Development of a complete flood emergency plan for the city of Sondrio (Alpine region, Italy)

FLOOD EMERGENCY PLAN
TOWN OF SONDRIO
PROFESSOR : SCIRA MENONI
BY: MARYAM IZADIFAR, BUDIWAN ADI TIRTA
ALIREZA BABAEE, AHMED HASSAN EL-BANNA
M.SC. CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR RISK MITIGATION
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Feb. 2015

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Quoting by heart from Vale and Campanella “The resilient city”
We may all be made to survive but it takes intelligence and
competence to survive well

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Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................ii
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... vi
Purpose....................................................................................................................................... vii
Activation of Plan ......................................................................................................................... vii
Flood Hazard in Sondrio................................................................................................................ vii
Planning Context......................................................................................................................... viii
Sondrio Flood Management Framework......................................................................................... viii
1. Administrative............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Status of revision..................................................................................................................1
1.2 Distribution ..........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Goal of the plan....................................................................................................................2
1.4 Scenarios.............................................................................................................................2
1.4.1 Scenario 1...................................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Scenario 2...................................................................................................................3
1.4.3 Comparison between two scenarios ...............................................................................3
1.5 Damage assessment .............................................................................................................4
1.5.1 People ........................................................................................................................4
1.5.2 Buildings .....................................................................................................................5
1.5.3 Roads .........................................................................................................................5
1.6 Threshold & phases ..............................................................................................................6
1.7 Main challenges and responses ..............................................................................................6
2. Organizational............................................................................................................................9
2.1 Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room) ...............................................................................9
2.2 Function and responsibilities of Head Quarter mermbers ........................................................10
2.2.1 Head of HQ (Mayor)...................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Deputy of the Mayor ..................................................................................................10
2.2.3 Board of Directors (BoD) ............................................................................................11
2.2.4 Research Center (Monitoring and Forecasting)..............................................................11
2.2.5 Assessment ...............................................................................................................12
2.2.6 Technical Consultant ..................................................................................................12
2.2.7 Logistics....................................................................................................................12
2.2.8 Communication..........................................................................................................12
2.2.9 Legal Department ......................................................................................................13
2.2.10 Administrative ...........................................................................................................13
2.3 Authorities and roles ...........................................................................................................16
2.3.1 Mayor of the city of Sondrio........................................................................................16
2.3.2 Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room) ....................................................................18
2.3.3 Research Center (Monitoring and Forecasting Center) ...................................................19
2.3.4 Fire brigade...............................................................................................................20
2.3.5 Police........................................................................................................................22
2.3.6 Medical Centers .........................................................................................................24
2.4 Action List..........................................................................................................................25
3. Peace......................................................................................................................................26
3.1 Improve risk awarness among authorites..............................................................................26
3.2 Improve coordination to have better preparation...................................................................27

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3.3 Increase redundancy and coping capacity .............................................................................27
4. Pre-Alarm ................................................................................................................................28
4.1 Insure coordination and communication ...............................................................................28
4.2 Pre-operation site west and east part ...................................................................................29
5. Alarm ......................................................................................................................................30
5.1 Full activation of the Plan ....................................................................................................30
5.2 Improve communication between different agencies.............................................................31
5.3 Prepare operation site.........................................................................................................32
5.4 Prevent any possible systemic damages................................................................................33
6. Emergency ..............................................................................................................................34
6.1 Life-saving trought search and rescue ..................................................................................34
6.2 To coordinate, to check and to optimize communication.........................................................35
6.3 Temporary measures ..........................................................................................................36
6.4 To prevent possible crime....................................................................................................37
7. Recovery .................................................................................................................................38
7.1 Post-event damage analysis.................................................................................................38
7.2 Works related to recovery ...................................................................................................39
7.3 Update information about the development of condition.........................................................40
7.4 To prevent long term damage..............................................................................................40
7.5 Secure from possible criminal actions ...................................................................................41
Annex 1 Maps .................................................................................................................................42
Annex 2 Leaflet ...............................................................................................................................64

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Foreword
An integrated hazard analysis considering hydrology and geological process has been
conducted considering the basin of province of Sondrio, northern Italy. The scenario
which typically happens was flood, mass movement or combination between flood
and mass movement. It involved therefore an analysis in order to know the material
which is going into river by analysis of soil movement due to land slide. These
phenomena comprised of concentrated landslide and (widespread) erosion, which
were important to the geological phenomena and river bank erosion which was
important to the geomorphologic of river.
Once the reliable results of geological processes were resulted, then they were used
as input for hydraulic problem in order to predict the total sediment. The possible
hazard scenario from the anlaysis was a dynamic flash flood which was transformed
into static hazard map in terms of velocity and water depth.
The other scenario which was based on the past study mentioned in Piani di Allarme
Connessi Alla Situazione di Rischio Idrometeorologico Nella Val Malnco by ISMES
(1988). The detail was included in the reports: ‘Integrated Hydrogeological Hazard
Analysis in Mallero River Basin: Part I – Hydraulic Process and Part II – Hydraulic
Process’ (2015).
Combining the results of the integrated hazard analysis with those of vulnerability
and exposure analysis an attempt to assess damage has been considered. Moreover
damage of some component were highlighted for both scenario. Furtheremore, all
possible challenges and responses have been identified considering the time
evolution of both scenarios. By defining the role of each authorithies who in charge
to the challenges and responses, a none-structural measurement so called
Emergency Plan – the Town of Sondrio has been developed in this report which is
aimed to reduce the losses.
This plan is produced by a group of students in “Laboratory of Emergency Planning”
course by Professor Scira Menoni at Politecnico di Milano and is the emergency plan
for flash flood in Sondrio. The Flood Emergency Plan contains the information relating
to the crisis management of flood event. The Plan is to be reviewed and updated
(as necessary) every 1 year with the first revision in February 2016.
Ensuring the information it contains is accurate and current would not be possible
without the contributions and assistance of many people from the various
organisations identified within its pages.

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Flow chart to define loss of functions and cascade events considering hazard and vulnerability
analysis – Town of Sondrio

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Introduction
Sondrio is exposed to flood risks from a variety of potential causes. In order to ensure
the region is appropriately prepared for emergency response to a flood event,
Sondrio Municipality as the control agency for flood in partnership with support
agencies and organisations shall work together to ensure all elements of
preparedness, including planning for, response to and recovery from a flood
emergency are effectively managed.
The collective knowledge, capacity and resources, support agencies and
organisations shall integrate to ensure an effective and professional emergency
management response for the community. In order to protect life, property and the
environment it is necessary to have:
 An understanding of flood risks that the community faces
 A program for prevention and mitigation of floods and their effects
 An informed, alert and prepared community
 Timely and accurate community warnings
 Identification of those responsible for controlling and co-ordinating the use of
emergency management resources
 Clarity of support roles and responsibilities
 Co-operation between emergency services and others, and acceptance of
their roles in emergency management
 Adequate resources with a coordinated approach to the use of those
resources
 Arrangements to support and enable communities as they recover from
emergencies
 Current tested and exercised plans at Regional and Municipal level
 An understanding of the potential health and medical impacts

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Purpose
The purpose of this plan is to provide strategic guidance for effective emergency
response to a flood event in Sondrio. The plan describes:
 The roles and responsibilities of agencies and organisations that have a role
in planning for, responding to and recovering from a flood event
 The monitoring of meteorological events and dissemination of timely
information to the community to minimise the threat and impact to people,
property and the environment, as a result of a flood event
 Sondrio flood emergency planning structure that details the planning
hierarchy and the elements that should be considered for planning at Regional
and Municipal levels
 The strategic control priorities, the response management and co-ordination
arrangements, and the management of flood response at the local level
Activation of Plan
Sondrio Flood Emergency Plan is active at all times and shall be implemented /
executed as required for a flood event requiring any form of emergency activity.
Flood Hazard in Sondrio
The region has many flood prone communities. The effects of flooding on the Sondrio
community can include:
 Inundation of properties
 Damage to public infrastructure, public and private assets and property
 Short or long term displacement of people
 Isolation of properties or communities
 Disruption to essential services
 Death and injuries

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Planning Context
Development of this emergency plan is based on a whole of government and
community approach that recognises the interdependencies of prevention, response
and recovery activities and that none of these activities are mutually exclusive.
Community awareness and education are integral to effective response
arrangements as response activities will be far more effective if the community has
taken measures to minimise property damage and is aware of the inherent dangers
associated with flood events. The community must also understand what actions
they will take when warnings are issued. There are two aspects of flood management
planning, ‘Floodplain Risk Management Planning’ and ‘Flood Emergency Planning’.
Floodplain Risk Management Planning is a subset of the community emergency risk
management process focused on identifying and analysing flood risks: and
evaluating and recommending appropriate flood risk treatment options. This is best
achieved through a flood study, floodplain risk management study and a floodplain
risk management plan to identify the flood risks and how these might be best
managed.
‘Flood Emergency Planning’ brings together the resources of many agencies and the
community to take appropriate and timely action in relation to flood preparedness,
response and recovery. It relies on crucial information derived from floodplain risk
management planning to inform the strategies outlined within plans.
Sondrio Flood Management Framework
The successful response to flood in Sondrio depends on strong relationships with key
partners, each having responsibility for elements of overall flood management
activities. Flood management depends on effective integration of planning,
preparedness, prevention, response and recovery at regional and local levels.

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1. Administrative
1.1 Status of revision
To ensure the validity of the document, the emergency plan should be reviewed
periodically, at least one time per year. The review will include amendments, if
appropriate. Holders are requested to inform the Emergency Planning Unit of any
amendments to the information contained in the plan.
DATE AMENDMENT No NAME & SIGNATURE
Table 1-1 Status of revision

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1.2 Distribution
The Sondrio Flood Emergency Plan is distributed among the authorities involved
and in-charged in emergency plan procedures as shown in the following lists:
 Mayor of the city of Sondrio
 Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room)
 Research Centers (Monitoring and Forecasting Center)
 Fire brigade
 Police
 Medical Center (hospitals and Red Cross)
1.3 Goal of the plan
The main goal of the plan is to reduce the losses. In order to achieve the goal
objectives of the plan are:
 To highlight difference between two scenarios considering damage
assessments;
 Identify challenges given by two scenarios and possibility to have second
order challenges (challenges of the responses);
 Respond to the challenges given by two scenarios;
 Outline the respons that have to be taken in Peace, Pre-Alarm, Alarm,
Emergency, and Recovery phases;
 Identify the roles and responsibilities of each in-charged authority in each
phases;
 Identify resources to support the respons in each phases;
 Guide maps and any other support materials (e.g. leaflet).
1.4 Scenarios
Both scenarios would be during the day where all the public facilities are open
and all the activity are running.
1.4.1 Scenario 1
The first scenario was based on the past study mentioned in Piani di Allarme
Connessi Alla Situazione di Rischio Idrometeorologico Nella Val Malnco by ISMES
(1988). The outflow discharge towards the west and east part of the city are
Qleft = 125 m3/s and Qright= 355 m3/s respectively.

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1.4.2 Scenario 2
The second scenario was based on the integrated hazard analysis considering the
geological and hydraulic process. It is reffered to the reports, ‘Integrated
Hydrogeological Hazard Analysis in Mallero River Basin: Part I – Hydraulic Process
and Part II – Hydraulic Process’ (2015).
Since the output of the analysis is the important input for risk analysis, particularly
in the case of flash flood in the city of Sondrio, according to the authors it is
relevant to knowing the critical water depth and velocity of each time step during
simulation (dynamic evolution of flood).
The final result was defined based on the critical (maximum) depth and velocity
of each time step only at some representative points (concerning the extension
of each time step).
Moreover since the model was simulated only east part of the city, it was also
assumed that the results of the west part of the city were adopted from the past
study by ISMES in which the inflow discharge was 100 m3/s.
1.4.3 Comparison between two scenarios
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Outflow discharge Qleft = 125 m3
/s
Qright= 355 m3
/s
Qleft = 100 m3
/s
Qright= 118 m3
/s
Maximum water depth 1.5 m 2.5 m
Maximum velocity 4.0 m/s 3.5 m/s
The water extension Refer to Map no. 1-2 Refer to Map no. 3-4
Table 1-2 Comparison between two scenarios
It is further assumed that the extension of the flood for both scenarios is
extended downwards until reaching Adda River. In the following are the lists of
the maps that are considered.
List of maps:
Map number: Map title:
1 Scenario 1 - General Map (with extension)
2 Scenario 1 - General Map (without extension)
3 Scenario 2 - General Map (with extension)
4 Scenario 2 - General Map (without extension)

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1.5 Damage assessment
In this chapter, an attempt to highlight the different between two scenarios
considering damage assessement has been carried out.
1.5.1 People
In the following table shows the facts about the exposure of the people.
None exposed Exposed (9728 people)
55 % 45 %
Male Female (5285 people)
46 % 54 %
Over 75 years old (1085 people) Lower than 75 years old
11 % 89 %
Table 1-3 Exposure: percentage of exposed people, male/female and elder people of the total
population (around 21,000 people)
In the following table the different results of damage assessment for people are
shown. It is evidence that the number of affected, injured and death people of
the scenario 1 are almost double of those in the scenario 2.
People Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Affected people
Number of people 2643 Number of people 1450
% of the total population 12 % % of the total population 7 %
Injured people
% of the total affected people 24 % % of the total affected people 26 %
Death peple
% of the total affected people 3 % % of the total affected people 2 %
Table 1-4 Damage assessement: affected, injured and death people according two different
scenarios

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The results of the analysis are shown in term of maps which are reffered to the
census code of each zone. By doing so relevant information such as address,
number of people, phone number can be gathered in order to support relevant
respons.
List of maps:
5 Scenario 1 - Damage analysis - affected people
6 Scenario 1 - Damage analysis - death people
7 Scenario 1 - Damage analysis - injured people
8 Scenario 2 - Damage analysis - affected people
9 Scenario 2 - Damage analysis - death people
10 Scenario 2 - Damage analysis - injured people
1.5.2 Buildings
The damage assessement of the buildings has been carried out. The level of
damage was related to the water level of each different scenarios. Moreover, the
location of building which its wall is mainly glass is also highlighted in the maps
for different scenarios. The location of this particular building was observed by
means of Google Street feature which is available in https://maps.google.com/.
11 Scenario 1 - Damage analysis - buildings
12 Scenario 1 - Location of the building with glass wall
13 Scenario 2 - Damage analysis - buildings
14 Scenario 2 - Location of the building with glass wall
1.5.3 Roads
In general the accessability considering the roads for both people and vehicles is
related to the water level and velocity. Therefore, the accessability of the road is
directly related to the general map in which the extension of flood in both
scenarios was shown. This can be refered to chapter 1.4 and maps number 1, 2,
3 and 4.

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1.6 Threshold & phases
Phases Definition Duration
Thresholds
(Obseved
Water Level
Clearance) *
Thresholds
(Observed
Water
Discharge)**
Pre-Alarm
Indication of possible
flood
12 C ≤ 3 Qu ≥ 80
Alarm High possibility of flood 8 C ≤ 1.5 Qu ≥ 120
Emergency Flood starts -- C ≤ 0 Qu ≥ 160
Recovery No flood water -- Flood Finished Flood Finished
Table 1-5 the thresholds and phases
*C: Observed Clearance of water level and river bank (in meter)
**Qu: Observed discharge (Q) in a section located upstream of the city (in m3
/sec)
Notes:
- Bed aggradation according to the flood event 1987 was considered to define
discharge threshoulds (Qu)
- In general the thresholds need to be approved based on the observation
(response for monitoring center).
Important:
- There is no priority between either types of the observed thresholds. Satisfying
one is sufficient for starting the corresponding phase.
Suggestions:
- It is suggested to install instrument in Mallero river upstream of Sondrio to
measure discharge (Qu).
- Using models in order to forecast discharge of Mallero river according to rainfall
measurements in addition to monitoring systems.
1.7 Main challenges and responses
Following table is the result of considering all physical, systemic, social and
organizational vulnerabilities and transferring them to possible challenges of each
scenarios. Moreover, responses to thoses challenges in different phases
presented. Some responses might trigger second order challenges that need
corresponding responses. This table is fundamental for definig actions, roles and
resourses of the Emergency Plan.

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Table 1-6 Challanges and respons
Peace Pre-Alarm Alarm Emergency Recorvery
Population
Population not devided equally in town which cause low
access to warnings and to information about preparatory and
emergency actions
The same
providing flood warning information leaflet guide is given to each
inhabitant in the flood zone
Mass-media (both local and regional)
Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field)
for evacuation
To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods
the network and telephone lines are expected to be
disconnect and people can not contact each other
using alternative way: providing leaflet, door-to-door
communication
Location of information center consider both side of
the city, profide leaflet and strategy for door-to-door
communication
Density
Dense areas in center of city have more exposed people
during flood which lead to difficulty in evacuation
The same
providing flood warning information leaflet guide is given to each
inhabitant in the flood zone
Mass-media (both local and regional), priority of evacuation in
center of city with high density of popylation
Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field)
for evacuation
To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods very crowded roads in time of evacuation
put police and vilunteers to help people evacuate from
different routes and sending buses for the center of
city
Information of evacuation plans and gathering points
in the maps
Classification by age very young and the very old are more vulnerable than others The same
special training for people to help elders and children in case of
emergency
Evacuation with priority for the elder people, people with special
care
Make sure all childeren and elder people have been evacuated
or are in safe places
Special care for elder people and childeren in shelters Check the mental and helth situation of elder people and children
Not possible to evacuate all elder people and children
in time
Announce them to stay in elevated areas and with
their families and acquaintance
Map that show the elder population and evacuation
maps
Classification by gender Women are more vulnerable The same Special training for people to pregnant in case of emergency Evacuation people with special care, i.e. Pregnant women To make sure about evacuation of pregnant women Special care for pregnant women in shelters Check the mental and helth situation of pregnant women
During the emergency it could be in situation where
the people living at the west part of the city who need
a special care (due to severe injure or in case of
pregnancy) than can be done only in the hospital
To evacuate using helicopter (special rescue team) to
the hospital
Map that show the gender distribution
Special attention groups
Patient - Handicapt - Mental Diseae- Poor-are more
vulnerable than others
The same
a cycle of lessons is held by the Civil Protection Volunteers in
order to prepare for flood risk. Lessons will concern both
knowledge about flood (according to level) and exercises. Each
groups are requested to make their own local emergency plan.
Evacuation of people with special needs
Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field) ,
pay attention to the needs of the disroder people
medical cycles for the attention groups supplying their needs of
medicines and care ,To give appropiate and update information
about the floods
to give medical care, To give appropiate and update information
about the floods
During the emergency it could be in situation where
the people living at the west part of the city who need
a special care (due to severe injure or in case of
pregnancy) than can be done only in the hospital
To evacuate using helicopter (special rescue team) to
the hospital
Maps and infromation showing the location of this
groups, evacuation plan (e.g. blind people)
Tourists
Less information about local environmental condition and
emergency actions
The same
providing flood warning information leaflet guide in many
languages
Mass-media (both local and regional) in many languages Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field) To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods
some people can not speak native language or
english
using media and short movies to simulate the flood
evacuation process
Maps that show the location of the hotels and
distribute the leaflet
Immigrants
Less information about local invironmental condition and
emergency actions
The same
languages
Mass-media (both local and regional) in many languages Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field) To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods
some people can not speak native language or
english
using media and short movies to simulate the flood
evacuation process
Location and number of immigrant reffered to the
cencus data and distrubute leaflet to them
Unemployed people
Don’t have rapid access to warnings and to information about
preparatory and emergency actions
The same providing suitable flood warning information system Mass-media (both local and regional) Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field) To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods The same as other people The same
Location and number of unemplyed reffered to census
data
Housekeepers
Don’t have rapid access to warnings and to information about
preparatory and emergency actions and desire to stay at
home to protect their property
The same providing suitable flood warning information system Mass-media (both local and regional) Local Supervisor (or directly from rescuers working in the field) To give appropiate and update information about the floods To give appropiate and update information about the floods The same as other people The same similar to the population
Materials
Concrete and masonry buildings are predominant in the city
and are of variable vulnerability to flooding
The same
improve the building materials eg. Replace the glasses with a
more resistant material
start evacuate people from the building with masonary Continue evacuate people from the building with masonary make sure that buildings are not collapsing
building restoration and and fix some supports to enhance the
performance of the building for the upcoming events
partially or totally collapse of some buildings
try to find a safe place for people to stay for a period
of time until restoration or reconstruction
Map of building s with glass windows in ground level
Number of Floors
most of buildings are multi stories , some other are not
especially some shops located along the river
The same try to investigate the buildings which contains only one floor
Give warn to move valuable or any danger subtance to higher
floor
Evacuation for people who has one level of house or building rescue teams go and check the base and make sure it's empty
building restoration and and fix some supports to enhance the
performance of the building for the upcoming events
N.A. N.A.
1) profide leaflet what to do, 2) location of the one
story building, 3) evacation plan
Existence of Basement
The majority of buildings have basement which are highly
vulnerable to the flood
The same
To gives suggestion not to store any valueble things in the
basement (letter from the municipality)
Give warn to move valuable or any danger subtance to higher
floor
Evacuation for people who has one level of house or building rescue teams go and check the base and make sure it's empty clean the basement from water indundation N.A. N.A.
Distrubute a letter from the municipality to suggest not
to put the valuable things in basement
Architecture
Providing open space in ground level for commercial use
made buildings more vulnerable
The same
try to investigate the buildings and to estimate the area of the
open space in order to take percautions
to put sand bags in the open spaces to decrease the effect of
flood
make sure that building with open spaces is completely
evacuated
make sure that buildings are not collapsing
try to decrease the open spaces between the structures and put
supporters
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Age of Building
Many old building exist due to the cultural issue which are
highly vulnerable to the flood
The same
to investigate the old building cases and the existance structural
case of musuems and cultural site
start by evacuating people live in very old prone building make sure that old buildings are completely evacuated make sure that buildings are not collapsing
restoration of building and try to keep the shape of historical
building
partially or totally collapse of some buildings
N.A.
Location buildings near river are more vulnerable The same
investigate the buildings beside the river eg. Which building have
glasses and which one made of concrete
To put sand bag in some commercial buildings along the river
where have glass wall
Evacuation for people who live very close to the river make sure that buildings are not collapsing restoration of building using more resistant material to the flood partially or totally collapse of some buildings
Map defining location of the sand bag, maps
ondicating buiidings with glass windows in ground
well
Hospitals
Located in east side of river, lack of accesibility specially for
west part, Lack of facilities and human resources
Located in east side of river, lack of accesibility
specially for west part, Lack of facilities and human
resources
providing emergency plan,participat training and
awareness,Building usablity check
temporary repairs
review emergency plan, check list of internal resource, prepare
medical staff and patients to move to upper floors
provide ambulances for rescue actions, keep in contact with
other agencies, call all medics and nurses,
keep in contact with other agencies, prepare for incoming
injuries, establishing medical points in adjusted area
continue providing medical service for affected people, declaring
numbers of injures and deads, provide psychological supports
Lack of comprehensive emergency paln, Lack of
consistency among different organizations in
emergency plan, Lack of accessibility to hited area,
Lack of resources, Lack of responsibility feeling,
Refer to crisis manager and follow the instruction,
define responsible person in each organization to
improve consistency and communication, ask for
extra resources from government
General Map - location of hospital and medical centre
Schools and kindergardens
Two schools are located on the innundation zone on the west
part and one on the east part, not having emergency plan, not
being prepared,panic, loseing communication with parents
during event
Two schools are located on the innundation zone on the
west part, not having emergency plan, not being
prepared,panic, loseing communication with parents
during event
In the schools, from Primary to High School, a cycle of lessons
should be held by the Civil Protection Volunteers in order to
prepare students to flood risk. Each school are requested to
make their own local emergency plan and practicing the plan.
Inform parents about emergency plan
review the emergency plane,relocation the student and children
with special care, move to higher floors,Inform the parents not to
worry because their teacher will take care of them and bring them
to shelter
Doing evacuation,move to shelters, Inform the parents about
children condition and place, communicate with other rescue
teams to transport children safe, try not to panic children
control evacuation, keep in contact with other organizations,
check the place for injured or trapped students, provide
necessary medical and psychological supports, move injuries in
to medical centers
Manage to deliver childeren to their parents or specific
organization, declaring number of injuries and deads,
psychological supports
Lack of resources, Lack of responsibility feeling
General Map - location of schools and kindergardens
Firestations
Located in east side of river, lack of accesibility for west part.
Lack of facilities and human resources
Located in east side of river, lack of accesibility for west
part. Lack of facilities and human resources
providing flood emergency plan,practicing, coordinate two
separate area, coordinate volunteers
review emergency plan, check list of internal resource, control
and secure the bridges and the levees of the river, prepare
sandbages,
control the evacuation of the people and critical facilities,prepare
operation site in the west,put sandbages, close the
bridgesprevent possible Na-Tech induced hazard, coordinate
volunteer groups
Rescue operation,control and secure the bridges and the levees
of the river,check the stereets and rescue injured or trapped
people, prevent possible Na-Tech induced hazard,prepare the
shelter areas to and provide primary goods as water and food to
the population
secure the areas and decide when it is safe for the population to
enter the streets, provide shelters and resources, pumping flood
water, pumping swage sys
General Map - location of firestation
Police offices
one police station is located in flood area, difficulty in
transportation because of closed bridge,traffic, loss of
functiona,loss of important documents, Lack of facilities and
human resources , lack of communication between police and
other rescue team
one police station is located in flood area,difficulty in
transportation because of closed bridge,traffic, loss of
important documents, Lack of facilities and human
resources, lack of communication between police and
other rescue team
providing flood emergency plan and guide for people and
practicing, store important documents in safe place, traine
volunteers
Inform people, close parcking entrances,control the traffic,replace
important documents,keep in contact with other police stations
and organizations, reduce induced damage caused by cars
preparing roadblocks and distribute them in given area,control
the traffic and manage people in the street, establishing
information points in the city,control the evacuation of the critical
facilities,prevent possible Na-Tech induced hazard,
Secure,protect and preserve town,check the streets, clear path
of emergency transportations, cooperate with firefighter in
emergency actions, close the entrance to the city, control the
evacuation of the critical facilities,prevent possible Na-Tech
induced hazard,keep in contact with other rescue team
enter the streets, identify dead and injured people, developing a
traffic plan according to the usability of roads, secure town from
possible criminal actions,
General Map - location of police offices
Hotels
8 hotels are located on the innundation, 7 on the east and 1
on the west
7 hotels are located on the innundation, on the east
languages
to estimate and monitor the number of tourist during the event
and inform them about emergency plan
inform tourist and doing evacuation,move to higher floors or safe
palce
control evacuation, move tourist to safer place or shelters secure the place and provide accomodation for tourist
General Map - location of hotels
Cultural sites Most of the cultural heritage are in the flood prone area Most of the cultural heritage are in the flood prone area temporaray repairs, establish emergency plan to preserve sites put sandbags and other possible mitigation measures,
put sandbags and protection measures,replace removable
particles to higher place,
put sandbags and protection measures,replace removable
particles to higher place,
damage assessment, primary repairmane
General Map- location of historical sites .
Municipality
the building is effected during the event, loss of functiona,loss
of important documents, loss of communication
the building is effected during the event, loss of
functiona,loss of important documents, loss of
communication
Establish emergency plan and mitigation meseasures,
coordinate other organuzations
define location for emergency center to safer place and do
communication with other organizations,review emergency plan
define location for emergency center to safer place and do
communication with other organizations, inform people, decide
for evacuation,check total resources
communicate with rescue teams, decide to stop the functions of
some lifelines (Gas, Electricity, etc) to prevent any hazards of
fires or electrified water, managing crisis,
communicate with rescue teams and asking government for
resources, decide when it is safe situation for population,
managing crisis,
General Map - location of municipality
Banks
7 banks are located in flood area. bank
office could be stopped for a certain time by interrupting in the
power system which can cause an interruption in other
branches function.
Overall, this interruptions will effect on economic activity of
Sondrio
5 banks are located in flood area.
bank office could be stopped for a certain time by
interrupting in the power system which can cause an
interruption in other branches function.
Overall, this interruptions will effect on economic activity
of Sondrio
Establish emergency plan and mitigation meseasures,
coordinate with other banks
review emergency plan, replace important documents to safer
place, communicate with other organizations
decide to evacuation, replace important documents, putting sand
bages and protective measures
evacuations, putting sand bages, ask for protection team in case
of crime actions
damage assessment, primary repairmane
General Map - location of banks
Road
Problem with physical accessibility to services because road
usability is problematic even in low severity flood considering
internal accessability. Considering external accessability, to
reach other city, the only possible to access is toward the
citiest on the west or east part. It is likely that during the event
the access towards the north is blocked due to possible
landslide
The same coordination among the authorities
Informing and warning the people of Sondrio about both the
potential
benefits and dangers of using cars in flood emergencies.Prepare
the road blocks barrier. Possible to have traffic conjucntin in
some part
Road blockade to avoid people enter to danger area. Possible to
have traffic conjucntin in some part
Road blockade to avoid people enter to danger area. Possible to
have traffic conjucntin in some part
damage assessment, primary repairmane ,clean the area,
enter, developing a traffic plan according to the usability of roads
Lack of consistency among different organizations ,
Lack of accessibility to hited area, Lack of resources,
Lack of responsibility feeling
define responsible person, ask for extra resources
from government
Map with location of road blockade and address, also
alternative route to reach other cities
Railway (line) Affected by innundation area The same coordination among the authorities
Close the railway, give information for the passanger for
alternative tranposrtation
enter,, developing a traffic plan according to the usability of
railway
from government
Railway network map
Railway station
Railway station is affected by flood. No access during the
event
The same coordination among the authorities
closed the station, give information for alternative tranpostation closed the station, give information for alternative tranpostation
enter, developing a traffic plan according to the usability of
station
from government
Location of temporary bus station to give alternative of
transportation from and to sondrio
Bus station Bus station is affected by flood. No access during the event The same coordination among the authorities
Close the stations, give information for the passanger for
Move the station to safer area, give information for the passanger
about the location
closed the station, give information for alternative tranpostation
enter, developing a traffic plan according to the usability of
station
from government
Location of temporary bus station to give alternative of
transportation from and to sondrio
Bridges
Connections between the left and right banks of the town
could be lost if bridges
are damaged, or if they are too dangerous to cross.
The same
Temporary repairs, check the usability of bridge
Consider two 'plan' for these two separated area, review
emergency plan, , control and secure the bridges and the levees
of the river, prepare sandbages,
Put Sandbages& barriers , Closed the bridge
Sandbages& barriers to inundating water
prepared two alternative solution considering: shelter, and rescue
teams
enter, developing a traffic plan according to the usability
prepared two alternative solution considering: shelter,
and rescue teams,refer to crisis manager and follow
the instruction, d, ask for extra resources from
government
Map location of the bridge, blockade. Map of location
of shelter and place for gathering
Lifeline -Sewerage system
The sewerage system may be submerged by the flood water,
can contamint the ground water and spread away by the flood
due to the damage of the line. Degree of depedency is
medium to the electricity line
The same
Connecting the internal emergency planning of the company (if
any) with the emergency planning to do immediate action for
repairment (contingency plan)
Try to monitor the sewarage system and prepare the generator
to pomp it
analyse the sewarage system and pomp it in case of blockage pomp sewerage in blockage, clean contaminated palace
secure the areas , developing a using plan according to the
usability
from government
Location of lifelines, and possible problem. Assuming
the lifelines are located under the road
Lifeline - Gasline
Lost of gas , Possible to have na-tech due to damage of the
Gas lines
The same
any) with the emergency planning to guarentee shut down or
isolate the supply of the gas and recovery (contingency plan)
try to monitor the system, close the valve from the supplier if
necessary
analyse the system, close the valve from the supplier i in
necessary parts
close the valve from the supplier, rediuce induced hazard
usability
from government
Lifeline - Electricity line City will lost Electricity it cause systemic vulnerability The same
back-up arrangements for electricity supplies during the periods
of bad weather when floods and landslides are likely to be
prevalent in the province are required to prevent a breakdown in
lifeline services.
Monitor the system and try to prepare the generator as back up analyse the system, turn off the supplier in necessary parts
turn off the supplier, provide generator for emergency use and
for important parts like hospitals…
usability
from government
Lifeline - Water supply
Possible to have disruption of service and contamination
during the event and after
The same
any) with the emergency planning to guarentee the continuity of
water supply during emergency and recovery (contingency plan)
Monitor the system and try to prepare the generator as back up
to generate electricity
analyse the system, close the valve from the supplier in
necessary parts , findout contaminatted water supply
close the valve from the supplier in necessary parts , findout
contaminatted water supply
usability
from government
Petrolium
The industrial area are located at downstream of the city.
They are located outside the extension of the river. But still
theres is possible to have low level of water from the flood that
can trigger chemical polution and can contaminate the ground
water and spread away by the flood. This facility has only one
main road to access.
The same with lower possibity of innundation
any) with the emergency planning to shut down or isolate the
supply of the gas, avoiding any leackage or damage of tanks
(contingency plan).
To prepare some temporary structural measure such as sand
bag
monitor the condition of the water evolution and to prepare sand
bag if necessary, replacing dangerous material to higher floor,
issue the evacuation
to install sand bag to block the possible water coming to
important place,
usability
from government
General Map - location of industry
Medical purposes
The industrial area are located at downstream of the city.
They are located outside the extension of the river. But still
theres is possible to have low water from the flood that to
have bussiness disruption, no production during the event.
They are located close to the river with only one main road to
access
The same
any) with the emergency planning, relating have better resillience
regarding bussiness continuity (contingency plan)
To prepare some temporary structural measure such as sand
bag
important place,
usability
from government
Production
The production site is located to the severe zone. No access
during the vent
The same with lower possibity of innundation
any) with the emergency planning, relating have better resillience
regarding bussiness continuity (contingency plan)
To evacuate chemical materials that may spread with flood water
important place,
usability
from government
Organization
To make sure if there is internal emergency planning
considering all involved organizations
The same
pre-arranged agreements or protocols exist among both private
firms and between public authorities and private firms, which
would help increase resilience to flooding
All responsible stakeholders make contact to each other and
response to emergency crisis managers
All stakeholders follow the instruction of Emergency Plan and
who is in charge of crisis management
All stakeholders follow the instruction of Emergency Plan and
who is in charge of crisis management
Review the Emergency Plan efficiency and modify organization
for crisis management
Not well defined responsibilites among different
stakeholders in the Plan
Refer to crisis manager and follow his/her instruction Organization chart and crisis management hierarchy
Communication and
Technology
Failure of the communication system or people who could not
access to proper warning and emergency meessages
The same
Define alternative communication system in case of there
disruption of the communication line, i.e. Telephone
Flow chart of chain of communication flow
check communication status and make contact with crisis
managers
check communication status and make contact with crisis
managers
Improve technological aspect of communication in case of any
flaws
Not well defined communication routes and
procedures
Refer to crisis manager and follow his/her instruction
Flow chart of chain of communication flow with
alternative way of communication: sms, media center,
leafleat, door-to-door during each time. Location of
Emergency centre
Technology and Human
Resource
Some devices may not work during the event, due to the
interuption of electricity or broken insitu devices. Also
hydrometer which is located on the brdige may be disrupted.
The same
To regular check devices like rain gauges in mountain areas and
to have people responsibles to monitor the water level in the river
To prepare and put surveyor in safer place to monitor the river
water evolution
To prepare and put surveyor in safer place to monitor whether the
water flows out
Have supervision of water inflow in order to have proper
response and know the ending time of inflow
To control all devices and make sure those are available for
possible post events
Measurement of water clearance in different
positions. Outflow might happens in different locations
Having different observtion points along the channel
especially in bridge positions with multiple observers.
General Map - location of bridges
Communication Possibility of flood during night and/or weekends The same
To give responsibility to authorities that available 24/7 during the
predicted months to guarentee that the message is spreaded,
Regular check the devices and having drills.
Available communication persons with proper devices in
coresponding observing positions and Emergency Management
Center.
Center.
Center.
Regular checking the devices False alarm broadcasting
Double checking the communicated alarms with other
observation points
General Map - location of bridges
Early Warning
System
People
Residential &
Commertial
Buildings
Public Facilities
Infrastructure
Industry
Social & Technical
Aspects
Response to second order
challenges
Information: maps, charts,
addresses, etc.
Challenges related to the
responses
Factors Component Challenges related to scenario I
Challenges related to
scenario No. II
Responses

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Page | 8
Table 1-7 Evolution of challanges in different phases
Table 1-8 Responses to the challenges in different phases

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2. Organizational
2.1 Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room)
The Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room) is the main unit controlling the
emergency and is responsible for the crisis response. The Board of Directors
(BoD) is the managing team of the control room and consists of the Mayor (Head
of the HQ), Chief of Police Department, Chief of Fire Department, Head of Medical
Departments and Head of Research Center.
Figure 2-1 Responsibilities of the Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room)
Head of HQ
(Mayor)
Assessment
Technical
Consultant
Logistics Communication
Legal
Department
Administrative
Deputy of Mayor Board of Directors
(BoD)
Head of Research Center
Chiefs of Police
Chief of the Medical
Departments
Chief of Fire Dep.

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2.2 Function and responsibilities of Head Quarter mermbers
2.2.1 Head of HQ (Mayor)
 Overall responsibility for the processing of assignments considering all the
relevant principles
 Assuring success
 Informing, advising and corporate with BoD on the current situation and all the
developments and decisions.
 Evaluate the results of actions being done to check for the efficiency of actions
 Agreement on a financial framework
 Team composition of the crisis staff
 Arrangements with external stakeholders
 Assignment of key activities within the staff
 Co-ordination of the work processes between different subject groups
 Specification of concrete goals & objectives, development of priorities
 Control of working processes
 Co-ordination of all parties concerned with the decision making process
 Recognition of the need for meetings & situation reports
 Assurance of the addition of other necessary experts and consultant due to
changed situation
2.2.2 Deputy of the Mayor
 Proposal of the convention of the crisis staff
 Guidance of subordinate staff and organizational units in financing, health and
safety, security, environment protection
 Co-operation with / Support of Police, Fire safety, regulation authorities
 Preplanning: Creation of alarm and emergency plans
 Situation assessment, Information assessment. Is the information sufficient to
evaluate the situation? Where do problems and hazards present themselves?
Which development of the situation can be predicted considering own measures
taken? How will the situation develop if we do not intervene? Best-case/worst-
case consideration? Planning of financial resources, differentiation of the staffs
duties
 Planning: Predictive preliminary planning of proposals for assigning priorities,
what are priorities? Assessment of the resources necessary for the different
alternative solutions (what does what, where until when and with what goal?)
 Control of the implemented operations: Do the chosen measures results in the
desired outcome? Do further measures have to be taken?

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2.2.3 Board of Directors (BoD)
 Establishment and appointment of crisis team
 Directive authority to the crisis staff
 Overall responsibility for handling the crisis
 Execution of interviews and press conferences
- Chief of Fire Department: responsible of the safety, rescue and emergency
operations also in case of chemical danger, responsible for managing the
volunteer groups
- Chiefs of the Police: responsible for the security, public order, the management
of traffic jam, the roads accessibility
- Chief of the Medical Forces: responsible for the help and the health care system
- Head of Research Center: responsible for scientific verification of data,
assessments and consequences of decisions with regard to physical evolution of
the event
2.2.4 Research Center (Monitoring and Forecasting)
The goal of the monitoring center is to use all the instruments and knowledge
they have to keep under observation all the factors and parameters that could
generate a flood in the town. In particular, when the thresholds of different
phases of the emergency (i.e. Pre-Alarm, Alarm, Emergency) is exceeded, to
communicate the situation to the BoD.
If the Alarm threshold is exceeded, the monitoring center has to communicate
and continuously update information for Head Quarter and give accurate
information about the situation and evolution as often as needed to the Head
Quarter.

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2.2.5 Assessment
 Situation assessment: Active information procurement, what information is
needed? Where to get this information? Who in the staff needs this information?
 Analysis and evaluation of information
 Forwarding of relevant information for the situation visualization
 Situation visualization
 Informing the crisis staff
 Documentation of decisions
 Collection, registration and safeguarding all information
 Producing the final report of assessment results
2.2.6 Technical Consultant
 Advising the assessment team and BoD regarding the scientific technical issues
of flooding and relative events
 Manage, understand and verify the data provided by the monitoring center
 Cooperate with the assessment team in all the technical issues related to flood
hydraulics
2.2.7 Logistics
 Guidance of subordinate staff and organizational units: storage
 Planning and execution of the supply and procurement organization
 Prepositioning, acquisition and distribution of materials under the consideration
of financial budget and available resources
2.2.8 Communication
 Alert all the critical infrastructures, agencies and at risk units
 Informing Media/Press to distribute the warning message to public
 Information public regarding behavior during the crisis
 Setting up information telephone lines
 Press/Media information (in coordination with Assessment Report):
 Collection, selection & processing of information regarding the current situation
 Monitoring & evaluating of the media situation & press reviews
 Development of Press & Media information (in agreement with the Mayor & where
necessary the BoD)
 Setting up information telephone lines Inclusion of the press & media in the crisis
management
 Preparation of suitable visual and audio material

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 Press/Media care: Information, management & accommodation of press & media
representatives
 Preparation & conducting press conferences, talks & interviews
 Staying in constant touch with press & media
 Co-ordination of press work with external stakeholders: Grouping, agreement &
controlling of press & media work with external authorities such as provincial,
regional and/or national officials, neighboring towns, other involved agencies &
authorities (police, civil protection,...) & other affected outside towns
 Advising the crisis staff regarding the effects & repercussions of alternatives of
action on communication
 Development of proposals for the communication strategy
2.2.9 Legal Department
 Advising the crisis staff in legal issues, evaluation of the situation with regards to
legal consequences
 Examination of critical subject matters and insurances during the crisis
 Ensuring a legal way of handling the crisis
2.2.10Administrative
 Establishing a working time table in order to organize the necessary short breaks
for staff in order to keep them fresh
 Taking care of the crisis staff regarding health, food and drinks, etc.
 Providing necessities inside the control room (paper, printer, markers, etc.

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LIST OF THE PHONE NUMBER OF THE HQ COMPONENTS
STAKEHOLDER NAME ADDRESS PHONE
NUMBER
ALTERNATIVE
CELL NUMBER
Mayor Vitali Antonio 340……… 327…….
Fumagalli Carlo 320……… 333…….
Fireman Fire Station 0342/…….
Com. Valtolina
Arturo
347……… 329…….
Police Police Station 0342/…….
Com. Fraquelli
Maurizio
327……… 331……..
Carabinieri Carabinieri Station 0342/…….
Com. Esposito
Carmelo
333……. 328……..
Guardia di Finanza GdF Station 0342/……..
Com. Galbusera
Vittorio
348……. 339…….
Medical Forces 118 Station Via Stelvio 25 0342/……..
Dott. Aondio
Giancarlo
332…….. 347……..
Volunteers Amigoni Giovanni 341……… 0342/……..
Bodega Carlo 333…….. 326……..
External
Industries
COLSAM 0342/……..
External Agencies Electricity Agency
(ENEL)
0342/……..
Water Agency 0342/……..
Gas Agency 0342/……..
Phone Agency
(TELECOM -
0342/……..

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VODAFONE –WIND,
TRE)
External
Companies
Bus Company Via Samadem 35 0342/……..
Railway Station Piazza Stazione 0342/……..
Building Constructor 0342/……..
0342/……..
Hotels Grand Hotel della
Posta
Piazza Garibaldi
19
0342/050644
Hotel Vittoria Via PIazzi 0342/533888
Hotel Europa Lungo Mallero
Cadorna 27
0342/515010
Hotel Schenatti Via Tonale 0342/512424
….. 0342/……..
….. 0342/……..
Schools ITC “De Simoni” Via Tonale 18 0342/514516
Ist. “F. Besta” Via Tonale 0342/515107
Ist. “Pio XII” Via Giosuè
Carducci
0342/200043
….. 0342/……..
….. 0342/……..
….. 0342/……..
….. 0342/……..
Others Municipality 0342/……..
Hospital 0342/……..
Prefector 331………. 0342/……..
Blind People 0342/……..

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2.3 Authorities and roles
2.3.1 Mayor of the city of Sondrio
Peace
 Arranging meetings with the Head of Civil Protection Departments to discuss
the results of warning alarm practice and improve the emergency plan.
Pre-Alarm
 Informing the Head Quarter members and also the calling center to inform
the crisis team
 Review the emergency plan.
 Situation assessment.
 Keep in contact with all agencies.
 Links with surrounding communities should be gradually strengthened.
 Ensuring continuity functioning of critical services.
 Issuing the evacuation procedure for special need people and schools.
Alarm
 Activating Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room).
 Informing nearby municipalities of the event in case of needing support in
resources.
 Situation analysis, comparing real time with scenarios.
 Issuing flood warnings to exposed people, critical facilities and all involved
agencies
 Make sure the serviceability condition of infrastructures and lifelines.
 Issuing the total evacuation procedure
Emergency
 Declare the state of emergency.
 Situation analysis, comparing real-time with scenarios.
 Communication to people through media: Explaining the situation.
 Ask for resources from external sources if necessary (other municipalities).
 Announce the level if the state of emergency is over.

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 Evaluate the results of actions being done to check for the efficiency of actions
 Coordinate and manage external resources
Recovery
 Economic damage assessment
 Community sympathy immediately after flood
 Public meetings for transparency, also to understands the community’s need
for planning recovery actions
 Co-ordination between different organizations performing the recovery
actions.
 Nature decontamination actions
 Water decontamination actions

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2.3.2 Head Quarter (Crisis Management Room)
Peace
 Performing training sessions in cooperation with civil protection official in
schools and community center with supporting of churches and volunteers
Pre-Alarm
 Review the emergency plan
Alarm
 Being activated
 Informing the population using mass-media and signals on the street
 Check internal resources
 Communication with the agencies outside of Sondrio, providing necessary
information about available resources.
 Check total resources
 Situation analysis
 Supervising evacuation procedure
Emergency
 Head Quarter might stop the functions of some lifelines (Gas, Electricity, etc.)
to prevent any hazards of fires or electrified water.
 Compare real situation with scenarios.
 Managing crisis
Recovery
 Review and updating Emergency Plan according to experienced crisis

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2.3.3 Research Center (Monitoring and Forecasting Center)
Peace
 The monitoring center uses all the instruments and knowledge they have in
order to keep under observation all the factors and parameters that could
possibly generate a flood in the town.
 The Forecasting system receives the necessary information from the
Monitoring center and provides forecasting for the nearest future situation
using appropriate models. In the peace time the forecasting system must
assess the possibility of future flood occurrence.
Pre-Alarm
 Communicating the Head Quarter
 Observe the situation and providing accurate information of the event
evolution
Alarm
 Observe the situation and providing continuous accurate information of the
event evolution
Emergency
 Observe the situation and providing continuous accurate information of the
event evolution
Recovery
 Evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring devices and forecasting
models

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2.3.4 Fire brigade
Peace
 Participating training and awareness sessions and simulations in for each fire
fighter to know their responsibilities during a possible event.
 Heads of the each fire station should meet at least two times a year providing
a report to the head of the fire department. The head of fire department will
present those reports at the meetings with the mayor and chief of civil
protection department.
Pre-Alarm
 Keep in contact with other fire stations and the main fire department.
 Coordinate emergency response services of all public bodies.
 Check list of internal resource
 Helping evacuation procedure for special need people and schools.
Alarm
 Activate all the units.
 Preparing sand bags and distribute them in assigned locations.
 Evacuate people according to the evacuation plan
 Prepare operation site in the west
 Cooperate with police units in emergency actions
 Coordinate volunteer groups in actions
 Evacuate the critical facilities
Emergency
 Check the streets and report the dangerous items to HQ. Found items will be
removed according to priority list. Priorities are listed as; dangerous items at
streets, tankers or container with gasoline or chemicals, dangerous items at
construction areas and cars reducing the accessibility.
 Rescuing people injured or trapped and moving them to the medical center if
medical ambulances are not available in place.
 Keep contact with the other fire forces and the Chief to report the current
situation and the end of danger (All Clear State)

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 Check the street with boats to save people caught by flood
Recovery
 Continue providing rescue services for stuck people.
 Supporting evacuees and maintaining shelters.
 Pumping out overloaded sewage system
 Pumping flood water out of town

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2.3.5 Police
Peace
 Participating training and awareness sessions and simulations in order for
each police unit to know their responsibilities during a possible event.
 Heads of the each station should meet at least two times a year providing a
report to the head of the police department. The head of police department
will present those reports at the meetings with the mayor and chief of civil
protection department.
Pre-Alarm
 Keep in contact with other police stations and the main police department.
 Coordinate emergency response services of all public bodies.
 Helping evacuation procedure for special need people and schools.
Alarm
 Activate all the units.
 Preparing road blocks and distribute them in given locations.
 Control the traffic, manage the people on the streets
 Establishing information points in the city
 Put warning signs in critical locations
 Clear the path for emergency transportations (medical units, critical facilities
units)
 Assist fire fighters in public evacuation.
 Secure, protect and preserve the town.
 Make sure to clear the streets from the big moving objects.
 Co-operate in warning non-accessible people (door-to-door and megaphone
warning)
 Close the entrance of underground parking areas
 Co-operate with firefighter units in emergency actions
 Closing the bridges to prevent water entrance

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Emergency
 Informing people and alerts going around in the specified zones.
 Check the streets and report the dangerous items to HQ. Found items will be
removed according to priority list.
 Close the entrance to the city
 Keep assisting firefighters in public and critical facilities evacuation.
 Continue actions to be done in emergency phase
 Keep in contact with other critical facilities departments and take action in any
observed emergencies.
 Identify the dead and injured people
Recovery
 Removing any road blocks and barriers
 Developing a traffic control plan according to the case and usability of roads.
 When possible, reopen the bridges to re-establish the connection between
both city sides.
 Secure the town from possible criminal actions.
 Help the other organization in investigating the situation in the damaged
areas.

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Page | 24
2.3.6 Medical Centers
Peace
 Participating training and awareness sessions and simulations.
Pre-Alarm
 Prepared the medical staff and patients in the Hospital for moving to upper
floors or evacuation.
Alarm
 Call in all medics and nurses.
 Keep in contact with other agencies.
 Move all the necessary equipment, staff and patients to upper floors.
 Prepare equipment and staff needed for medical points according to
Emergency Plan Map.
 Providing ambulances for rescue actions
Emergency
 Prepare for incoming injuries
 Establishing medical points.
 Keep in contact with other critical facilities departments and take action in any
observed emergencies.
 Support injuries with medical treatments
 Send medical teams for people who cannot be transferred to the hospital
Recovery
 Continue providing medical service for affected people.
 Declaring numbers of injuries and deaths.
 Provide psychological treatments for survivors.

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Page | 25
2.4 Action List
Phases: Peace, Pre-Alarm, Alarm, Emergency, Recovery
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PA_1
Improve risk awarness among
authorites
XO XO XO XO XO O O XO O XO
PA_2 Improve coordination O XO X X X X X X X X
PA_3
Increase redundance and
coping capacity
X X X X XO
PR_A1
Insure coordination and
communication XO XO XO XO XO XO O O O O O
PR_A2
Pre-operation site west and
east part
O XO O XO X XO O XO XO XO X
AA_1 Activating the plan XO X O XO XO O O O O
AA_2
Improve coordination and
communication between
different agencies
XO XO X XO X XO O O XO
AA_3
Prepare operation site in the
west and east
X XO XO XO XO O XO
AA_4
Prevent any possible systemic
damage
X X XO O
EA_1 Life-saving trought search and
rescue
XO XO X X
EA_2
To coordinate, to check and to
optimize communication
among authorities incharged
XO X X X X X X X O
EA_3
Temporary measures due to
development of situation
XO XO X O X
EA_4 To prevent possible crime X
RA_1
Post-event damage analysis
O X X X X X X O
RA_2
Works related to recovery
XO XO O XO O
RA_3 Provide information about the
development of condition
X O
RA_4 To prevent long term damage
(people)
X O O O
RA_5 Secure the town from possible
criminal actions.
O X O O
X = Responsible, O = Support
Note: For detail descriptions for each action refer to corresponding chapter.

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Page | 26
3. Peace
3.1 Improve risk awarness among authorites
Code Actions
Responsible: X , Support: O
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PA_1
Improve risk awarness among
authorites
XO XO XO XO XO O O XO O XO
Code Support actions
Mayor
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
MedicalCenters
Schools
Media
PrivateSectors
Church
Volunteers
Resources and
capacity needed
PA_1A
Practical drills in order
to improve reactions
in the case of crisis
X O X X X O O O O O
Crises management
experts to give
courses to volunteers
PA_1B
Training courses for
the Civil Protection
Volunteers in order to
prepare s to flood risk.
O O X X
Crises management
experts to give
courses to volunteers
PA_1C
Providing flood
warning information
leaflet guide (multi
language)
X O O O O O
Maps for exposure
population to start by
the dense areas with
highly vulnerability to
the flood
(Map no. 15)
PA_1D
Giving responsiblity to
authorities to be
available 24 hours in 7
days considering early
warning system
X X O O O
Communication
between the different
authorities
(See chapter 2.1)

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Page | 27
3.2 Improve coordination to have better preparation
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PA_2
Improve coordination to have better
preparation O XO X X X X X X X X
Code
Support
actions
Mayor
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
MedicalCenters
Schools
Media
PrivateSectors
Church
Volunteers
Resources and capacity
needed
PA_2A
coordination
among the
stakeholders
O X X X X X X X X X Flow chart of chain of
communication flow with
alternative way of
communication: sms, media
center, leafleat, door-to-door.
(See chapter 2.1 & Annex 2)
PA_2B
Connecting the
internal
emergency
planning of the
stakeholders
O O X X X
3.3 Increase redundancy and coping capacity
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PA_3
Increase redundancy and coping
capacity X X X X XO
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
MedicalCenters
PrivateSectors
Resources and capacity needed
PA_3A
Weather Forecasting to provide
information for the nearest future
situation
X Communicate with authorities in
charged
PA_3B
To check whether any backsystem
works, i.e. Generator for electricity
X X X X
General Maps including already the
(lifelines ), Policemen , firemen and
volunteers (Maps no. 1-4)
PA_3C
Having special protection for Petrolium
or any other facilities to avoid Na-Tech.
X X O
Maps for critical facilities
(industries) ,Policemen , firemen and
volunteers (Maps no. 1-4)

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Page | 28
4. Pre-Alarm
4.1 Insure coordination and communication
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PRA_1
Insure coordination and communication
among authorities XO XO XO XO XO XO O O O O O
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
Resources
and capacity
needed
PRA_1A
Coordination in Head
Quarter
X X O O O O O
See chapter 2.2
PRA_1B
Situation assessment
and reviewing the
emergency plan
X X X X
General Map ,
policemen ,
firemen and
volunteers
(Maps no. 1-4)
PRA_1C
Following chart for
chain of communication
flow
X X X X X X O O O O O
See Figure 2-1.
PRA_1D
To be prepared and put
surveyor in safer place
to monitor the river
(warning system)
O O X
General Map -
location of
bridges (Maps
no. 1-4)

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 29
4.2 Pre-operation site west and east part
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
PRA_2
Pre-operation site west and east
part O XO O XO X XO O XO XO XO X
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
Resources and
capacity
needed
PRA_2A
Announce people for
starting evacuation of
special need persons
and/or stay in safe
and high places
O X O X X O X X X X X
Maps that show
exposed
population
(no.16 & 17)
and evacuation
maps (no. 18 &
19)
PRA_2B
Prepare the road
blocks, barriers and
sand bags and be
ready for installing in
case of Alarm
O O X X O
Map with
location of road
blockade and
address, also
alternative route
to reach other
cities (no. 20 &
21)
PRA_2C
Prepare the bridge
blocks and be ready
for installing in case
of Alarm
O O O X O
PRA_2D
To estimate and
monitor the number
of tourist and
contacting to hotels
and commercial
centers to announce
turist about the
situation
O X X
Maps that show
the location of
the hotels (no.
1-4) and
distribute the
leaflet (Annex 2)
PRA_2D
Start evacuation of
people with special
needs (Childeren,
pregnant women,
elder people,
handicap)
O O X X X O O O O X
Maps and
infromation
showing the
location of this
groups,
evacuation plan
(no.16 & 17)
PRA_2E
Prepare the medical
staff and patients in
the Hospital for
moving to upper
floors or evacuation.
X X
Maps for critical
facilities ,
volunteer to
help inside
hospitals (no. 1-
4, 11 & 13)

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Page | 30
5. Alarm
5.1 Full activation of the Plan
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
AA_1 Full activation of the Plan XO X O XO XO O O O O
Code Support Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
Resource and capacity
needed
AA_1A Activating HQ X O O O
Safe public building in
zone that won’t affected
by flood ((See maps no. 1-
4, 11 & 13)
Organization chart and
crisis management
hierarchy
AA_1B
Activate all the units
responsible for
emergency crisis
X X O X X O
See chapter 2
AA_1C
Informing nearby
municipalities of the
event in case of
needing support in
resources
X X
Information related to
nearby municipalities such
as telephone,fax
AA_1D
Issuing flood warnings
to exposed people,
critical facilities and all
involved agencies
O X O O O O O O O
General Map Scenario 1
and Scenario 2 (no. 1-4)
AA_1E
Issuing the evacuation
procedure
O X O O O O O O O
Evacuation Maps Scenario
1 and scenario 2 (no. 18 &
19)

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Page | 31
5.2 Improve communication between different agencies
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
AA_2
Improve communication between
different agencies XO XO X XO X XO O O XO
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Media
Church
Volunteers
Resource and capacity needed
AA_2A
Coordinate volunteer
groups
X X X O O O X
Location of Crisis management
centers, churches, gathering
points, evacuation maps and
shelters (Maps no. 1-4, 18 & 19)
AA_2B
Check internal
resources
O X X X X O
Consider chapter 2.3 & 2.4
AA_2C
Establishing information
points in the city
O O X
Gadering points based on
evacuation Maps Scenario 1 and
scenario 2 gathering points, Police
offices in General Maps
(Maps no. 1-4, 18 & 19)
AA_2D
Situation analysis,
comparing situation
with scenarios
X X
General Map Scenario 1 and
Scenario 2 (no. 1- 4)

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Page | 32
5.3 Prepare operation site
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
AA_3
prepare operation site in the west and
east part
X XO XO XO XO O XO
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Church
Volunteers
needed
AA_3A
Provide assistance to disabled
and elder people present in the
street or ground floor to move
to higher floor or evecuate
X O O
Map that show the elder
population and evacuation
maps, census databases
AA_3B
Prepare operation site in the
west (particular)
X X O X O
General Map Scenario 1 and
Scenario 2
AA_3C
Preparing road blocks and
distribute them in given
locations
O O X O O
Road block Maps Scenario 1
and scenario 2
AA_3D
Control the traffic, manage the
people and cars on the streets
O O X O O
Map with road usability,
location of road blockade and
address, also alternative roads
AA_3E
Put sandbags nera the bridges,
close the bridges
O
X O X
Location of sandbages from
map, Water level elevation and
velocity from General Map
Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 and
Water velocity Maps
AA_3F
Put warning signs in critical
locations
X O
Water level elevation and
velocity from General Map
Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 and
Water velocity Maps
AA_3G
Clear the path for emergency
transportations (medical units,
critical facilities units)
X X O
AA_3H
Control the evacuation of the
people and critical facilities
X X O O
AA_3I
Close the entrance of the
parkings
O X O
Location of public parkings and
shopping centeres parkings
AA_3J Prepare shelter areas X X X O O O
Location of shelters and
evacuation maps
AA_3K
Provide ambulances for rescue
actions
O X O
Location of dead and injured
people,location of hospital and
medical centeres

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 33
5.4 Prevent any possible systemic damages
Code Actions
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
AA_4 Prevent any possible systemic damages X X XO O
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
AA_4A
Make sure the servicability condition
of infrastructures and lifelines
X O O
General Maps location of infrastructures,
Location of lifelines, and possible problem.
Assuming the lifelines are located under the
road
AA_4B
Prevent possible Na-Tech induced
hazard
X X X O
Location of industries, General Maps for
water exention area

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 34
6. Emergency
6.1 Life-saving trought search and rescue
Code
Action
Responsible: X Support: O
EA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
EA_1 Life-saving trought search and rescue XO XO X X
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Medical
Centers
Police
EA_1A
To provide treatment,
stabilisation and care of those
injured in-site and in the
shelters
X X
To provide sufficient ambulance, medical
staff and equipment. To provide mobile
medical surgical teams.
See maps: Injured and death people and
location of the shelters.
EA_1B
To provide emergency care
including feeding,
accommodiation and welfare
for those who have been
evacuated from their homes or
those affected but remaining in
their homes
X X
For those who have been evacuated, refer to
the location of the shelter.
rendering and monitoring humanitarian
service (e.g. Foods, shelters, medicine etc)
EA_1C
Provosion of special equipment
e.g. pump, to move heavy
objects etc
X X
Indicate the locations of the cultural
heritage, or any other special rescue e.g.
trapped in the building.
EA_1D
To avoid conjunction in the
hospitals
O X
To nominate and alert receiving hospitals to
determine the priority of those injured in-site
and during receiving in the hospitals
location of the shelters and location of the
hospitals
EA_1E
To identify the injured and
dead
O X X
location of the shelters.
EA_1F
To identify the damage of
buildings and stay away or
evacuating people from any
possible collapse of the
buildings
O X See maps: the level of damage of buildings
EA_1G
To prevent possible crime
(banks)
X
To monitor banks, cultural heritage and
building with wall glasses and to secure the
shelters

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 35
6.2 To coordinate, to check and to optimize communication
Code
Actions
EA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
EA_2
To coordinate, to check and to optimize
communication among authorities
incharged
XO X X X X X X X O
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Private
Sectors
Media
needed
EA_2A
To ensure access for all
emergency services e.g.
public facilities are used
as temporary shelter.
X X
To check the condition of
the facilities and
resources reffering to the
general maps of
innundations.
EA_2B
Reporting the status of
the event to authorities
incharge in Head Quarter
(one line)
X X X X X X
Of each authorities tries
to report the status of
their responsibilities and
defining problem every 5
hours or in any possible
critical situation to the
Emergency Center.
EA_2C
Have supervision of
water inflow in order to
check the threshold of
the phases and know the
ending time of inflow
(survey)
X
Considering the strategic
location, the result from
the observation can be
used to update the status
of the event and
reporting to Emergency
Center.
EA_2D
To update the status to
residents
O X O
By receiving the update
from each authorities and
discussion with expert,
the Mayor would inform
officially in press
conference.

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Page | 36
6.3 Temporary measures
Code
Actions
EA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
EA_3
Temporary measures due to
development of situation
XO XO X O X
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Private
Sectors
EA_3A
Road blockade (Restriction)
to avoid people enter to
danger area due to possibility
to have large extension of the
flood
O O X
More personels and road blockage signs to put
in place reffered to the maps: Road Blockage.
Working together with fire brigade to check
the extension of the flood.
EA_3B
Elevate the sand bags (on
request)
X See the location of the sand bag in the map.
EA_3C
Secure the service of lifelines
to ensure continuity of supply
and repair services which are
disrupted
X X
To monitor the lifelines that are being
inundated as shown in the inundation maps.
To provide back-up of electricity if it is needed
EA_3D
To provide or obtain
specialist and assitance
where hazardous materials
are involveld (possible na-
tech)
X X
Contact the special team to assess the possible
damage that may involve danger substance.
See the inundation map showing the location
of the industrial area.

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Page | 37
6.4 To prevent possible crime
Code
Actions
EA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
EA_4 To prevent possible crime X
Police
EA_4A
To monitor banks, cultural heritage and building with wall
glasses and to secure the shelters.
X
See the location of the important buildings and
also building with wall glasses.

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 38
7. Recovery
7.1 Post-event damage analysis
Code
Actions
RA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_1 Post-event damage analysis O X X X X X X O
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
PrivateSectors
Church
Volunteers
needed
RA_1A
evaluation of early
warning system
O X X X
Location of bridges,
location of obsevation
points, improved early
warning sys function and
position
RA_1B
Collecting the real
damage information
(buildings, people) from
different authorities
O X X X X X O
Compare with the results of
the damage assessements

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Page | 39
7.2 Works related to recovery
Code
Actions
RA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_2 Works related to recovery XO XO O XO O
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
PrivateSectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_2A
Try to clean the road,
gather support to
fastening the process
O O X O
Map with road usability, location of
road blockade and address, also
alternative roads, New traffic plan
RA_2B
Repair the damage
related to the
infrastructure and lifeline,
aid and support
X X X O
General Maps location of
infrastructures, Location of lifelines, and
possible problem. Assuming the lifelines
are located under the road
RA_2C
Pumping flood water out
of town X O O
Location of flooded area, location of
bridges,levees
RA_2d
Treating water from
contamination O X
Location of affected water resourse
area, Location of infrastructures

BACK TO: Contents
Page | 40
7.3 Update information about the development of condition
Code
Actions
RA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_3 Provide information about the
development of condition
X O
Mayor
Research
Center
PrivateSectors Resource and capacity needed
RA_3A Update the condition (perss
conference)
X O
Flow chart of chain of communication flow with
alternative way of communication:
Telephone,cellphone, media, and radios.
7.4 To prevent long term damage
Code
Actions
RA_x
Mayor
HeadQuarter
Research
Center
FireBrigade
Police
Medical
Centers
Schools
Media
Private
Sectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_4 To prevent long term damage
(people)
X O O O
Medical
Centers
PrivateSectors
Church
Volunteers
RA_4A
Providing and psychological
medical service for affected
people
X O O O
Number of affected people, shelters location, medical
resources,

Development of a complete flood emergency plan for the city of Sondrio (Alpine region, Italy)

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