The document discusses the common school system, which aims to provide equitable quality education to all children regardless of attributes like caste, creed, gender, economic status, etc. It was introduced to address issues like education being restricted only to some communities and classes in the past. Key features of the common school system include being open to all children without restrictions, funded by the state, no discrimination or fees, use of local language as medium of instruction, and ensuring education of equitable quality. Neighborhood schools are also discussed as being beneficial by reducing travel time and strengthening community involvement.