The document discusses different types of software testing including component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. It then provides details on various testing techniques such as functional testing, non-functional testing, structural testing, and confirmation and regression testing. The goal of software testing is to identify defects, verify functionality, and ensure quality.

1. Damian Gordon

3.  Component Testing
 Integration Testing
 System Testing
 Acceptance Testing

4.  Component Testing

5.  Component Testing
 Also known as Unit Testing, Module Testing,
and Program Testing

6.  Component Testing
◦ Searching for defects in, and verifies the
functioning of software that are separately
testable.
◦ This testing can be done in isolation of other parts
of the system, using stubs and drivers.
A A Driver
B Stub B

7.  Component Testing
◦ May include the testing of the functionality and
specific non-functional characteristics such as
resource behaviour, e.g. Memory leaks
◦ Also Robustness testing or performance testing
◦ Also structure testing, e.g. Decision coverage

8.  Integration Testing

9.  Integration Testing
◦ Testing interfaces between components, as well
as interactions to different parts of the system,
such as an operating system, and a file system.
◦ Component Integration Testing is testing
interactions between components
◦ System Integration Testing is testing the
interaction of the developed system with other
systems

10.  Integration Testing
◦ It’s generally better to integrate components to
each other in groups, and then test that process,
rather than a “big bang” integration when all
discrete components are integrated
simultaneously.
◦ With the “big bang” approach, it is very difficult to
trace the cause of failures to one specific
component.
◦ The opposite approach is integrating one
component at a time, which can often be too time
consuming.

11.  Integration Testing
◦ This incremental approach to integration leads to
a number of possible approaches:
 Top-Down: Test starts at the top, e.g. From the GUI
or main menu
 Bottom-up: One component at a time
 Functional Incremental: Integration and testing on
the basis of functionality

12.  System Testing

13.  System Testing
 Looking at the behaviour of the whole
system as defined by the scope of a
development project.
 It may include tests based on risks and/or
requirements specification, business
processes, use cases, or other high-level
descriptions of system behaviour,
interactions with the operating system, and
system resources.

14.  System Testing
 It is most often the final testing on behalf of
the development to verify that the system
delivered meets the specification.

15.  System Testing
 It should include investigation of both the
functional and non-functional requirements
of the system
◦ Typical non-functional tests include performance
and reliability.
◦ Typical functional tests include black-box testing.

16.  System Testing
 It must be undertaken in a controlled test
environment, with software versions,
testware, and test data.
 The test environment needs to match the
live environment as much as possible.

17.  Acceptance Testing

18.  Acceptance Testing
 This is testing done by the customers/users,
potentially as well as other stakeholders.
 The goal of this testing is to establish
confidence in the system, focussing on
issues such as fit-for-purpose, and
usability.

19.  Acceptance Testing
 Two types of acceptance testing:
◦ The user acceptance test focuses mainly on
functionality thereby validating the fitness-for-
use of the system by the users.
◦ The operational acceptance test validates whether
the system meets the requirements for operation.

20.  Acceptance Testing
 Other types of acceptance testing:
◦ Contract acceptance tests performed against a
contract’s acceptance criteria for producing the
software.
◦ Compliance acceptance tests are preformed
against regulations such as governmental, legal or
safety regulations.

21.  Acceptance Testing
 If the software is intended for the mass market,
customer testing is impractical, but feedback is
needed, so it’s often done in a two stage
process
◦ The first is Alpha Testing, this takes place at the
developers site, a cross-section of potential users are
invited to use the system, and developers observe the
users and note problems.
◦ The second is Beta Testing, sends the system out to a
cross-section of the users, who install it, and use it
under real-world conditions. The users send records of
incidents with the system to the development
organisation where the defects are repaired.

23.  Functional Testing
 Non-functional Testing
 Structural Testing
 Confirmation and Regression Testing

24.  Functional Testing

25.  Functional Testing
 The function of a system is “what it does”.
 Typically described in requirements
document, or in use cases.
 Can be based on ISO 9124, but focusing on
suitability, interoperability, security,
accuracy, and compliance.

26.  ISO is an international
standard-setting body
composed of
representatives from
various national
standards
organizations.
Founded on February
23, 1947, the
organization
promulgates
worldwide proprietary,
industrial and
commercial standards.
It has its headquarters
in Geneva,
Switzerland.

27.  Functional Testing
 Two types, Requirements-based testing and
Business-process-based testing
◦ Requirements-based testing use the functional
specification to develop tests.
◦ Business-process-based testing uses the
knowledge of business processes.

28.  Non-Functional Testing

29.  Non-Functional Testing
 Looking at quality characteristics, looking at
how well something is being done, or how
fast.
 Includes things like, performance testing,
load testing, stress testing, usability testing,
maintainability testing, reliability testing,
and portability testing.

30.  Non-Functional Testing
 Can be based on ISO 9124, but focusing on
reliability, usability, efficiency,
maintainability, and portability.

31.  Structural Testing

32.  Structural Testing
 Looking at the system architecture or
structure of the system or component.
 Often used as a way of measuring the
thoroughness of the testing through
coverage of a set of structural elements of
coverage items.

33. START
Read in A
Does A/2
Print “It’s Yes give a No Print “It’s
Odd” remainder Even”
?
END

34. START
Read in A and
B
Yes No
Print A A>B? Print B
END

35. START
Read in A, B
and C
Yes Yes No Yes
A>C? A>B? B>C?
No No
Print A Print C Print B
END

36. START
A=1
A=A+1
Is No
Print A
A==6?
Yes
END

37.  Confirmation and Regression Testing

38.  Confirmation and Regression Testing
 Testing changes to software, two general
types:
◦ Confirmation Testing
◦ Regression Testing

39.  Confirmation and Regression Testing
 Confirmation Testing
 When a test fails and we determine the
cause of the failure, once that defect is
fixed, we need to rerun the test again to
confirm that the error has been corrected.
 It is important to rerun the test in the exact
same way – same input, same data, and
same environment.

40.  Confirmation and Regression Testing
 Regression Testing
 Testing to check if there hasn’t been any
“unexpected side-effects” as a result of
some change.