The document discusses India's energy crisis and increasing reliance on coal and oil imports. It proposes using solar energy as a renewable alternative through technologies like solar photovoltaic cells. The Indian government is promoting solar power through subsidies and initiatives like setting up a 140 MW solar plant. A device called Solger is described that uses solar panels and a universal charger to harness solar energy for charging cell phones without electricity.

1. ‘SOLGER’
A SOLAR – CHARGER
SHRI KHOJ – MODEL MAKING
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2. SR.NO TOPIC SLIDE
1. ENERGY CRISIS IN INDIA 3
2. SOLAR ENERGY 4
3. WHAT HAS THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT 6
DONE?
4. SOLAR CELL 7
5. OUR SOLGER 10
6. OUR SOLAR JACKET 11
7. A GLIMPSE 12
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3.  India is in a severe energy crisis that will continue to increase in severity due to increasing population
and limited domestic supply of coal and oil.
 Coal accounts for over 70% of our energy production. India is projected to import 750 million tonnes of oil and
1.4 billion tonnes of coal a year by 2031 and 2032.
 India is expected to become the world's fourth-largest by 2025, according to International Energy Agency.
 Coal currently provides around 55 percent of the country's massive electricity needs, resulting in a
huge carbon footprint.
 Energy demands in the future will continue to increase as India’s population continues to grow.
 Renewable energy currently accounts for 3700MW, only about 3.5% of total electricity generation from all
sources.
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4.  Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy.
 Most important of the non-conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting; helps in lessening the
greenhouse effect.
 Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times, but in a most primitive manner.
 After the dramatic rise in oil prices in the 1970s, several countries began to formulate extensive research and
development programmes to exploit solar energy.
 India is one of the few countries with long days and plenty of sunshine, especially in the Thar desert region.
 A 140 MW integrated solar power plant is to be set up in Jodhpur but it is capital intensive.
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5.  Solar energy can also be used to meet our electricity requirements. Through Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)
cells, solar radiation gets converted into DC electricity directly. This electricity can either be used as it
is or can be stored in the battery. This stored electrical energy then can be used at night. SPV can be
used for a number of applications such as:
a. domestic lighting
b. street lighting
c. village electrification
d. water pumping
e. desalination of salty water
f. powering of remote telecommunication repeater stations and
g. railway signals.
 If the means to make efficient use of solar energy could be found, it would reduce our dependence on
non-renewable sources of energy and make our environment cleaner.
 DID YOU KNOW?
India receives solar energy equivalent to over 5000 trillion kWh/year, which is far more than the total energy
consumption of the country!
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6.  The Government of India is promoting the use of solar energy through various strategies.
 In the latest budget for 2010-11, the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion towards the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and the establishment of a clean energy fund.
 Encourages private solar companies to reduce customs duty on solar panels by 5% and exempting excise duty
on solar photovoltaic panels. This is expected to reduce the cost of a roof-top solar panel installation by 15–
20%.
 Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) scheme, which is designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy
projects.
 The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) provides 70 percent subsidy on the installation cost of a
solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions.
 Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency and the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources will
formulate a programme to have solar energy in more than a million households in the next few years.
However, the people’s initiative is essential if the programme is to be successful.
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7.  What is a Solar Cell?
A solar cell is a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by
the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are designed to convert a part of the available light into electrical
energy. They do this without the use of either chemical reactions or moving parts.
 History
 French physicist Antoine-César Becquerel in 1839, a solid electrode in an electrolyte solution.
 Charles Fritts, the first true solar cells using junctions formed by coating the semiconductor selenium
with an ultrathin, transparent layer of gold.
 In 1954, three other American researchers, G.L. Pearson, Daryl Chapin, and Calvin Fuller,
demonstrated a silicon solar cell capable of a 6-percent energy-conversion efficiency when used in
direct sunlight.
 In 1989 a concentrator solar cell, a type of device in which sunlight is concentrated onto the cell
surface by means of lenses, achieved an efficiency of 37 percent due to the increased intensity of the
collected energy.
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8.  Structure
Modern solar cells are based on semiconductor physics -- they are basically just P-N junction
photodiodes with a very large light-sensitive area. The photovoltaic effect, which causes the cell to
convert light directly into electrical energy, occurs in the three energy-conversion layers.
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9.  Energy conversion in a solar cell is the top junction layer: N-type semiconductor
 Core of the device; this is the absorber layer: P-N junction
 Back junction layer: P-type semiconductor
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10.  An alternative means for charging their cell phones, which helps saving electricity.
 Extremely cost effective with a very high efficiency output.
 Very light, enables people to carry it along with them without any hitch.
 Does NOT require electricity, as it uses rays of the sun, which is in abundance for charging the cell
phone.
 As conversion of light particles in electron takes place after a few chain reactions, there is a
corresponding transformation of photons into electric current, which charges your phone.
 SOLGER is compatible with batteries of almost all reputed cell phone companies.
 In recent times, there is a rapid decrease in the quantity of conventional resources and in some places,
it is on the mere verge of extinction. Therefore, by purchasing such a charger, you not only can save
electricity, but also can save conventional resources.
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11. SOLAR PANELS
CONNECTING
WIRES
UNIVERSAL
CHARGER
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13. THANK YOU
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