it good n small go through it

2.  Solar energy is genesis for all forms of energy.
 This energy can be made use of in two ways -
Thermal route (i.e. using heat
for drying, heating, cooking or generation of
electricity) or
 The Photovoltaic route which
converts solar energy in to electricity that can be
used for a myriad purposes such as lighting,
pumping and generation of electricity.
 Due to its pollution free nature, virtually
inexhaustible(abundant) supply and global
distribution- solar energy is very attractive energy
resource.

3. “Why Solar” question can be sought from two different
perspectives: utilizing solar energy for  grid-interactive and
 off-grid power generation.
It is the radiation from the sun that is capable of producing
heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity.
Solar energy is rapidly becoming the ultimate energy source
because of its non-polluting character and its inexhaustible
supply which are in stark contrast to such fossil fuel sources as
coal, oil, and natural gas.
SOLAR CONNECTION
______________|____________
| |
GRID OFF-GRID

4.  Grid interactive solar energy is derived from
solar photovoltaic cells
 Solar energy conversion equipments have
longer life and need lesser maintenance and
hence provide higher energy infrastructure
security.
 Low running costs.
 Being expansive you can even opt for only a
solar panel and a grid converter , it would be
quite cheaper than having a power connection
with a MPPT charge convertor , a inverter and
a battery bank.
Grid Inverter
Grid Connection at home

5. (a) a PV panel array, ranging from two to
many hundreds of panels;
(b)a control panel, to regulate the power
from the panels;
(c) a power storage system, generally
comprising of a number of specially
designed batteries;
(d) an inverter, for converting the DC to
AC power (eg 240 V AC)
(e) backup power supplies such as diesel
startup generators (optional)
(f) framework and housing for the system

6. Place where utility power is scant or too expensive to bring, have no
choice but to opt for their own generation. They generate power from a
diverse range of small local generators using renewable resources with or
without its own storage (batteries). This is known as off-grid electricity.
Remote power systems are installed for the following reasons:
 Environmentally safe, pollution free source
of energy.
Independence from the unreliable, fault
prone and interrupted grid connection
Available storage and back-up options
No overhead wires- no transmission loss
Varied applications and products: Lighting,
Communication Systems, Cooking, Heating,
Pumping, Small scale industry utilization etc.

7.  The MPPT, To put it simply, they convert a higher
voltage DC output from solar panels down to the
lower voltage needed to charge batteries.
SOLAR CELL
Solar cell is also called as photo galvanic cell
Photo galvanic cell or solar cell is the
one which converts the solar energy (energy obtained from the sun) directly
into electrical energy.
The solar cells are based on the principles of photovoltaic effect.
 Solar cell (crystalline Silicon) consists of a n-type semiconductor
(emitter) layer and p-type semiconductor layer (base). The two layers are
sandwiched and hence there is formation of p-n junction.
 The surface is coated with anti-reflection coating to avoid the loss of
incident light energy due to reflection.

9. Thus when this p and n layers are connected to external circuit,
electrons flow from n-layer to p-layer, an hence current is generated
The electrons that leave the solar cell as current give up their energy
to whatever is connected to the solar cell, and then re-enter the solar
cell. Once back in the solar cell, the process begins again.

10. Types of Solar Panels
Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous
1. Made from single 1.Made from very small 1.Made from small
Large crystal. crystal. Solar panels.
2. Most efficient. 2.Less efficient. 2.Most efficient.
3. Most expensive. 3.less expensive. 3.Most expensive
4. 15-20% 4.13-16% than mono c-si.

11.  The major con of solar energy is the initial cost of solar
cells.
 Solar energy is only able to generate electricity during
daylight hours. This means for around half of each day.
 The weather can affect the efficiency of solar cells.
 Pollution can be a con of solar energy, as pollution
levels can affect a solar cells efficiency, this would be a
major con for businesses or industry wishing to install
solar panels in heavily polluted areas, such as cities.

12. SALONI
GCS(07 )