -
DR= Direct responsible organization, A= assisting the responsible organization

3.4.2 Pre-alarm
Pre alarm phase
Actions
Mayor
HQ
Firedepartment
Police
department
Civilprotection
department
Medicalcenters
Environmental
agency
Communication between agencies for latest
situation and assessments
DR DR DR DR DR DR DR
Reviewing the emergency plan DR DR DR DR DR DR A
Linking with surrounding communities DR - A A - A -
Ensuring the functionality of critical services DR DR A A DR - -
Preparing and checking the resources and
equipment
- - DR DR A DR -
Announcing the pre alarm situation to public (In
order to make people review the emergency
training)
DR A - - DR A A
Issuing guidelines for temporary residents and staff
of public facilities
DR - A - DR - -
Monitoring the physical evolution of flood - A - - A - DR

3.4.3 Alarm
Alarm phase
Actions
Mayor
HQ
Fire
department
Police
department
Civilprotection
department
Medical
centers
Environmental
agency
Activating the Head quarter and data collecting
groups
DR - - - A - A
Assessing and analyzing the data DR DR - - DR - DR
Publicizing the flood and latest situation DR DR A DR A - A
Issuing alarm situation (flood warning ) and start
of evacuation plan to the public
DR A - - - - -
Ensuring evacuation plan A A DR DR A A -
Managing the critical and public facilities and
lifelines issues according to the systemic damage
map.
DR DR DR A A - -
Communicating with other organization,
municipalities and etc. DR DR DR DR DR DR DR
Providing and Final Checkup for the resources
and equipment
- DR DR DR DR DR -
communicating with people and communities DR DR A DR A DR -
Taking action for streets ( such as road block ,
cleaning the paths and controlling traffics
according to the road block and evacuation
map) and flooded area
- A DR DR A - -
Alerting all units and members - - DR DR DR DR DR
Activating special team for treating the
vulnerable people
A A DR A A DR -

3.4.4 Emergency
Emergency phase
Actions
Mayor
HQ
Firedepartment
Police
department
Civilprotection
department
Medicalcenters
Environmental
agency
Declaring the beginning and end of emergency
situation
DR A - - - - -
Activating the expert groups for assessing and
analyzing the current situation
DR A - - - - DR
Searching and rescuing people and lead them to
safe area
- - DR A DR - -
Updating the information of the rescue team - - A A DR - -
Communicating and help public by all possible
means
DR DR DR A A A A
Communication other organization, units,
municipalities etc.
DR DR DR DR DR DR A
Coordinating and managing resources and
equipment
DR DR DR DR DR DR -
Managing the critical and public facilities and
lifelines issues
DR DR DR A A - -
Taking action for streets and flooded area - - DR DR A DR -
Taking action for medical supports and
treatments
- - A - A DR -
Identification of dead and injured A - - DR - A -
Providing securities of critical centers and
shelters etc.
- - - DR A - -
Protecting important property (by using all
means such spreading sand bags)
- - A A DR - -
Providing the needs of the shelter DR - A A A DR -
Providing temporary offices and places DR A - - DR - -
Monitoring the physical evolution of flood - A - - A - DR

3.4.5 Recovery
Recovery phase
Actions
Mayor
HQ
Firedepartment
Police
department
Civilprotection
department
Medicalcenters
Environmental
agency
Assessing the economic and physical damage and
providing damage reports.
DR DR A A DR - A
providing needs of people such as economically
and psychologically, medically services and
managing them in shelters
DR A DR A A DR -
Providing the resources and equipment needed
for recovery
DR - DR A A DR -
Assisting and Coordinating with other
organization, units etc.
DR DR A A A A A
Assessing and analyzing the current situation
(such as the end of emergency)
DR DR A A DR A A
Revising and updating the emergency plan DR DR A A DR - A
Taking action for streets and flooded area (such
as cleaning the sediment, pumping out water,
etc.)
- - DR DR A A -
Removing road blocks and reopening the
entrance of Sondrio
- - A DR A - -
Ensuring evacuees to return to undamaged
houses
- - DR A DR - -
Providing securities of critical centers and
shelters etc.
- - A DR A - -
Managing and evaluating the monitoring system
and simulation models
A A A - DR - DR

3.5 Road block maps:
Controlling the roads for preventing the incoming traffic to the Sondrio should be considered
according to the following map which is showing the blockage of the main roads entering the flood
zone area.
3.6 Sandbag Drop:
As a mitigation measure, in order to stop or at least, to reduce the severity outflow from the
Mallero river, it may be necessary to use a temporary measure, i.e. Sandbags, as a temporary
barrier (and also to increase the elevation of banks) towards the outflowing water. In the following,
the zones for which the sandbag dropping may be effective, are introduced. The sandbag dropping
operation is done by a helicopter, provided from Milan (upon approval):

4. Evacuation operation:
The number of people which must be evacuated is 1483 on the East side and 1958 on the West
side.
To quicken up the evacuation process, the West and East sides are evacuated independently from
each other. The bridges are controlled by the police, so the two parts of the city are cut from each
other.
The evacuation operation should be carried out within 3 to 5 hours. Since the duration of the alarm
phase is of 3 hours and in the emergency phase during outflow, we still have time reaching the peak
of outflow (10 hours), there is a time safety margin for the evacuation. Therefore, the priority for
evacuation shall be given to the areas near the outflowing point (west bank of the river at “Ponte
Matteotti”) such as: Piazza Garibaldi, via Alessi, corso Italia, Lungomallero Cadorna, via caimi, Via
de simioni, via bassi.
In the following, some information regarding the routes in evacuation process is provided:
4.1 Routes to the Gathering points
The route GR4 from starting point can be described as:
Starting from conjunction of via Vanoni and Via Meriggio (checkpoint), straight ahead to the end of
via Meriggio, turn left to via Morbegno, straight ahead to via Tonale, at roundabout , take the first
exit to via Samaden, Turn left onto via Donatori del sangue, at the roundabout take second exit to
via Paribelli, turn right onto vi marina d'Italia, turn right onto via brigata orbica, turn right onto via
Nani, turn left into via Teglio, to via Donegani enter the roundabout, Liceo Scientifico Statale "Carlo
Donegani"
Starting from conjunction of via Mazzini and Parolo, head east on via Mazzini toward via Caimi,
continue onto via Sauro, Continue onto via Enrico Toti, continue straight onto via Stelvio, turn left
onto via Donegani, Liceo Scientifico Statale "Carlo Donegani"
Starting from conjunction of via Cesare Battisi and via Trieste, head north on via Cesare Battisti,
turn right into via Filzi, slight left onto Giuseppe Piazzi, turn left onto via Gesu, turn right into via
Zara, turn left into piazza S. Rocco.
The route GR1,2 from starting point can be described as:
Starting from via Biacca sharp right into via Valmalenco/SP15, turn right into SP15, turn right into
Frazione Sant'Anna
The route GR1,1 from starting point can be described as:
Starting from roundabout in viale Milano and Auda, take exit to via Bernina/SP15, turn right into
SP15, and turn right into Frazione Sant'Anna.

Route Time (min) Distance* (km)
GR1,1 11 0.7
GR1,2 5 0.25
GR2 6 0.45
GR3 14 1.1
GR4 16 1.4
Walking time and distances from the checkpoints to the gathering points
* Distances from the checkpoints to gathering points
4.2 Routes to the Shelters
The route ER1 from gathering point GP1 can be described as:
Starting from roundabout in viale Milano and Auda, take exit to via Bernina/SP15, turn right into
SP15, and turn right into Frazione Sant'Anna.
Starting from via Biacca sharp right into via Valmalenco/SP15, turn right into SP15, turn right into
Frazione Sant'Anna
Starting from via Zara, turn left into piazza S. Rocco.
Starting from via Stelvio, turn left onto via Donegani, Liceo Scientifico Statale "Carlo Donegani"
Starting from via Donatori del sangue, at the roundabout take second exit to via Paribelli, turn right
onto vi marina d'Italia, turn right onto via brigata orbica, turn right onto via Nani, turn left into via
Teglio, to via Donegani enter the roundabout, Liceo Scientifico Statale "Carlo Donegani"
Route Time (min) Distance* (km)
ER1 22 1.3
ER2 4 0.35
ER3 7 0.6
ER4 14 1.1
Walking time and distances from the gathering points to the shelters
* Distances from the gathering points to the shelters

4.3 Evacuation map
In the following, the evacuation map is provided. It is important to note that, the zonation of
evacuation process, is done based on following factors:
 The flood propagation trajectory
 Vulnerability of population
 Separation of two sides of Sondrio, due to bridge unusability (isolation of East and West of
Sondrio)
Emergency evacuation procedure for flooding is very important as it will ensure that proper
procedures are followed during evacuation in order to avoid increase in casualty as well as
confusion among stakeholders and the general public. It will also help to enlighten the public on
what to do during impending flooding, who to contact, and how to start evacuation. Considering
the evacuation map and shelters which are shown on the map the evacuation, some considerations
shall be outlined:
BEFORE FLOOD
 FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES
 FOR THE PUBLIC
 BE PREPARED TO EVACUATE
 REVIEW YOUR FAMILY’s DISASTER PLAN.
 PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY

DURING FLOOD
 NOTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES:
 ENFORCING EVACUATION ORDERS
 ALERTING AND WARNING OF THE PUBLIC
 MEANS OF ALERTING THE INHABITANTS
o Warning Systems:
o Emergency Broadcast System: (Alert4all)
AFTER FLOOD DISASTER
 DROWNING
 SEDIMENT AND DEBRIS REMOVAL
For more detailed information about these consideration, check “Appendix A”

5.Resources available in Sondrio
The following table refers to the available resources in the city of Sondrio. Note that apart from
these, each agency should have a list of the available resources in their matching agencies outside
Sondrio. In case of need (event of great magnitude), the agencies and the Mayor of Sondrio ask for
external help.
Fire
department
Police
department
Municipality Hospital Red
cross
Civil
protection
Total
Human
resource*
25 20 30 20 45 50 190
Volunteer
force**
40 25 - 20***
45 100 230
Bus 1 2 4 - - 1 8
Specialized
cars
7 7 4 8 2 2 38
Pumps 5 - 5 - - 2 12
Bulldozer 1 - 2 - - - 3
Tents 20 - 50 10 30 20 130
Generators 3 - 3 6
Satellite
phones
1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Road blocks - 100 20 - - - 120
Portable
radios
- - 15 - - 15 30
First aid kits 20 10 15 40 100 10 195
Medical kit - - - 60 100 - 160
Sand bag - - 150 - - - 150
Tube boats 5 5 - - - 5 15
Helicopter - - 1****
- - - 1
Areal ladder 5 - - - - - 5
Rescue tool
kits
10 5 - - - 5 20
Table of resources
* Extra available forces from neighboring cities (''Lecco'' 81 Km 70 minutes – ''Morbegno'' 27Km 28 minute – ''Tirano'' 26
Km 32 minute – ''Bormio'' 63 Km 62 minutes – ''Chiavenna'' 61 Km 70 minutes)
** Trained volunteer forces for each organization
*** being assistant for the extra human resources for the medical department
**** Provided by Milan

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