Presentation by Dr Ayako Ebata of the Institute of Development Studies to the 2nd Regional Workshop on Swine Disease Control in Asia, held in Beijing, June 2017:
Dr. Dave Wright - Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the ...John Blue
Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the Secure Pork Supply Plan - Dr. Dave Wright, Wright Veterinary Services, from the 2018 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 16 - 17, 2018, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-minnesota-pork-congress" "Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the Secure Pork Supply Plan - Dr. Dave Wright, Wright Veterinary Services, from the 2018 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 16 - 17, 2018, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-minnesota-pork-congress
Averting future pandemics: Legal and illegal trade in animals, meat and wildmeatILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on Wildlife trafficking prevention: How can airports support the UN Sustainable Development Goals?, 2 September 2021.
Participatory rapid assessment of animal health and management practices in t...ILRI
Presented by Michel Dione at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
Dr. Dave Wright - Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the ...John Blue
Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the Secure Pork Supply Plan - Dr. Dave Wright, Wright Veterinary Services, from the 2018 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 16 - 17, 2018, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-minnesota-pork-congress" "Preparing for a Foreign Animal Disease: An overview of the Secure Pork Supply Plan - Dr. Dave Wright, Wright Veterinary Services, from the 2018 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 16 - 17, 2018, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-minnesota-pork-congress
Averting future pandemics: Legal and illegal trade in animals, meat and wildmeatILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on Wildlife trafficking prevention: How can airports support the UN Sustainable Development Goals?, 2 September 2021.
Participatory rapid assessment of animal health and management practices in t...ILRI
Presented by Michel Dione at the Workshop on In-depth smallholder pig value chain assessment and preliminary identification of best-bet interventions, Kampala, 9-11 April 2013
Vaccines and diagnostics—The case for regional One Health centres of excellence ILRI
Presented Delia Grace, Phil Toye, Shirley Tarawali and Vish Nene at the Workshop on One Health Colloquium: Sustainable Livestock and Disease Control—Exploring the Links to Climate Change, Improving Human Nutrition and the Refugee Crisis, London, 31 May–1 June 2016
A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interacti...ILRI
Presentation by Grace, D., Pfeiffer, D., Kock, R., Rushton, J., Mutua, F., McDermott, J. and Jones, B. 2011. A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactions: Preliminary findings. Presentation at the 1st International One Health Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 14-16 February 2011.
African swine fever epidemiology and control in smallholder pig systems: The ...ILRI
Presented by Michel Dione at an online Danida Fellowship Center course on sustainable and safe livestock production from farm to fork, 19 November 2021.
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
The use of Innovation Platforms to increase vaccination coverage against ende...ILRI
Poster prepared by M.M. Dione, I. Traore, H. Kassambara, C. O. Toure, A. Sow, B. Wieland and A. Fall for the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Dr. Andy Bowman - Emergence of Influenza A in Agricultural FairsJohn Blue
Emergence of Influenza A in Agricultural Fairs - Dr. Andy Bowman, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
African Swine Fever (ASF) control: An entry point for enhancing human welfare...ILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop, Jocelyn Davies, Cynthia Onzere, Steve Kemp, Vish Nene, Guenther Keil, Marisa Arias and Edward Okoth at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom - Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal DiseasesJohn Blue
Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases - Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom; Diagnostic Epidemiologist, Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Center, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Healthy animals for healthy lives in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presented by Hung Nguyen, Vish Nene, Delia Grace Randolph, Silvia Alonso, Charity Kinyua, Nicholas Svitek, Elise Schieck, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger, Hussein Abkallo, Kristina Roesel and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
NRDC ISSUe brIeF
Playing Chicken with Antibiotics:
Previously Undisclosed FDA Documents Show Antibiotic Feed Additives Don’t Meet the Agency’s Own Safety Standards
The influence of livestock products (LP) on nutrition during the first 1000 daysILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Silvia Alonso, Mats Lannerstad, Mishal Khan at the Workshop on One Health Colloquium: Sustainable Livestock and Disease Control—Exploring the Links to Climate Change, Improving Human Nutrition and the Refugee Crisis, London, 31 May–1 June 2016
Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (Camelus drom...ILRI
Presented by Eric M. Fèvre, Sharon L. Deem, Margaret Kinnaird, Springer Browne, Dishon Muloi, Gert-Jan Godeke, Marion Koopmans and C.B.E.M. Reusken at the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virus Research Symposium in Kenya (MVVR), Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
Healthy lives: Tackling food-borne diseases and zoonoses ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger at the Tropentag 2014 Conference on bridging the gap between increasing knowledge and decreasing resources, Prague, Czech Republic, 17−19 September 2014.
Presentation 3.8 The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): relevant act...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
FAO Second International Technical Seminar/Workshop on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) There is a way forward! FAO Technical Cooperation Programme: TCP/INT/3501 and TCP/INT/3502.
Boosting Uganda’s Investments in Livestock Development (2019-2023): Introduci...ILRI
Presented by Paul Lumu (MAAIF), Henry Kiara (ILRI), Harry Oyas (DVS Kenya), Klaas Dietze (FLI), Martin Barasa (VSF-G), Karl Rich (ILRI) and Peter Lule (ILRI) at the #BuildUganda Stakeholder Meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 7 June 2019
Vaccines and diagnostics—The case for regional One Health centres of excellence ILRI
Presented Delia Grace, Phil Toye, Shirley Tarawali and Vish Nene at the Workshop on One Health Colloquium: Sustainable Livestock and Disease Control—Exploring the Links to Climate Change, Improving Human Nutrition and the Refugee Crisis, London, 31 May–1 June 2016
A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interacti...ILRI
Presentation by Grace, D., Pfeiffer, D., Kock, R., Rushton, J., Mutua, F., McDermott, J. and Jones, B. 2011. A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactions: Preliminary findings. Presentation at the 1st International One Health Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 14-16 February 2011.
African swine fever epidemiology and control in smallholder pig systems: The ...ILRI
Presented by Michel Dione at an online Danida Fellowship Center course on sustainable and safe livestock production from farm to fork, 19 November 2021.
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
The use of Innovation Platforms to increase vaccination coverage against ende...ILRI
Poster prepared by M.M. Dione, I. Traore, H. Kassambara, C. O. Toure, A. Sow, B. Wieland and A. Fall for the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Dr. Andy Bowman - Emergence of Influenza A in Agricultural FairsJohn Blue
Emergence of Influenza A in Agricultural Fairs - Dr. Andy Bowman, Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
African Swine Fever (ASF) control: An entry point for enhancing human welfare...ILRI
Presented by Richard Bishop, Jocelyn Davies, Cynthia Onzere, Steve Kemp, Vish Nene, Guenther Keil, Marisa Arias and Edward Okoth at the ILRI BioSciences Day, Nairobi, 27 November 2013
Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom - Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal DiseasesJohn Blue
Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases - Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom; Diagnostic Epidemiologist, Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Center, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Healthy animals for healthy lives in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presented by Hung Nguyen, Vish Nene, Delia Grace Randolph, Silvia Alonso, Charity Kinyua, Nicholas Svitek, Elise Schieck, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger, Hussein Abkallo, Kristina Roesel and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
NRDC ISSUe brIeF
Playing Chicken with Antibiotics:
Previously Undisclosed FDA Documents Show Antibiotic Feed Additives Don’t Meet the Agency’s Own Safety Standards
The influence of livestock products (LP) on nutrition during the first 1000 daysILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Silvia Alonso, Mats Lannerstad, Mishal Khan at the Workshop on One Health Colloquium: Sustainable Livestock and Disease Control—Exploring the Links to Climate Change, Improving Human Nutrition and the Refugee Crisis, London, 31 May–1 June 2016
Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (Camelus drom...ILRI
Presented by Eric M. Fèvre, Sharon L. Deem, Margaret Kinnaird, Springer Browne, Dishon Muloi, Gert-Jan Godeke, Marion Koopmans and C.B.E.M. Reusken at the 4th Medical and Veterinary Virus Research Symposium in Kenya (MVVR), Nairobi, Kenya, 15-16 October 2015.
Healthy lives: Tackling food-borne diseases and zoonoses ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger at the Tropentag 2014 Conference on bridging the gap between increasing knowledge and decreasing resources, Prague, Czech Republic, 17−19 September 2014.
Presentation 3.8 The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): relevant act...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/28b6bd62-5433-4fad-b5a1-8ac61eb671b1/
FAO Second International Technical Seminar/Workshop on Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) There is a way forward! FAO Technical Cooperation Programme: TCP/INT/3501 and TCP/INT/3502.
Boosting Uganda’s Investments in Livestock Development (2019-2023): Introduci...ILRI
Presented by Paul Lumu (MAAIF), Henry Kiara (ILRI), Harry Oyas (DVS Kenya), Klaas Dietze (FLI), Martin Barasa (VSF-G), Karl Rich (ILRI) and Peter Lule (ILRI) at the #BuildUganda Stakeholder Meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 7 June 2019
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Livestock research contributions to the SDGs—Starting with the End in Mind: R...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, ILRI Director General, at the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health 2017 Annual Meeting, Edinburgh, 26–29 September 2017
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Presented by Christian K. Tiambo, Jimmy Smith, Okeyo Mwai and Steve Kemp at the Animal Biotechnology: The Next Frontier Stakeholders Sensitization and Awareness Workshop on Animal Biotechnology Applications and Regulatory Perspectives, Naivasha, Kenya, 22-24 March 2021
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel and Silvia Alonso at the Australian Veterinary Association Annual Conference, Perth, Australia, 5–10 May 2019.
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
Presentation given by Dr Samuel Adediran, GALVmed's Assistant Director for Market Development and Access to the East and Southern African Dairy Association in Nairobi, Kenya from 23-25th September 2015.
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Manish Kakkar at the World Veterinary Association (WVA)/World Medical Association (WMA) global conference on One Health, Madrid, Spain, 21-22 May 2015.
Smallholder pig value chains development in Uganda ILRI
Presented by Danilo Pezo, Emily OUma, Michel Dione and Brian Kawuma at the Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development Project (SPVCD, CRP 3.7 SPAC and PPMC) Meeting, ILRI Uganda, 7 December 2014
Safer indigenous pork and healthier ethnic minorities in Vietnam through bett...ILRI
Poster prepared by F Unger, H Nguyen, PD Phuc, PT Ngoc, T Alter, M Baumann, A Scholl and D Grace for the Workshop on CRP-A4NH, Vietnam Partner Day Sharing Progress and Planning ahead for Collaborative Research, 23 March 2018
The roles of livestock and farmed wildlife in preventing the next pandemic: C...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl and Dieter Schillinger at a virtual workshop on countering zoonotic spillover of high consequence pathogens, 12 July 2022.
Smallholder pig value chains transformation in Uganda: Results, lessons and i...ILRI
Presented by Emily Ouma, Michel Dione, Kristina Roesel, Peter Lule, Brian Kawuma, Rosemirta Birungi, Grace Asiimwe, Felix Opio and Ben Lukuyu at the Uganda Livestock Sector Consultative Meeting, Kampala, 14 March 2017
Similar to Socio-economic effect of swine diseases: preliminary insights from Myanmar (20)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Socio-economic effect of swine diseases: preliminary insights from Myanmar
1. Socio-economic effect of swine diseases:
preliminary insights from Myanmar
Ayako Ebata
June 27, 2017
2nd Regional Workshop on Swine Disease Control in Asia
Beijing, China
2. Background: why do pig diseases matter?
Livestock and the poor
• 2/3 of resource-poor rural households keep livestock (Randolph et al., 2014);
• Livestock serves multiple purposes: food, income source, manure, labour, saving, social
status, etc.;
Pigs and pork in Asia
• Pork: the most important source of meat (58% of total meat output) increase in pig
population (Huynh et al., 2016);
• Pigs: reduced socio-economic risks through diversification of income sources, linkages
among resources (land, water, crops and pigs), value adding through converting plant
materials to animal products.
3. Background: why do pig diseases matter?
Pig diseases and their effect on livelihood
• Those that influence the vulnerability and assets of smallholder livestock keepers:
Causing high levels of mortality and jeopardize human health;
• Those that constrain increases in productivity:
Pathogenic in non-indigenous breeds of livestock that are used for increasing
productivity;
• Those that constrain market access:
Human disease can be caused by consumption of livestock products (e.g. meat, by-
products) (Randolph et al., 2007);
• Perceived risk of losing pigs leads to sometimes reckless preventive strategies
4. Background: Myanmar’s pig industry
• Expected to show the most rapid growth in pig production to 2030 (ILRI, 2012);
• 2nd most popular source of meat after chicken;
52%
30%
2%
12%
4%
Percentage sharing in total meat in Myanmar (LBVD, 2016)
Fowl meat Pork Mutton Beef Duck meat & others
8. Myanmar Pig Partnership and its insights
Our project
• To identify the burden of pig-borne zoonotic diseases on various stakeholders;
Salmonella, Streptococcus Suis
• Objectives:
Characterization of pork supply chains and related socio-economic factors;
Perceptions of zoonotic and livestock diseases;
Their risks and preventive health programmes;
Designing policies that combat pig diseases and associated human infection;
Insights
• What are the effects of pig diseases on socio-economic status of those involved in the pig
and pork sector?
9. Study sites
3 townships in the Yangon region:
• Production scale: Super large (1,000+ pigs); large (70 to 1,000 pigs); Medium (30 to 70
pigs); Small (less than 30 pigs);
• Geographical location: Urban; Peri-urban; Rural.
2 villages/wards per township:
• Active in pig farming;
• Representative of the type of pig farming in the respective townships.
11. Data collection methodologies
• In-depth individual interviews with multiple stakeholders (June – December 2016)
From farm to table: farmers, pig slaughterers, pork vendors, pork consumers
• Focus group discussions (June – December 2016)
Farmers and pork consumers
• Ethnographic observation (2 days/farm, December 2016 – March 2017)
Farmers
12. What data?
• In-depth individual interviews with multiple stakeholders
Livelihood options;
Perceived risk of pig diseases and their effects on livelihood;
• Focus group discussions
Dynamics and driving factors of pig/pork sector;
Socio-economic status of those involved in pig business;
• Ethnographic observation
Deeper understanding of behaviour, perceptions and actions around pig raising.
13. Study participants
Stakeholder # people
interviewed/
village
Total # people
interviewed
# focus group
discussions/
village
Total # FDG
conducted
Farmers 4 28 2 12
Slaughterers 2 12 NA NA
Slaughterhouse
workers
2 12 NA NA
Pork vendors 2 12 NA NA
Pork
consumers
2 12 1 6
Total 12 76 3 18
14. Socio-economic costs: household-level
Productivity loss and associated economic costs
• Diseased piglets do not gain weight;
• Sick pigs are sold at a lower price:
regular price of commercial breed = $170 – 205 US
price of sick pigs = $165 – 200 US;
• Dead pigs need to be buried or may be sold at $45 US;
• Diseased sows may give still birth:
Piglets can be sold at around $100 US;
• Economic losses for resource-poor, cash-constraint households:
Implications on paying off loans (20% interest rate);
Difficulty in financing household needs (emergency and/or expensive health care
costs, children’s education).
15. Socio-economic costs: household-level
Increase in costs for treatment and prevention due to the veterinary health system
• Limited veterinary health care provision alongside increase in livestock population:
Increased demand for livestock production with limited number of staffs;
Application of veterinary drugs requires a qualified vet;
Number of staffs of the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD)
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Vets 1,050 1,028 1,141 1,037 1,087 1,187 1,172 1,334
Others 891 818 671 521 799 1,354 1,757 1,838
Total 1,941 1,846 1,812 1,558 1,886 2,541 2,929 3,172
16. Socio-economic costs: household-level
Increase in costs for treatment and prevention due to the veterinary health system
• National diagnostic laboratories:
The number of samples sent by farmers is limited;
Sampling techniques not familiar to farmers;
Limited diagnostic testing done;
• Vaccination for PRRS approved by LBVD in 2017:
Small-scale producers are not encouraged to use vaccination they are left with
farm management techniques and use of antimicrobials;
• Unauthorized and irrational use of antimicrobials;
• Traditional preventive measure (e.g. lime powder) effective?
17. Socio-economic costs: sector-level
Variation in pig prices (correspond to prevalence of pig diseases)
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Price: commercial breed (MMK/viss)
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Price: local breed (MMK/viss)
19. Socio-economic costs: sector-level
Variation in pig prices
• Complex supply chain that involves multiple stakeholders
Enforcing traceability is challenging;
• Product differentiation non-existent;
• Consumers: aware of pig diseases in rural setting, are unsure of the quality of meat and
animals being slaughtered;
• Consumer willingness/ability to pay for an insured quality of meat is unclear;
• Demand decrease in pig disease season pig and pork prices decrease;
• Farmers risk selling pigs at lower prices;
• Some avoid raising pigs for 3-4 months in the disease-prone season (June-September)
lost income opportunity.
20. Socio-economic costs: sector-level
Health risks through pork consumption and pig-related occupation
• Zoonotic pathogens are found at farms and slaughterhouses;
• These pathogens are resistant to certain antimicrobials:
Resistance can be transmitted to humans;
• The degree of exposure to these pathogens vary across stakeholders;
Farmers and slaughterers > vendors and consumers?
Meat is thoroughly cooked and no raw animal parts are consumed except “pork
sticks”;
Stigmatization toward those involved in killing animals (Buddhist concept)
Getting insights at slaughterhouses is challenging.
21. On-going interventions and challenges
Preventive guidelines for PRRS virus suggested by OIE (OIE, 2008)
• Vaccine use;
• Controlling incoming replacement gilts;
• Enforcing biosecurity (e.g. movement restriction, disinfection, etc);
• Whole herd depopulation/repopulation;
• Diagnostic testing of herd health;
What are socio-economic factors that prevent countries like Myanmar to follow these
guidelines?
22. On-going interventions and challenges
National Control Strategy (8 Road Map)
1. Policy and management
2. Surveillance and reporting
3. Outbreak response and restocking
4. Farm biosecurity
5. Trade biosecurity
6. Risk communication and education
7. Research
8. Vaccination
23. On-going interventions and challenges
• Access to PRRS vaccination
Policy revision recently completed to allow PRRS vaccination in 2017;
Highly controversial: large-scale vs small-scale farmers’ needs and financial
capability to take advantage;
Small-scale farmers are not advised to use vaccine;
• Controlling incoming replacement gilts;
Keeping a sow is too expensive for many boar rental;
Boar owners act as veterinary care providers and credit providers financial safety
network in the absence of affordable credit scheme;
• Travelling Boar Management and Promoting Artificial Insemination
24. On-going interventions and challenges
• Enforcing biosecurity and whole herd depopulation/repopulation
Backyard-farming setting and lack of space;
Supply chains involving multiple actors;
• Diagnostic testing of herd health
Strong history of microbiological laboratories;
Collaboration with various partners to strengthen lab capacity;
Number of samples processed remain relatively low.
25. On-going interventions and challenges
OIE guidelines need to be implemented with:
• Increased communication among laboratories, veterinary care providers and farmers
Understanding the current state of communication and challenges behind them;
• Increased knowledge among stakeholders
Understanding of disease transmission varies across stakeholders needs for
incentivizing disease control measures depending on stakeholders;
Product differentiation as a way to create value to the pig industry?
Shorter supply chains may reduce disease spread and help gain consumer
confidence;
• Strengthening veterinary health system
Understanding the current veterinary care providers and their qualification;
Formalizing Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) under policy revision.
27. (Veterinary or Animal Health Workforce)
Strengths Best practices
Updated nationwide animal population census by
Livestock Breeding and veterinary Department
Veterinary Coverage to sub-national level
(80%)
Joint FETP training between DOPH & LBVD
VS of of Myanmar had been evaluated by OIE
• LBVD, OIE, WAHIS, ARAHIS notification
• Livestock Statistic available
• Animal Census Piloting in 2017 and expend nation
wide
• 3172 LBVD staff at 295 townships providing
Veterinary Services
• 92587 Community Animal Heralth Workers (CAHW)
trained
• 20 veterinarians included in country FETP training
programme
• LBVD follow OIE PVS report, Gap analysis
recommendation
28. First PRRS stakeholder meeting
• A stakeholder meeting organized by FAO/LBVD for PRRS/CSF disease
control was conducted 22nd November 2011 at Yangon.
• A Feedback Report to Deputy Minister, Senior Officials from Livestock
Sector 24th November at NayPyiTaw.
• A 5 year planned strategic frame work consisting of 7 strategic frame
works
Objectives
• To reduce impact caused by swine diseases including PRRS and reduce
new incursion of emerging swine diseases
• To strengthen swine disease control process at national level
• To reduce the risk of reemerging swine diseases
29. Stakeholder meeting for pig disease control
(3-11-2016)
Review and revised National Pig Disease Control Strategy