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1
C++ How to Program 10th by Deitel
Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how-to-program-10th-
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Introduction to Computers
and C++
O bje ctive s
In this chapter you’ll learn:
■ Exciting recent developments
in the computer field.
■ Computer hardware, soft-
ware and networking basics.
■ The data hierarchy.
■ The different types of
programming languages.
■ Basic object-technology
concepts.
■ Some basics of the Internet
and the World Wide Web.
■ A typical C++ program
development environment.
■ To test-drive a C++
application.
■ Some key recent software
technologies.
■ How computers can help you
make a difference.
2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3
Self-Review Exercises
1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called .
ANS: programs.
b) The key logical units of the computer are the , , , ,
and .
ANS: input unit, output unit, memoryunit, central processing unit, arithmetic and logic
unit, secondary storage unit.
c) The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are , and
.
ANS: machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages.
d) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are
called .
ANS: compilers.
e) is an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and Java.
ANS: Android.
f) software is generally feature complete and (supposedly) bug free and ready for
use by the community.
ANS: Release candidate.
g) The Wii Remote, as well as many smartphones, uses a(n) which allows the de-
vice to respond to motion.
ANS: accelerometer.
1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C++ environment.
a) C++ programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program.
ANS: editor.
b) In a C++ system, a(n) program executes before the compiler’s translation
phase begins.
ANS: preprocessor.
c) The program combines the output of the compiler with various library func-
tions to produce an executable program.
ANS: linker.
d) The program transfers the executable programfrom disk to memory.
ANS: loader.
1.3 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.8):
a) Objects have the property of —although objects may know how to commu-
nicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to
know how other objects are implemented.
ANS: information hiding.
b) C++ programmers concentrate on creating , which contain data members and
the member functions that manipulate those data members and provide services to clients.
ANS: classes.
c) The process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view
is called .
ANS: object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD).
d) With , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing
classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own.
ANS: inheritance.
3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3
e) is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use
an industry-standard notation to represent them.
ANS: The Unified Modeling Language (UML).
f) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered of the object’s class.
ANS: attributes.
Exercises
1.4 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer
for use by the computer is the .
ANS: input unit.
b) The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called .
ANS: computer programming.
c) is a type of computer language that uses English-like abbreviations for ma-
chine-language instructions.
ANS: Assembly language.
d) is a logical unit of the computer that sends information which has already
been processed by the computer to various devices so that it may be used outside the
computer.
ANS: The output unit.
e) and are logical units of the computer that retain information.
ANS: The memory unit, the secondary storage unit.
f) is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations.
ANS: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
g) is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions.
ANS: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).
h) languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs
quickly and easily.
ANS: High-level.
i) The onlylanguage a computer can directly understand is that computer’s .
ANS: machine language.
j) is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all the other
logical units.
ANS: The central processing unit (CPU).
1.5 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX op-
erating system.
ANS: C.
b) The programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early
1980s at Bell Laboratories.
ANS: C++.
1.6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) C++ programs normally go through six phases— , , ,
, and .
ANS: edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, execute
b) A(n) provides many tools that support the software development process,
such as editors for writing and editing programs, debuggers for locating logic errors in
programs, and manyother features.
ANS: integrated development environment (IDE).
4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3
1.7 You’re probably wearing on your wrist one of the world’s most common types of objects—
a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a watch:
object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for example, an alarm clock), modeling,
messages, encapsulation, interface and information hiding.
ANS: The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (such as the
moving parts, the band, the face, etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band, style
(digital or analog), etc. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time and get-
ting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm
clock). With that in mind, it is possible that a class called Clock could exist from
which other classes such as watch and alarm clock could inherit the basic features in
the clock. The watch is an abstraction of the mechanics needed to keep track of the
time. The user of the watch does not need to know the mechanics of the watch in
order to use it; the user only needs to know that the watch keeps the proper time. In
this sense, the mechanics of the watch are encapsulated (hidden) inside the watch.
The interface to the watch (its face and controls for setting the time) allows the user
to set and get the time. The user is not allowed to directly touch the internal mechan-
ics of the watch. All interaction with the internal mechanics is controlled by the in-
terface to the watch. The data members stored in the watch are hidden inside the
watch and the member functions (looking at the face to get the time and setting the
time) provide the interface to the data.
Making a Difference
Throughout the book we’ve included Making a Difference exercises in which you’ll be asked to
work on problems that really matter to individuals, communities, countries and the world.
1.8 (Test Drive: Carbon Footprint Calculator) Some scientists believe that carbon emissions,
especially from the burning of fossil fuels, contribute significantly to global warming and that this
can be combatted if individuals take steps to limit their use of carbon-based fuels. Various organi-
zations and individuals are increasingly concerned about their “carbon footprints.” Websites such
as TerraPass
http://www.terrapass.com/carbon-footprint-calculator-2/
and Carbon Footprint
http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
provide carbon footprint calculators. Test drive these calculators to determine your carbon foot-
print. Exercises in later chapters will ask you to program your own carbon footprint calculator. To
prepare for this, research the formulas for calculating carbon footprints.
1.9 (Test Drive: Body Mass Index Calculator) By recent estimates, two-thirds of the people in
the United States are overweight and about halfof those are obese. This causes significant increases
in illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. To determine whether a person is overweight or obese,
you can use a measure called the body mass index (BMI). The United States Department of Health
and Human Services provides a BMI calculator at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/
obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm. Use it to calculate your own BMI. An exercise in Chapter 2 will ask you
to program your own BMIcalculator. To prepare for this, research the formulas for calculating BMI.
1.10 (Attributes of Hybrid Vehicles) In this chapter you learned the basics of classes. Now you’ll
begin “fleshing out” aspects of a class called “Hybrid Vehicle.” Hybrid vehicles are becoming increas-
inglypopular, because they often get much better mileage than purely gasoline-powered vehicles.
Browse the web and study the features of four or five of today’s popular hybrid cars, then list as many
Making a Difference 5
5 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++
of their hybrid-related attributes as you can. For example, common attributes include city-miles-per-
gallon and highway-miles-per-gallon. Also list the attributes of the batteries (type, weight, etc.).
• Manufacturer
• Type of Hybrid—Battery hybrid (Hybrid Electric Vehicles), Plug-in hybrid, Fuel cell etc.
• Driver feedback system—so the driver can monitor fuel efficiency based on their driving
• Energy recovery—for example, regenerative breaking
• Carbon footprint—tons of CO2 per year
• Fuel capacity
• City-miles-per-gallon
• Highway-miles-per-gallon
• Two-mode hybrid propulsion system
• Engine size—V6, V8, etc.
• Vehicle type—SUV, crossover, compact, mid-size, etc.
• Seating capacity
• Horse power
• Drive train (front wheel drive, all wheel drive)
• Top speed
• Torque
• Price
1.11 (Gender Neutrality) Some people want to eliminate sexism in all forms of communication.
You’ve been asked to create a program that can process a paragraph of text and replace gender-spe-
cific words with gender-neutral ones. Assuming that you’ve been given a list of gender-specific
words and their gender-neutral replacements (e.g., replace “wife” with “spouse,” “man” with “per-
son,” “daughter” with “child” and so on), explain the procedure you’d use to read through a para-
graph of text and manually perform these replacements. How might your procedure generate a
strange term like “woperchild,” which is actually listed in the Urban Dictionary (www.urbandic-
tionary.com)? In Chapter 4, you’ll learn that a more formal term for “procedure” is “algorithm,”
and that an algorithm specifies the steps to be performed and the order in which to perform them.
ANS: Search through the entire paragraph for a word such as “wife” and replace every oc-
currence with “spouse.” Repeat this searching process for every gender specific word
in the list. You could accidentally get a word like “woperchild” if you are not careful
about how you perform replacements. For example, the word “man” can be part of
a larger word, like “woman.” So, replacing every occurrence of “man” can yield
strange results. Consider the process of replacing “man” with “person” then replacing
“son” with “child.” If you encounter the word “woman,” which contains the word
“man,” you’d replace “man” with “person” resulting in the word “woperson.” In a
subsequent pass you’d encounter “woperson” and replace “son” with “child” result-
ing in the “woperchild.”
1.12 (Privacy) Some online e-mail services save all e-mail correspondence for some period of
time. Suppose a disgruntled employee of one of these online e-mail services were to post all of the
e-mail correspondences for millions of people, including yours, on the Internet. Discuss the issues.
1.13 (Programmer Responsibility and Liability) As a programmer in industry, you may develop
software that could affect people’s health or even their lives. Suppose a software bug in one of your
programs were to cause a cancer patient to receive an excessive dose during radiation therapy and
that the person either was severely injured or died. Discuss the issues.
Making a Difference 5
6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++
1.14 (2010 “Flash Crash”) An example of the consequences of our dependency on computers
was the so-called “flash crash” which occurred on May 6, 2010, when the U.S. stock market fell pre-
cipitously in a matter of minutes, wiping out trillions of dollars of investments, and then recovered
within minutes. Use the Internet to investigate the causes of this crash and discuss the issues it raises.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
AUNT 'LIZA'S HERO AND OTHER STORIES.
A collection of six bright little stories, which will appeal to all boys
and most girls.
BIG BROTHER.
A story of two boys. The devotion and care of Steven, himself a
small boy, for his baby brother, is the theme of the simple tale.
OLE MAMMY'S TORMENT.
"Ole Mammy's Torment" has been fitly called "a classic of
Southern life." It relates the haps and mishaps of a small negro lad,
and tells how he was led by love and kindness to a knowledge of the
right.
THE STORY OF DAGO.
In this story Mrs. Johnston relates the story of Dago, a pet
monkey, owned jointly by two brothers. Dago tells his own story, and
the account of his haps and mishaps is both interesting and
amusing.
THE QUILT THAT JACK BUILT.
A pleasant little story of a boy's labor of love, and how it changed
the course of his life many years after it was accomplished.
FLIP'S ISLANDS OF PROVIDENCE.
A story of a boy's life battle, his early defeat, and his final
triumph, well worth the reading.
Transcriber's Notes:
Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
Advertising pages, page 14, "f" changed to "of"
(classic of Southern life)
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    1 C++ How toProgram 10th by Deitel Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how-to-program-10th- by-deitel/ Introduction to Computers and C++ O bje ctive s In this chapter you’ll learn: ■ Exciting recent developments in the computer field. ■ Computer hardware, soft- ware and networking basics. ■ The data hierarchy. ■ The different types of programming languages. ■ Basic object-technology concepts. ■ Some basics of the Internet and the World Wide Web. ■ A typical C++ program development environment. ■ To test-drive a C++ application. ■ Some key recent software technologies. ■ How computers can help you make a difference.
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    2 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3 Self-Review Exercises 1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called . ANS: programs. b) The key logical units of the computer are the , , , , and . ANS: input unit, output unit, memoryunit, central processing unit, arithmetic and logic unit, secondary storage unit. c) The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are , and . ANS: machine languages, assembly languages, high-level languages. d) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called . ANS: compilers. e) is an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and Java. ANS: Android. f) software is generally feature complete and (supposedly) bug free and ready for use by the community. ANS: Release candidate. g) The Wii Remote, as well as many smartphones, uses a(n) which allows the de- vice to respond to motion. ANS: accelerometer. 1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C++ environment. a) C++ programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program. ANS: editor. b) In a C++ system, a(n) program executes before the compiler’s translation phase begins. ANS: preprocessor. c) The program combines the output of the compiler with various library func- tions to produce an executable program. ANS: linker. d) The program transfers the executable programfrom disk to memory. ANS: loader. 1.3 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.8): a) Objects have the property of —although objects may know how to commu- nicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented. ANS: information hiding. b) C++ programmers concentrate on creating , which contain data members and the member functions that manipulate those data members and provide services to clients. ANS: classes. c) The process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view is called . ANS: object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). d) With , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own. ANS: inheritance.
  • 7.
    3 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3 e) is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use an industry-standard notation to represent them. ANS: The Unified Modeling Language (UML). f) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered of the object’s class. ANS: attributes. Exercises 1.4 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is the . ANS: input unit. b) The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called . ANS: computer programming. c) is a type of computer language that uses English-like abbreviations for ma- chine-language instructions. ANS: Assembly language. d) is a logical unit of the computer that sends information which has already been processed by the computer to various devices so that it may be used outside the computer. ANS: The output unit. e) and are logical units of the computer that retain information. ANS: The memory unit, the secondary storage unit. f) is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations. ANS: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). g) is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions. ANS: The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). h) languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily. ANS: High-level. i) The onlylanguage a computer can directly understand is that computer’s . ANS: machine language. j) is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all the other logical units. ANS: The central processing unit (CPU). 1.5 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX op- erating system. ANS: C. b) The programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories. ANS: C++. 1.6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) C++ programs normally go through six phases— , , , , and . ANS: edit, preprocess, compile, link, load, execute b) A(n) provides many tools that support the software development process, such as editors for writing and editing programs, debuggers for locating logic errors in programs, and manyother features. ANS: integrated development environment (IDE).
  • 8.
    4 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers and C++ Exercises 3 1.7 You’re probably wearing on your wrist one of the world’s most common types of objects— a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a watch: object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for example, an alarm clock), modeling, messages, encapsulation, interface and information hiding. ANS: The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (such as the moving parts, the band, the face, etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band, style (digital or analog), etc. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time and get- ting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm clock). With that in mind, it is possible that a class called Clock could exist from which other classes such as watch and alarm clock could inherit the basic features in the clock. The watch is an abstraction of the mechanics needed to keep track of the time. The user of the watch does not need to know the mechanics of the watch in order to use it; the user only needs to know that the watch keeps the proper time. In this sense, the mechanics of the watch are encapsulated (hidden) inside the watch. The interface to the watch (its face and controls for setting the time) allows the user to set and get the time. The user is not allowed to directly touch the internal mechan- ics of the watch. All interaction with the internal mechanics is controlled by the in- terface to the watch. The data members stored in the watch are hidden inside the watch and the member functions (looking at the face to get the time and setting the time) provide the interface to the data. Making a Difference Throughout the book we’ve included Making a Difference exercises in which you’ll be asked to work on problems that really matter to individuals, communities, countries and the world. 1.8 (Test Drive: Carbon Footprint Calculator) Some scientists believe that carbon emissions, especially from the burning of fossil fuels, contribute significantly to global warming and that this can be combatted if individuals take steps to limit their use of carbon-based fuels. Various organi- zations and individuals are increasingly concerned about their “carbon footprints.” Websites such as TerraPass http://www.terrapass.com/carbon-footprint-calculator-2/ and Carbon Footprint http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx provide carbon footprint calculators. Test drive these calculators to determine your carbon foot- print. Exercises in later chapters will ask you to program your own carbon footprint calculator. To prepare for this, research the formulas for calculating carbon footprints. 1.9 (Test Drive: Body Mass Index Calculator) By recent estimates, two-thirds of the people in the United States are overweight and about halfof those are obese. This causes significant increases in illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. To determine whether a person is overweight or obese, you can use a measure called the body mass index (BMI). The United States Department of Health and Human Services provides a BMI calculator at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm. Use it to calculate your own BMI. An exercise in Chapter 2 will ask you to program your own BMIcalculator. To prepare for this, research the formulas for calculating BMI. 1.10 (Attributes of Hybrid Vehicles) In this chapter you learned the basics of classes. Now you’ll begin “fleshing out” aspects of a class called “Hybrid Vehicle.” Hybrid vehicles are becoming increas- inglypopular, because they often get much better mileage than purely gasoline-powered vehicles. Browse the web and study the features of four or five of today’s popular hybrid cars, then list as many
  • 9.
    Making a Difference5 5 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ of their hybrid-related attributes as you can. For example, common attributes include city-miles-per- gallon and highway-miles-per-gallon. Also list the attributes of the batteries (type, weight, etc.). • Manufacturer • Type of Hybrid—Battery hybrid (Hybrid Electric Vehicles), Plug-in hybrid, Fuel cell etc. • Driver feedback system—so the driver can monitor fuel efficiency based on their driving • Energy recovery—for example, regenerative breaking • Carbon footprint—tons of CO2 per year • Fuel capacity • City-miles-per-gallon • Highway-miles-per-gallon • Two-mode hybrid propulsion system • Engine size—V6, V8, etc. • Vehicle type—SUV, crossover, compact, mid-size, etc. • Seating capacity • Horse power • Drive train (front wheel drive, all wheel drive) • Top speed • Torque • Price 1.11 (Gender Neutrality) Some people want to eliminate sexism in all forms of communication. You’ve been asked to create a program that can process a paragraph of text and replace gender-spe- cific words with gender-neutral ones. Assuming that you’ve been given a list of gender-specific words and their gender-neutral replacements (e.g., replace “wife” with “spouse,” “man” with “per- son,” “daughter” with “child” and so on), explain the procedure you’d use to read through a para- graph of text and manually perform these replacements. How might your procedure generate a strange term like “woperchild,” which is actually listed in the Urban Dictionary (www.urbandic- tionary.com)? In Chapter 4, you’ll learn that a more formal term for “procedure” is “algorithm,” and that an algorithm specifies the steps to be performed and the order in which to perform them. ANS: Search through the entire paragraph for a word such as “wife” and replace every oc- currence with “spouse.” Repeat this searching process for every gender specific word in the list. You could accidentally get a word like “woperchild” if you are not careful about how you perform replacements. For example, the word “man” can be part of a larger word, like “woman.” So, replacing every occurrence of “man” can yield strange results. Consider the process of replacing “man” with “person” then replacing “son” with “child.” If you encounter the word “woman,” which contains the word “man,” you’d replace “man” with “person” resulting in the word “woperson.” In a subsequent pass you’d encounter “woperson” and replace “son” with “child” result- ing in the “woperchild.” 1.12 (Privacy) Some online e-mail services save all e-mail correspondence for some period of time. Suppose a disgruntled employee of one of these online e-mail services were to post all of the e-mail correspondences for millions of people, including yours, on the Internet. Discuss the issues. 1.13 (Programmer Responsibility and Liability) As a programmer in industry, you may develop software that could affect people’s health or even their lives. Suppose a software bug in one of your programs were to cause a cancer patient to receive an excessive dose during radiation therapy and that the person either was severely injured or died. Discuss the issues.
  • 10.
    Making a Difference5 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and C++ 1.14 (2010 “Flash Crash”) An example of the consequences of our dependency on computers was the so-called “flash crash” which occurred on May 6, 2010, when the U.S. stock market fell pre- cipitously in a matter of minutes, wiping out trillions of dollars of investments, and then recovered within minutes. Use the Internet to investigate the causes of this crash and discuss the issues it raises.
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