The document discusses the costs of software quality, which can be categorized as: 1) Costs of control including prevention costs (quality infrastructure investments) and appraisal costs (error detection activities for specific projects). 2) Internal failure costs for correcting errors found before customer use. 3) External failure costs for correcting failures found after customer use. It provides examples for each category such as design reviews, testing, and resolving customer complaints. The document also mentions managerial preparation/control costs and costs of managerial failures.

1. Cost of Software
Quality
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2. Cost of Software
Cost of failure of
Cost of Control
control
Internal failure
Prevention Cost
Cost
External failure
Appraisal Cost
cost

3. What is?
• Cost of software is the economic assesment of software
quality dvelopment and maintenance -is just another class of
software quality metric, where financial values are used as the
measuring tools.

4. Why must be?
Control organization-initiated costs
regarding software error
Evaluation of the economic damages
of software failures
Evaluation of plans to increase or
decrease SQA

5. Cost of Control
• Costs of control include costs that are spent to prevent and
detect software errors in order to reduce them to an accepted
level.
Prevention Cost
• Prevention costs include investments in quality infrastructure
and quality activities that are not directed to a specific project
or system, being general to the organization.
Appraisal Cost
• Appraisal costs include the costs of activities performed for a
specific project or software system for the purpose of
detecting software errors.

6. Prevention Cost
• Investment in a new development
1. Procedures and work instructions
2. Support devices: templates, checklists, etc.
3. Software configuration management system
4. Software quality metrics.
• Reqular implementation SQA
1. Instruction of new employees
2. Instruction of employees in new and updated SQA.
3. Certification of employees
4. Consultations on SQA
Control of SQA
1. Internal quality reviews
2. External quality audits by customers 3. Management quality
reviews.

7. Appraisal Cost
• Appraisal costs are devoted to detection of software errors in
specific projects or software systems.
Reviews
• Formal design reviews (DRs)
• Peer reviews (inspections and walkthroughs)
• Expert reviews.
Cost of software Testing
• Unit tests
• Integration tests
• Software system tests
• Acceptance tests
Cost of quality of external participants

8. Internal Failure Cost
• Internal failure costs are those incurred when correcting errors
that have been detected by
- design reviews
- software tests
- and acceptance tests
performed before the software has been installed at customer
sites.

9. Internal Failure Cost
Type(cont’d)
Cost of redesign
Cost of re-progamming
Cost of repeated design review

10. External Failure Cost
• External failure costs entail the costs of correcting failures
detected by customers or maintenance teams after the
software system has been installed at customer sites.

11. External Failure Cost Type
(con’td)
Type :
Rsolution of customer complaints
Correction of software bugs detected during regular operation

12. Another Extended Cost
Managerial Costs of carrying out contract
Preparation reviews
and control
cost Costs of preparing project
plans
Costs of periodic updating of
associated project and quality plans.
with activities
Costs of performing regular
per-
progress control (internal)
formed to
prevent Costs of performing regular
managerial progress control (external)
failures or
reduce
prospects of
their
occurrence.

13. Another Extended Cost
(cont’d)
Managerial Unplanned cost
Failure cost
Damaged Paid for unrealistic
schedule proposal
Damaged Paid for management’s
failure to recruits
Domino effect