Software Estimation
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The document discusses various software estimation techniques including function point analysis, three point estimation, and COCOMO. It outlines the importance of estimation for budgeting, planning, and customer satisfaction. Different techniques are suited for different project stages and sizes. Function point analysis involves counting logical files, external inputs, external outputs, external queries, and other factors to estimate effort. Three magic formulae can also help estimate project duration, staffing needs, and minimum time. Metrics like effort slippage and percentage of efforts used help evaluate estimation accuracy.
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Software Estimation
The document discusses different techniques for estimating the size, cost, and effort of software projects. It describes methods like lines of code counting and functional point analysis to estimate project size based on requirements. Cost is estimated as a function of effort and expenses. Effort estimation techniques include the holistic COCOMO model which estimates effort based on project attributes in basic, intermediate and detailed levels, and the activity based model which uses metrics from past projects.
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Unit 5
1. Software project estimation involves decomposing a project into smaller problems like major functions and activities. Estimates can be based on similar past projects, decomposition techniques, or empirical models.
2. Accurate estimates depend on properly estimating the size of the software product using techniques like lines of code, function points, or standard components. Baseline metrics from past projects are then applied to the size estimates.
3. Decomposition techniques involve estimating the effort needed for each task or function and combining them. Process-based estimation decomposes the software process into tasks while problem-based estimation decomposes the problem.
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Wideband Delphi is a reliable estimation techniques that is prepared based on team consensus. This presentation discusses the process and includes examples, which can be followed when preparing your own estimates.
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This document provides an introduction to software cost estimation. It discusses how software cost estimation has evolved from simple programs with few parameters to complex modern applications that require estimating numerous parameters. Key parameters that influence cost estimates include project size, requirements volatility, team capabilities, and development tools and methodologies to be used. The document also describes how commercial software cost estimation tools work, including using templates based on attributes of similar past projects to generate estimates. Finally, it outlines the typical 10-step sequence used to generate software cost estimates.
Wideband Delphi Estimation
Wideband Delphi is a consensus-based estimation technique involving a team that creates task estimates through an iterative process. It begins with a kickoff meeting where the team generates tasks and assumptions. Members then independently estimate effort for each task. Next, an estimation session is held where the team revises estimates through discussion to reach consensus. Finally, the project manager assembles the results into a final task list and estimate report. The technique leverages group expertise and iteration to create accurate and agreed-upon estimates.
Se 381 - lec 25 - 32 - 12 may29 - program size and cost estimation models
The document discusses various techniques for estimating software project size, effort, cost and duration. It describes lines of code and function points as common metrics for estimating project size. Function points measure the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries and files to estimate size early in development. The document also explains the COCOMO model for estimating effort, productivity, duration and staffing needs based on project size, complexity and other cost drivers. Intermediate COCOMO incorporates 15 cost drivers while basic COCOMO uses only size. References are provided for further reading.
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The document discusses software estimation and project planning. It covers estimating project cost and effort through decomposition techniques and empirical estimation models. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Decomposition techniques involve breaking down a project into functions and tasks to estimate individually, such as estimating lines of code or function points for each piece.
2) Empirical estimation models use historical data from past projects to generate estimates.
3) Key factors that affect estimation accuracy include properly estimating product size, translating size to effort/time/cost, and accounting for team abilities and requirements stability.
Estimation
The document discusses software cost estimation and provides information on three main approaches: using experience and historical data, decomposition techniques, and empirical models. It describes decomposition techniques that break down a problem or process into components that can be estimated individually. Empirical models provide formulas to predict effort as a function of lines of code or function points. The document also discusses factors that influence cost like size, complexity, programmer ability, schedule, and reliability. It provides details on the COCOMO model and equations.
Software cost estimation techniques presentation
This document discusses several techniques for estimating software costs: expert judgement, pricing to win, estimation by analogy, bottom-up, top-down, and algorithmic cost modeling. Expert judgement involves consulting experts and iterating until agreement. Pricing to win bases the estimate only on the customer's budget. Estimation by analogy compares a new project to similar past projects. Bottom-up and top-down respectively estimate from components or overall functionality. Algorithmic cost modeling uses mathematical equations based on historical data.
Software Estimation Techniques
This document discusses different software estimation techniques. It describes what software estimation is, why it is needed, and some common difficulties in estimation. It then outlines factors to consider like product objectives, corporate assets, and project constraints. It discusses methods for estimating lines of code or function points. Function point analysis and the unadjusted and value adjustment components are explained. Models for calculating effort and cost using lines of code and function points are provided, including the COCOMO model and its organic, semi-detached, and embedded project types.
Software project estimation
Estimation determines the resources needed to build a system and involves estimating the software size, effort, time, and cost. It is based on past data, documents, assumptions, and risks. The main steps are estimating the software size, effort, time, and cost. Software size can be estimated in lines of code or function points. Effort estimation calculates person-hours or months based on software size using formulas like COCOMO-II. Cost estimation considers additional factors like hardware, tools, personnel skills, and travel. Techniques for estimation include decomposition and empirical models like Putnam and COCOMO, which relate size to time and effort.
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The document discusses software scope, which involves determining project goals, tasks, costs, and deadlines. It also describes functions, performance, constraints, and interfaces. The first step in software project planning is to determine scope by assessing functions and performance allocated to software. Scope is identified by asking the customer questions about goals, benefits, problems, and environment. An example of determining scope for a conveyor line sorting system is provided.
DELPHI METHOD (COST ESTIMATION MODELT)
The Wideband Delphi Method is a consensus-based software estimation technique involving multiple steps: a kickoff meeting where stakeholders generate tasks and assumptions, individual preparation where estimators provide effort estimates, an estimation session where estimates are discussed and revised, and a final review. The process aims to develop accurate estimates by leveraging group judgment and addressing uncertainties through documented assumptions.
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This document discusses software cost estimation and factors that influence productivity. It defines software cost estimation as predicting resources needed for development like effort, time and total cost. Cost components include hardware/software, travel/training, and effort costs like salaries and overheads. Productivity measures include lines of code, function points based on functionality, and object points. Factors like language, code verbosity, and system characteristics can impact productivity estimates.
Guide to Software Estimation
This document provides an overview of software estimation techniques. It discusses why estimation is important, the general estimation process, and factors that impact accuracy such as requirements management and experience. The document also describes different estimation methods like expert judgment, analogy-based, top-down, and bottom-up. It provides examples of estimation tools like Function Point Analysis and COCOMO II for sizing and effort estimation.
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The document discusses various software project size estimation metrics. It describes the limitations of lines of code (LOC) counting, such as variability due to coding style and not accounting for non-coding effort. Function point analysis and feature point analysis are presented as alternatives that overcome some LOC limitations by basing size on software features rather than lines. The key steps of function point analysis involve counting types of inputs, outputs, inquiries and other parameters to calculate unadjusted function points which are then adjusted based on technical complexity factors. While more accurate than LOC, function point analysis is still subjective based on how parameters are defined and counted.
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This document discusses using function points to estimate the cost and time required for a software project. It provides an example of estimating a program for a phone order company. The example counts the function points for the program's inputs, outputs, files and queries, then converts this to lines of code and staff hours using standard metrics. Finally, it calculates the estimated cost for the project based on typical programmer salaries. The document advocates that function point analysis provides a more accurate estimation approach than just comparing to past similar projects.
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This document provides an overview of software cost estimation techniques. It discusses factors that affect cost such as effort required, calendar time, and total cost of activities. It also covers parameters like hardware/software costs, travel/training costs, and effort costs. Productivity factors and techniques like algorithmic cost modeling, expert judgement, estimation by analogy, and pricing strategies are summarized. Algorithmic cost modeling uses historical data to relate software size to cost and involves factors for effort estimation.
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This presentation describes:
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Se 381 - lec 25 - 32 - 12 may29 - program size and cost estimation models
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Software estimation techniques involve finding approximations given imprecise inputs. There are three main categories - art, practice, and process - which vary in consistency, scalability, variance, organizational suitability, and individual suitability. The key to great estimation is selecting the right technique based on the activity, such as using a process for most business activities which have precise inputs and outputs, while an art may be suitable for creating album artwork where the inputs and outputs are more imprecise.
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Contracting & Performance Management as presented by Cees Kuijpers on the Nesma autumn conference November 10, 2016
Spm software effort estimation
This document discusses various techniques for estimating effort for software projects. It describes common challenges with software estimation like subjective nature and changing requirements. It then explains different estimation techniques like algorithmic models, expert judgment, analogy, top-down and bottom-up approaches. Specifically, it outlines the function point analysis technique and COCOMO model for estimating effort based on source lines of code and complexity factors. Finally, it lists some typical rules of thumb for software estimation from Capers Jones.
Improve phase lean six sigma tollgate template
The document discusses the Improve phase of the Lean Six Sigma methodology. It provides an overview of the key tools and activities used in the Improve phase, including identifying and prioritizing root causes, developing and selecting solutions, implementing pilots, and developing implementation plans. It also discusses tollgate reviews, which are checkpoints to review progress. The Improve phase aims to develop, test, and select solutions to address the root causes identified in the Analyze phase in order to meet the project goals.
Improve phase lean six sigma tollgate template
The document discusses the Improve phase of the Lean Six Sigma methodology. It provides an overview of the key tools and activities used in the Improve phase, including identifying and prioritizing root causes, developing and selecting solutions, implementing pilots, and developing implementation plans. It also discusses tollgate reviews, which are checkpoints to review progress. The Improve phase aims to develop, test, and select solutions to address the root causes identified in the Analyze phase in order to meet the project goals.
Beit 381 se lec 13 - 11 - 12 mar20 - project management
The document discusses key concepts in project management for software engineering projects including:
1) It defines a project as an activity with a fixed duration and deliverable product, and project management as executing the project to deliver the desired product with minimal resources, best quality, and within time constraints.
2) It identifies the four key elements ("4 P's") of project management as people, product, process, and project.
3) It provides examples of work breakdown structures (WBS), critical path method (CPM), Gantt charts, PERT charts, and precedence/activity network diagrams that are used for project scheduling and tracking.
Workforce Management & BPM Integration
The document discusses how business process management suites can integrate with workforce management systems through simulation and scheduling. It provides an overview of how analytics data on work patterns and resource utilization can be extracted from a BPM system and fed into a scheduler to generate optimized resource schedules. The new schedules are then simulated back in the BPM system to evaluate performance and further optimize scheduling in an iterative process aimed at reducing staffing costs. As an example, one company saw a 10-20% reduction in staffing costs through this integrated approach.
Similar to Software Estimation (20)
Nesma autumn conference - Contracting & Performance management - Cees Kuijpers
Nesma autumn conference - Contracting & Performance management - Cees Kuijpers
Beit 381 se lec 13 - 11 - 12 mar20 - project management
Beit 381 se lec 13 - 11 - 12 mar20 - project management
Software Estimation
- 1. Software Estimation Presented by – Dinesh Singh
- 7. Estimation Process Collect Initial Requirement Estimate Size Estimate Efforts Produce Schedule Approve Estimate Develop Product Approved Actual Analyse Estimation Process Historical Project Data Resource Availability
- 11. Function Point Analysis (FPA) EI Function point 6 6 4 3 + FTRs 6 4 3 2 FTRs 4 3 3 1 FTR 16 + DETs 5 -15 DETs 1- 4 DETs
- 12. Function Point Analysis (FPA) EO Function point 7 7 5 4 + FTRs 7 5 4 2 - 3 FTRs 5 4 4 1 FTR 20+ DETs 6- 19 DETs 1-5 DETs
- 13. Function Point Analysis (FPA) EQ Function point 6 6 4 4 + FTRs 6 4 3 2 - 3 FTRs 4 3 3 1 FTR 20+ DETs 6-19 DETs 1-5 DETs
- 18. Q & A
- 19. Thanks