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2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3
[***Instructor’s Manual***]
Self-Review Exercises
1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following:
a) Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called computer
.
ANS: programs.
b) is a type of computer language that uses Englishlike abbreviations for ma-
chine-language instructions.
ANS: Assembly language.
c) languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs
quickly and easily.
ANS: High-level.
d) The onlylanguage a computer can directly understand is that computer’s .
ANS: machine language.
e) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are
called .
ANS: compilers.
f) With development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in de-
veloping, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that soft-
ware for their own purposes, typically at no charge.
ANS: open-source.
g) C is widely known as the development language of the operating system.
ANS: UNIX
1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C environment.
a) C programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program.
ANS: editor.
b) In a C system, a(n) program automatically executes before the translation
phase begins.
ANS: preprocessor.
c) The two most common kinds of preprocessor directives are and .
ANS: including other files in the file to be compiled, performing various text replacements.
d) The programcombines the output of the compiler with various library func-
tions to produce an executable image.
ANS: linker.
e) The program transfers the executable image from disk to memory.
ANS: loader.
1.3 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.9):
a) Objects have the property of —although objects may know how to commu-
nicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to
know how other objects are implemented.
ANS: information hiding.
b) In object-oriented programming languages, we create to house the set of
methods that perform tasks.
ANS: classes.
c) With , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing
classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own.
ANS: inheritance.
3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3
d) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered of the object’s
class.
ANS: attributes.
Solutions
1.4 Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:
a) CPU
ANS: Hardware.
b) C++ compiler
ANS: Software.
c) ALU
ANS: Hardware.
d) C++ preprocessor
ANS: Software.
e) input unit
ANS: Hardware.
f) an editor program
ANS: Software.
1.5 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) The process of instructing the computer to solve a problemis called .
ANS: computer programming.
b) What type of computer language uses Englishlike abbreviations for machine-language
instructions? .
ANS: assembly language.
c) The level of computer language at which it’s most convenient to write programs quickly
and easily is .
ANS: high-level language.
d) The only language that a computer directly understands is called that computer's
.
ANS: machine language.
e) Web 2.0 embraces an —a design that encourages user interaction and com-
munity contributions.
ANS: architecture of participation.
1.6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements:
a) is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the
functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices and for many
other purposes.
ANS: Java.
b) initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX op-
erating system.
ANS: C.
c) The programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early
1980s at Bell Laboratories.
ANS: C++.
1.7 Discuss the meaning of each of the following names:
a) stdin
ANS: stdin (the standard input stream), which is normally the keyboard, but stdin can be
connected to another stream.
4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3
b) stdout
ANS: Data is often output to stdout (the standard output stream), which is normally the
computer screen, but stdout can be connected to another stream.
c) stderr
ANS: The standard error stream is referred to as stderr. The stderr stream (normally con-
nected to the screen) is used for displaying error messages. It’s common to route reg-
ular output data, i.e., stdout, to a device other than the screen while keeping stderr
assigned to the screen so that the user can be immediately informed of errors.
1.8 Why is so much attention todayfocused on object-oriented programming?
ANS:
1.9 (Internet in Industry and Research) Figure 1.1 provides examples of how computers and
the Internet are being used in industry and research. Find three additional examples and describe
how each is using the Internet and the web.
ANS: Answers will vary.
1.10 (Cloud Computing) Describe three benefits of the cloud computing model.
ANS: Answers will vary. Information is accessed via the Internet and available on de-
mand—rather than having it stored on your personal computer. Cloud storage or
processing services are generally more cost effective, allowing you to increase or de-
crease resources to meet your needs at anygiven time, rather than purchasing expen-
sive hardware to ensure that you have enough storage and processing power to meet
your needs at their peak levels. Software offered as a service in the cloud allows busi-
nesses to easily manage customer information and access it from their computers or
mobiles devices. These applications are often less expensive and shift the burden of
managing the applications from the business to the service provider, saving businesses
additional money. Another benefit of using software in the cloud is that it ensures
everyone within the business is working on the same version of the software at all
times.
1.11 (Internet Negatives) Besides their numerous benefits, the Internet and the web have several
downsides, such as privacy issues, identity theft, SPAM and malware. Research some of the negative
aspects of the Internet. List five problems and describe what could possibly be done to help solve
each.
ANS: Answers will vary.
1.12 (Watch as an Object) You are probablywearing on your wrist one of the most common
types of objects—a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the no-
tion of a watch: object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for example, an alarm
clock), messages, encapsulation and information hiding.
ANS: The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (such as the
moving parts, the band, the face, etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band, style
(digital or analog), etc. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time and get-
ting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm
clock). With that in mind, it is possible that a class called Clock could exist from
which other classes such as watch and alarm clock could inherit the basic features in
the clock. The watch is an abstraction of the mechanics needed to keep track of the
time. The user of the watch does not need to know the mechanics of the watch in
order to use it; the user onlyneeds to know that the watch keeps the proper time. In
this sense, the mechanics of the watch are encapsulated (hidden) inside the watch.
The interface to the watch (its face and controls for setting the time) allows the user
to set and get the time. The user is not allowed to directly touch the internal mechan-
ics of the watch. All interaction with the internal mechanics is controlled by the in-
Making a Difference Exercises 5
5 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web
terface to the watch. The data members stored in the watch are hidden inside the
watch and the member functions (looking at the face to get the time and setting the
time) provide the interface to the data.
Making a Difference Exercises
1.13 (Test-Drive: Carbon Footprint Calculator) Some scientists believe that carbon emissions,
especially from the burning of fossil fuels, contribute significantly to global warming and that this
can be combatted if individuals take steps to limit their use of carbon-based fuels. Organizations and
individuals are increasingly concerned about their “carbon footprints.” Websites such as TerraPass
www.terrapass.com/carbon-footprint-calculator/
and Carbon Footprint
www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
provide carbon footprint calculators. Test-drive these calculators to estimate your carbon footprint.
Exercises in later chapters will ask you to program your own carbon footprint calculator. To pre-
pare for this, use the web to research the formulas for calculating carbon footprints.
1.14 (Test-Drive: Body Mass Index Calculator) By recent estimates, two-thirds of the people in
the United States are overweight and about half of those are obese. This causes significant increases
in illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. To determine whether a person is overweight or obese,
you can use a measure called the bodymass index (BMI). The United States Department of Health
and Human Services provides a BMI calculator at www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/. Use it to calculate
your own BMI. An exercise in Chapter 2 will ask you to program your own BMIcalculator. To pre-
pare for this, use the web to research the formulas for calculating BMI.
1.15 (Gender Neutrality) Manypeople want to eliminate sexism in all forms of communication.
You’ve been asked to create a program that can process a paragraph of text and replace gender-spe-
cific words with gender-neutral ones. Assuming that you’ve been given a list of gender-specific
words and their gender-neutral replacements (e.g., replace “wife” with “spouse,” “man” with “per-
son,” “daughter” with “child” and so on), explain the procedure you’d use to read through a para-
graph of text and manually perform these replacements. How might your procedure generate a
strange term like “woperchild?” In Chapter 4, you’ll learn that a more formal term for “procedure”
is “algorithm,” and that an algorithm specifies the steps to be performed and the order in which to
perform them.
1.16 (Privacy) Some online e-mail services save all e-mail correspondence for some period of
time. Suppose a disgruntled employee were to post all of the e-mail correspondences for millions of
people, including yours, on the Internet. Discuss the issues.
1.17 (Programmer Responsibility and Liability) As a programmer in industry, you may develop
software that could affect people’s health or even their lives. Suppose a software bug in one of your
programs causes a cancer patient to receive an excessive dose during radiation therapy and that the
person is severely injured or dies. Discuss the issues.
1.18 (2010 “Flash Crash”) An example of the consequences of our excessive dependence on
computers was the so-called “flash crash” which occurred on May 6, 2010, when the U.S. stock mar-
ket fell precipitously in a matter of minutes, wiping out trillions of dollars of investments, and then
recovered within minutes. Research online the causes of this crash and discuss the issues it raises.
1.19 (Making a Difference Projects) The following is a list of just a few worldwide organizations
that are working to make a difference. Visit these sites and our Making a Difference Resource Center
at www.deitel.com/makingadifference. Prepare a top 10 list of programming projects that you
think could indeed “make a difference.”
Making a Difference Exercises 5
6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web
• www.imaginecup.com/
The Microsoft Image Cup is a global competition in which students use technology to tryto solve
some of the world’s most difficult problems, such as environmental sustainability, ending hun-
ger, emergency response, literacy and combating HIV/AIDS. Visit www.imaginecup.com for
more information about the competition and to learn about the projects developed by previous
winners. You can also find several project ideas submitted by worldwide charitable organizations.
For additional ideas for programming projects that can make a difference, search the web for
“making a difference” and visit the following websites:
• www.un.org/millenniumgoals
The United Nations Millennium Project seeks solutions to major worldwide issues such as envi-
ronmental sustainability, gender equality, child and maternal health, universal education and
more.
• www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/
The IBM® Smarter Planet website discusses how IBM is using technology to solve issues related
to business, cloud computing, education, sustainability and more.
• www.gatesfoundation.org/Pages/home.aspx
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation provides grants to organizations that work to alleviate
hunger, poverty and disease in developing countries. In the United States, the foundation focuss-
es on improving public education, particularly for people with few resources.
• www.nethope.org/
NetHope is a collaboration of humanitarian organizations worldwide working to solve technol-
ogy problems such as connectivity, emergency response and more.
• www.rainforestfoundation.org/home
The Rainforest Foundation works to preserve rainforests and to protect the rights of the indige-
nous people who call the rainforests home. The site includes a list of things you can do to help.
• www.undp.org/
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) seeks solutions to global challenges
such as crisis prevention and recovery, energy and the environment and democratic governance.
• www.unido.org
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) seeks to reduce poverty,
give developing countries the opportunity to participate in global trade, and promote energy ef-
ficiency and sustainability.
• www.usaid.gov/
USAID promotes global democracy, health, economic growth, conflict prevention, humanitari-
an aid and more.
• www.toyota.com/ideas-for-good/
Toyota’s Ideas for Good website describes several Toyota technologies that are makinga differ-
ence—including their Advanced Parking Guidance System, Hybrid Synergy Drive®, Solar Pow-
ered Ventilation System, T.H.U.M.S. (Total Human Model for Safety) and Touch Tracer
Display. You can participate in the Ideas for Good challenge by submitting a short essay or video
describing how these technologies can be used for other good purposes.
ANS: Answers will vary.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
Colombe, l'amour et l'esprit
Qui engendrâtes Jésus-Christ,
Comme vous j'aime une Marie.
Qu'avec elle je me marie.
LE PAON.
En faisant la roue, cet oiseau,
Dont le pennage traîne à terre,
Apparaît encore plus beau,
Mais se découvre le derrière.
LE HIBOU.
Mon pauvre cœur est un hibou
Qu'on cloue, qu'on décloue, qu'on recloue.
De sang, d'ardeur, il est à bout.
Tous ceux qui m'aiment, je les loue.
IBIS.
Oui, j'irai dans l'ombre terreuse
Ô mort certaine, ainsi soit-il!
Latin mortel, parole affreuse,
Ibis, oiseau des bords du Nil.
LE BOEUF.
Ce chérubin dit la louange
Du paradis, où, près des anges,
Nous revivrons, mes chers amis
Quand le bon Dieu l'aura permis.
NOTES.
Admirez le pouvoir insigne
Et la noblesse de la ligne.
Il loue la ligne qui a formé les images, magnifiques ornements de ce divertissement
poétique.
Elle est la voix que la lumière fit entendre
Et dont parle Hermès Trismégiste en son Pimandre.
«Bientôt, lit-on dans le Pimandre, descendirent des ténèbres... et il en sortit un cri
inarticulé qui semblait la voix de la lumière.»
Cette voix de la lumière, n'est-ce pas le dessin» c'est-à-dire la ligne? Et quand la
lumière s'exprime pleinement tout se colore. La peinture est proprement un langage
lumineux.
Du Thrace magique.
Orphée était datif de la Thrace. Ce sublime poète jouait d'une lyre que Mercure lui
avait donnée. Elle était composée d'une carapace de tortue, de cuir collé à l'entour, de
deux branches, d'un chevalet et de cordes faites avec des boyaux de brebis. Mercure
donna également de ces lyres à Apollon et à Amphion. Quand Orphée jouait en
chantant, les animaux sauvages eux-mêmes venaient écouter son cantique. Orphée
inventa toutes les sciences, tous les arts. Fondé dans la magie, il connut l'avenir et
prédit chrétiennement l'avènement du SAUVEUR.
Mes durs rêves formels sauront te chevaucher,
Mon destin au char d'or sera ton beau cocher.
Le premier qui monta Pégase fut Bellérophon quand il alla attaquer la Chimère. Il
existe aujourd'hui bien des chimères, et avant de combattre l'une d'elles, la plus
ennemie de la poésie, il convient de brider Pégase et même de l'atteler. On sait bien ce
que je veux dire.
La hase pleine qui conçoit.
Chez la femelle du lièvre la superfétation est possible.
Avec ses quatre dromadaires,
Don Pedro d'Alfaroubeira
Courut le monde et l'admira.
La célèbre relation de voyage intitulée: Historia del Infante D. Pedro de Portugal, en la
que se refiere lo que le sucedio en le viaje que hizo cuando anduvo las siete partes del
mundo, compuesto por Gomez de Santistevan, uno de los doce que llevo en su
compania el infante, rapporte que l'Infant du Portugal, don Pedro d'Alfaroubeira, se mit
en route avec douze compagnons pour visiter les sept parties du monde. Ces
voyageurs étaient montés sur quatre dromadaires, et après avoir passé en Espagne, ils
allèrent en Norvège et, de là, à Babylone et en Terre-Sainte. Le prince portugais visita
encore les états du prêtre Jean et revint dans son pays au bout de trois ans et quatre
mois.
Et le palais de Rosemonde.
Voici, touchant ce palais, témoignage de l'amour que le roi d'Angleterre éprouvait pour
sa maîtresse, ce couplet d'une complainte dont je ne connais point l'Auteur:
Pour mettre Rosemonde à l'abri de la haine
Que lui portait la reine,
Le roi fit construire un palais
Tel qu'on n'en vit jamais.
Les mouches ganiques qui sont
Les divinités de la neige.
Toutes n'apparaissent pas sous la forme de flocons, mais beaucoup ont été
apprivoisées par les sorciers finnois ou lapons et elles leur obéissent. Les magiciens se
les transmettent de père en fils et les gardent enfermées dans une boîte où elles se
tiennent invisibles, prêtes à s'envoler en essaim pour tourmenter les voleurs, tout en
chantant les paroles magiques, ainsi quelles-mêmes immortelles.
Voici la fine sauterelle,
La nourriture de saint Jean.
«Et erat Joannes vestitus pilis cameli, et zona pellicea, circa lumbos ejus, et locustas,
et mel silvestre edebat.» S. Marc. I, 6.
La femelle de l'alcyon,
L'Amour, les volantes Sirènes
Savent de mortelles chansons
Dangereuses et inhumaines.
Les navigateurs, entendant chanter la femelle de l'alcyon, s'apprêtaient à mourir, sauf
toutefois vers la mi-décembre, où ces oiseaux font leurs nids, et l'on pensait qu'alors la
mer était calme. Quant à l'Amour et quant aux Sirènes, ces oiseaux merveilleux
chantent si harmonieusement que la vie même de celui qui les écoute n'est pas un prix
trop élevé pour payer une telle musique.
Ce chérubin.
On distingue parmi les hiérarchies célestes, vouées au service et à la gloire de la
divinité, des êtres aux formes inconnues et de la plus surprenante beauté. Les
chérubins sont des bœufs ailés, mais aucunement monstrueux.
Quand le bon Dieu l'aura permis.
Ceux qui s'exercent à la poésie ne recherchent et n'aiment rien autre que la perfection
qui est Dieu lui-même. Et cette divine bonté, cette suprême perfection
abandonneraient ceux dont la vie n'a eu pour but que de les découvrir et de les
glorifier? Cela paraît impossible, et, à mon sens, les poètes ont le droit d'espérer après
leur mort le bonheur perdurable que procure l'entière connaissance de Dieu, c'est-à-
dire de la sublime beauté.
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Solution Manual for C How to Program, 7/E 7th Edition Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel

  • 1.
    Download Reliable StudyMaterials and full Test Banks at testbankmall.com Solution Manual for C How to Program, 7/E 7th Edition Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how- to-program-7-e-7th-edition-paul-deitel-harvey-deitel/ OR CLICK HERE DOWLOAD NOW Visit now to discover comprehensive Test Banks for All Subjects at testbankmall.com
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    Instant digital products(PDF, ePub, MOBI) ready for you Download now and discover formats that fit your needs... Start reading on any device today! Solution Manual for C++ How to Program: Late Objects Version, 7/E 7th Edition Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how-to-program- late-objects-version-7-e-7th-edition-paul-deitel-harvey-deitel/ testbankmall.com Solution Manual for C How to Program, 8th Edition, Paul J. Deitel, Harvey Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how-to- program-8th-edition-paul-j-deitel-harvey-deitel/ testbankmall.com Test Bank for C How to Program, 8th Edition, Paul J. Deitel, Harvey Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-c-how-to-program-8th- edition-paul-j-deitel-harvey-deitel-2/ testbankmall.com Solution Manual for C++ How to Program 10th by Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-c-how-to- program-10th-by-deitel/ testbankmall.com
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    C++ How toProgram 10th Edition Deitel Solutions Manual https://testbankmall.com/product/c-how-to-program-10th-edition-deitel- solutions-manual/ testbankmall.com Solution Manual for Visual C# How to Program (6th Edition) (Deitel Series) 6th Edition https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-visual-c-how-to- program-6th-edition-deitel-series-6th-edition/ testbankmall.com Test Bank for Java How To Program (early objects), 9th Edition: Paul Deitel https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-java-how-to-program- early-objects-9th-edition-paul-deitel/ testbankmall.com Solution Manual for Java How to Program, Early Objects (11th Edition) (Deitel: How to Program) 11th Edition https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-java-how-to- program-early-objects-11th-edition-deitel-how-to-program-11th-edition/ testbankmall.com Solution Manual for Intro to Python for Computer Science and Data Science: Learning to Program with AI, Big Data and The Cloud By Paul J. Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel, https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-intro-to-python- for-computer-science-and-data-science-learning-to-program-with-ai-big- data-and-the-cloud-by-paul-j-deitel-harvey-m-deitel/ testbankmall.com
  • 5.
    2 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3 [***Instructor’s Manual***] Self-Review Exercises 1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following: a) Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called computer . ANS: programs. b) is a type of computer language that uses Englishlike abbreviations for ma- chine-language instructions. ANS: Assembly language. c) languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily. ANS: High-level. d) The onlylanguage a computer can directly understand is that computer’s . ANS: machine language. e) The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called . ANS: compilers. f) With development, individuals and companies contribute their efforts in de- veloping, maintaining and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that soft- ware for their own purposes, typically at no charge. ANS: open-source. g) C is widely known as the development language of the operating system. ANS: UNIX 1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C environment. a) C programs are normally typed into a computer using a(n) program. ANS: editor. b) In a C system, a(n) program automatically executes before the translation phase begins. ANS: preprocessor. c) The two most common kinds of preprocessor directives are and . ANS: including other files in the file to be compiled, performing various text replacements. d) The programcombines the output of the compiler with various library func- tions to produce an executable image. ANS: linker. e) The program transfers the executable image from disk to memory. ANS: loader. 1.3 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.9): a) Objects have the property of —although objects may know how to commu- nicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented. ANS: information hiding. b) In object-oriented programming languages, we create to house the set of methods that perform tasks. ANS: classes. c) With , new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own. ANS: inheritance.
  • 6.
    3 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3 d) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered of the object’s class. ANS: attributes. Solutions 1.4 Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software: a) CPU ANS: Hardware. b) C++ compiler ANS: Software. c) ALU ANS: Hardware. d) C++ preprocessor ANS: Software. e) input unit ANS: Hardware. f) an editor program ANS: Software. 1.5 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) The process of instructing the computer to solve a problemis called . ANS: computer programming. b) What type of computer language uses Englishlike abbreviations for machine-language instructions? . ANS: assembly language. c) The level of computer language at which it’s most convenient to write programs quickly and easily is . ANS: high-level language. d) The only language that a computer directly understands is called that computer's . ANS: machine language. e) Web 2.0 embraces an —a design that encourages user interaction and com- munity contributions. ANS: architecture of participation. 1.6 Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices and for many other purposes. ANS: Java. b) initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX op- erating system. ANS: C. c) The programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories. ANS: C++. 1.7 Discuss the meaning of each of the following names: a) stdin ANS: stdin (the standard input stream), which is normally the keyboard, but stdin can be connected to another stream.
  • 7.
    4 Chapter 1Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the WebSolutions 3 b) stdout ANS: Data is often output to stdout (the standard output stream), which is normally the computer screen, but stdout can be connected to another stream. c) stderr ANS: The standard error stream is referred to as stderr. The stderr stream (normally con- nected to the screen) is used for displaying error messages. It’s common to route reg- ular output data, i.e., stdout, to a device other than the screen while keeping stderr assigned to the screen so that the user can be immediately informed of errors. 1.8 Why is so much attention todayfocused on object-oriented programming? ANS: 1.9 (Internet in Industry and Research) Figure 1.1 provides examples of how computers and the Internet are being used in industry and research. Find three additional examples and describe how each is using the Internet and the web. ANS: Answers will vary. 1.10 (Cloud Computing) Describe three benefits of the cloud computing model. ANS: Answers will vary. Information is accessed via the Internet and available on de- mand—rather than having it stored on your personal computer. Cloud storage or processing services are generally more cost effective, allowing you to increase or de- crease resources to meet your needs at anygiven time, rather than purchasing expen- sive hardware to ensure that you have enough storage and processing power to meet your needs at their peak levels. Software offered as a service in the cloud allows busi- nesses to easily manage customer information and access it from their computers or mobiles devices. These applications are often less expensive and shift the burden of managing the applications from the business to the service provider, saving businesses additional money. Another benefit of using software in the cloud is that it ensures everyone within the business is working on the same version of the software at all times. 1.11 (Internet Negatives) Besides their numerous benefits, the Internet and the web have several downsides, such as privacy issues, identity theft, SPAM and malware. Research some of the negative aspects of the Internet. List five problems and describe what could possibly be done to help solve each. ANS: Answers will vary. 1.12 (Watch as an Object) You are probablywearing on your wrist one of the most common types of objects—a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the no- tion of a watch: object, attributes, behaviors, class, inheritance (consider, for example, an alarm clock), messages, encapsulation and information hiding. ANS: The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (such as the moving parts, the band, the face, etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band, style (digital or analog), etc. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time and get- ting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm clock). With that in mind, it is possible that a class called Clock could exist from which other classes such as watch and alarm clock could inherit the basic features in the clock. The watch is an abstraction of the mechanics needed to keep track of the time. The user of the watch does not need to know the mechanics of the watch in order to use it; the user onlyneeds to know that the watch keeps the proper time. In this sense, the mechanics of the watch are encapsulated (hidden) inside the watch. The interface to the watch (its face and controls for setting the time) allows the user to set and get the time. The user is not allowed to directly touch the internal mechan- ics of the watch. All interaction with the internal mechanics is controlled by the in-
  • 8.
    Making a DifferenceExercises 5 5 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web terface to the watch. The data members stored in the watch are hidden inside the watch and the member functions (looking at the face to get the time and setting the time) provide the interface to the data. Making a Difference Exercises 1.13 (Test-Drive: Carbon Footprint Calculator) Some scientists believe that carbon emissions, especially from the burning of fossil fuels, contribute significantly to global warming and that this can be combatted if individuals take steps to limit their use of carbon-based fuels. Organizations and individuals are increasingly concerned about their “carbon footprints.” Websites such as TerraPass www.terrapass.com/carbon-footprint-calculator/ and Carbon Footprint www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx provide carbon footprint calculators. Test-drive these calculators to estimate your carbon footprint. Exercises in later chapters will ask you to program your own carbon footprint calculator. To pre- pare for this, use the web to research the formulas for calculating carbon footprints. 1.14 (Test-Drive: Body Mass Index Calculator) By recent estimates, two-thirds of the people in the United States are overweight and about half of those are obese. This causes significant increases in illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. To determine whether a person is overweight or obese, you can use a measure called the bodymass index (BMI). The United States Department of Health and Human Services provides a BMI calculator at www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/. Use it to calculate your own BMI. An exercise in Chapter 2 will ask you to program your own BMIcalculator. To pre- pare for this, use the web to research the formulas for calculating BMI. 1.15 (Gender Neutrality) Manypeople want to eliminate sexism in all forms of communication. You’ve been asked to create a program that can process a paragraph of text and replace gender-spe- cific words with gender-neutral ones. Assuming that you’ve been given a list of gender-specific words and their gender-neutral replacements (e.g., replace “wife” with “spouse,” “man” with “per- son,” “daughter” with “child” and so on), explain the procedure you’d use to read through a para- graph of text and manually perform these replacements. How might your procedure generate a strange term like “woperchild?” In Chapter 4, you’ll learn that a more formal term for “procedure” is “algorithm,” and that an algorithm specifies the steps to be performed and the order in which to perform them. 1.16 (Privacy) Some online e-mail services save all e-mail correspondence for some period of time. Suppose a disgruntled employee were to post all of the e-mail correspondences for millions of people, including yours, on the Internet. Discuss the issues. 1.17 (Programmer Responsibility and Liability) As a programmer in industry, you may develop software that could affect people’s health or even their lives. Suppose a software bug in one of your programs causes a cancer patient to receive an excessive dose during radiation therapy and that the person is severely injured or dies. Discuss the issues. 1.18 (2010 “Flash Crash”) An example of the consequences of our excessive dependence on computers was the so-called “flash crash” which occurred on May 6, 2010, when the U.S. stock mar- ket fell precipitously in a matter of minutes, wiping out trillions of dollars of investments, and then recovered within minutes. Research online the causes of this crash and discuss the issues it raises. 1.19 (Making a Difference Projects) The following is a list of just a few worldwide organizations that are working to make a difference. Visit these sites and our Making a Difference Resource Center at www.deitel.com/makingadifference. Prepare a top 10 list of programming projects that you think could indeed “make a difference.”
  • 9.
    Making a DifferenceExercises 5 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web • www.imaginecup.com/ The Microsoft Image Cup is a global competition in which students use technology to tryto solve some of the world’s most difficult problems, such as environmental sustainability, ending hun- ger, emergency response, literacy and combating HIV/AIDS. Visit www.imaginecup.com for more information about the competition and to learn about the projects developed by previous winners. You can also find several project ideas submitted by worldwide charitable organizations. For additional ideas for programming projects that can make a difference, search the web for “making a difference” and visit the following websites: • www.un.org/millenniumgoals The United Nations Millennium Project seeks solutions to major worldwide issues such as envi- ronmental sustainability, gender equality, child and maternal health, universal education and more. • www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/ The IBM® Smarter Planet website discusses how IBM is using technology to solve issues related to business, cloud computing, education, sustainability and more. • www.gatesfoundation.org/Pages/home.aspx The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation provides grants to organizations that work to alleviate hunger, poverty and disease in developing countries. In the United States, the foundation focuss- es on improving public education, particularly for people with few resources. • www.nethope.org/ NetHope is a collaboration of humanitarian organizations worldwide working to solve technol- ogy problems such as connectivity, emergency response and more. • www.rainforestfoundation.org/home The Rainforest Foundation works to preserve rainforests and to protect the rights of the indige- nous people who call the rainforests home. The site includes a list of things you can do to help. • www.undp.org/ The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) seeks solutions to global challenges such as crisis prevention and recovery, energy and the environment and democratic governance. • www.unido.org The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) seeks to reduce poverty, give developing countries the opportunity to participate in global trade, and promote energy ef- ficiency and sustainability. • www.usaid.gov/ USAID promotes global democracy, health, economic growth, conflict prevention, humanitari- an aid and more. • www.toyota.com/ideas-for-good/ Toyota’s Ideas for Good website describes several Toyota technologies that are makinga differ- ence—including their Advanced Parking Guidance System, Hybrid Synergy Drive®, Solar Pow- ered Ventilation System, T.H.U.M.S. (Total Human Model for Safety) and Touch Tracer Display. You can participate in the Ideas for Good challenge by submitting a short essay or video describing how these technologies can be used for other good purposes. ANS: Answers will vary.
  • 10.
    Another Random ScribdDocument with Unrelated Content
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    Colombe, l'amour etl'esprit Qui engendrâtes Jésus-Christ, Comme vous j'aime une Marie. Qu'avec elle je me marie. LE PAON.
  • 12.
    En faisant laroue, cet oiseau, Dont le pennage traîne à terre, Apparaît encore plus beau, Mais se découvre le derrière. LE HIBOU. Mon pauvre cœur est un hibou Qu'on cloue, qu'on décloue, qu'on recloue.
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    De sang, d'ardeur,il est à bout. Tous ceux qui m'aiment, je les loue. IBIS. Oui, j'irai dans l'ombre terreuse Ô mort certaine, ainsi soit-il!
  • 14.
    Latin mortel, paroleaffreuse, Ibis, oiseau des bords du Nil. LE BOEUF. Ce chérubin dit la louange Du paradis, où, près des anges, Nous revivrons, mes chers amis Quand le bon Dieu l'aura permis.
  • 15.
    NOTES. Admirez le pouvoirinsigne Et la noblesse de la ligne. Il loue la ligne qui a formé les images, magnifiques ornements de ce divertissement poétique. Elle est la voix que la lumière fit entendre Et dont parle Hermès Trismégiste en son Pimandre. «Bientôt, lit-on dans le Pimandre, descendirent des ténèbres... et il en sortit un cri inarticulé qui semblait la voix de la lumière.» Cette voix de la lumière, n'est-ce pas le dessin» c'est-à-dire la ligne? Et quand la lumière s'exprime pleinement tout se colore. La peinture est proprement un langage lumineux. Du Thrace magique. Orphée était datif de la Thrace. Ce sublime poète jouait d'une lyre que Mercure lui avait donnée. Elle était composée d'une carapace de tortue, de cuir collé à l'entour, de deux branches, d'un chevalet et de cordes faites avec des boyaux de brebis. Mercure donna également de ces lyres à Apollon et à Amphion. Quand Orphée jouait en chantant, les animaux sauvages eux-mêmes venaient écouter son cantique. Orphée inventa toutes les sciences, tous les arts. Fondé dans la magie, il connut l'avenir et prédit chrétiennement l'avènement du SAUVEUR. Mes durs rêves formels sauront te chevaucher, Mon destin au char d'or sera ton beau cocher.
  • 16.
    Le premier quimonta Pégase fut Bellérophon quand il alla attaquer la Chimère. Il existe aujourd'hui bien des chimères, et avant de combattre l'une d'elles, la plus ennemie de la poésie, il convient de brider Pégase et même de l'atteler. On sait bien ce que je veux dire. La hase pleine qui conçoit. Chez la femelle du lièvre la superfétation est possible. Avec ses quatre dromadaires, Don Pedro d'Alfaroubeira Courut le monde et l'admira. La célèbre relation de voyage intitulée: Historia del Infante D. Pedro de Portugal, en la que se refiere lo que le sucedio en le viaje que hizo cuando anduvo las siete partes del mundo, compuesto por Gomez de Santistevan, uno de los doce que llevo en su compania el infante, rapporte que l'Infant du Portugal, don Pedro d'Alfaroubeira, se mit en route avec douze compagnons pour visiter les sept parties du monde. Ces voyageurs étaient montés sur quatre dromadaires, et après avoir passé en Espagne, ils allèrent en Norvège et, de là, à Babylone et en Terre-Sainte. Le prince portugais visita encore les états du prêtre Jean et revint dans son pays au bout de trois ans et quatre mois. Et le palais de Rosemonde. Voici, touchant ce palais, témoignage de l'amour que le roi d'Angleterre éprouvait pour sa maîtresse, ce couplet d'une complainte dont je ne connais point l'Auteur: Pour mettre Rosemonde à l'abri de la haine Que lui portait la reine, Le roi fit construire un palais Tel qu'on n'en vit jamais. Les mouches ganiques qui sont Les divinités de la neige. Toutes n'apparaissent pas sous la forme de flocons, mais beaucoup ont été apprivoisées par les sorciers finnois ou lapons et elles leur obéissent. Les magiciens se les transmettent de père en fils et les gardent enfermées dans une boîte où elles se tiennent invisibles, prêtes à s'envoler en essaim pour tourmenter les voleurs, tout en chantant les paroles magiques, ainsi quelles-mêmes immortelles. Voici la fine sauterelle, La nourriture de saint Jean. «Et erat Joannes vestitus pilis cameli, et zona pellicea, circa lumbos ejus, et locustas, et mel silvestre edebat.» S. Marc. I, 6. La femelle de l'alcyon, L'Amour, les volantes Sirènes Savent de mortelles chansons Dangereuses et inhumaines.
  • 17.
    Les navigateurs, entendantchanter la femelle de l'alcyon, s'apprêtaient à mourir, sauf toutefois vers la mi-décembre, où ces oiseaux font leurs nids, et l'on pensait qu'alors la mer était calme. Quant à l'Amour et quant aux Sirènes, ces oiseaux merveilleux chantent si harmonieusement que la vie même de celui qui les écoute n'est pas un prix trop élevé pour payer une telle musique. Ce chérubin. On distingue parmi les hiérarchies célestes, vouées au service et à la gloire de la divinité, des êtres aux formes inconnues et de la plus surprenante beauté. Les chérubins sont des bœufs ailés, mais aucunement monstrueux. Quand le bon Dieu l'aura permis. Ceux qui s'exercent à la poésie ne recherchent et n'aiment rien autre que la perfection qui est Dieu lui-même. Et cette divine bonté, cette suprême perfection abandonneraient ceux dont la vie n'a eu pour but que de les découvrir et de les glorifier? Cela paraît impossible, et, à mon sens, les poètes ont le droit d'espérer après leur mort le bonheur perdurable que procure l'entière connaissance de Dieu, c'est-à- dire de la sublime beauté.
  • 18.
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