Sociocultural factors
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Second Language Acquisition
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Sociocultural factors
- 1. 1
- 2. 2 is a dynamic system of rules, explicit and implicit, established by groups in order to ensure their survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors, shared by a group but harbored differently by each specific unit within the group, communicated across generations, relatively stable but with the potential to change across time" Culture -Matsumoto (2004, p.24)
- 3. 3 "It governs our behavior in groups, makes us sensitive to matters of status, and helps us to know what others expect of us and what will happen if we do not live up to those expectations."- Brown (2007, p. 188) Culture It is "a blueprint of people in a community and is incubated in family life." - Larson and Smalley (1972, p. 39)
- 4. 4 is a part of every human being, when we acquire a second language we also acquire a second culture, unless the acquisition is instrumental."- Brown (2007, p. 190) “Culture establishes for each person a context of cognitive and affective behavior; a blueprint for personal and social existence.”-Brown (1980, p.123)
- 5. 5
- 6. This means…
- 11. CULTURE SHOCK
- 12. CULTURE SHOCK SUCCESSIVE STAGES OF CULTURE ACQUISITION
- 13. This can be caused by…
- 15. SOCIAL DISTANCE John Schumann (1976, p.136) describes social distance as consisting of the following parameters:
- 16. or
- 18. CULTURAL NORMS MISMATCH Geert Hofstede (1986) identified 4 conceptual categories to study cultural norms…
- 22. Thank you !
Editor's Notes
- Culture is dynamic, meaning that culture changes overtime in response to environmental and social changes. One could talk about US culture, but also the culture of an individual. The group's attitudes, beliefs, values and norms are the social representation which has been internalized by its members.
- First info - Talk about the Saudi culture Second info – play the video
- Generalizations are helpful – are used consciously and analytically, descriptive and seek to be accurate Stereotypes are harmful therefore they tend to be negative bec they are used unconsciously and reactively. Judgmental Example: traffic Culture differences must be learnt and accepted when learning an L2. Turn individual perception into appreciation.
- Talk about the experience in Saudi.
- Talk about the
- 1. Dominance- In relation to the target language group, is the L2 group politically, culturally, technically, or economically dominant, non-dominant, or subordinate? 2. Integration- Is the integration pattern of the L2 group assimilation, acculturation, or preservation? What is the L2 group's degree of enclosure- its identity separate from other contiguous groups? 3. Cohesiveness- Is the L2 group cohesive? What is the size of the L2 group? 4. Congruence- Are the cultures of the two groups congruent- similar in their value and belief systems? What is the attitude of the two groups toward each other? 5. Permanence- What is the L2 group's intended length of residence in the target language area? The hypothesis states that the greater the social distance between the two cultures, the greater the difficulty to learn the target language and vice versa; the smaller the social distance the better will be the language learning. Bad: When both language groups view themselves as dominant. The groups have negative attitudes towards each other. No assimilation for the L2 groups desired. Good: Two cultures are congruent. Assimilation, or at least acculturation for the L2 group, is desired. Positive attitudes towards each other. Intended length of stay is long.
- Individualism – self- centered; looks after his/her interest Power distance- in this dimension, inequality and power is perceived from the followers, or the lower strata. A higher degree of the Index indicates that hierarchy is clearly established and executed in society, without doubt or reason. A lower degree of the Index signifies that people question authority and attempt to distribute power. Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.” The uncertainty avoidance index is defined as “a society's tolerance for ambiguity,” in which people embrace or avert an event of something unexpected, unknown, or away from the status quo.
- Turn our classrooms into an ENGLISH FOR SECOND LANGUAGE classroom Where in the classroom is the cultural environment and the teacher becomes the source of the culture and becomes the native speaker of the new environment.
- 2. Learning a second language is inseparable from learning a second culture, yet the process of acquiring a second language identity is not a “magic carpet ride” that happens automatically and effortlessly in a foreign language classroom. Neither can culture be learned as a list of facts.