Society, School and Teacher (B.ed Hons)

1. SOCIETY
AND
COMMUNITY

2. SOCIETY DEFINITION
Word society has been taken over from Latin word
Socius which means companion or associate.
Definitions of society: Giddings: “Society is the
union itself, the organization, the sum of formal
relations in which associating individuals are bound
together.”

3. According to A.W. Green: “A society is largest
group to which any individual belongs”. He
further says that “a society is made up of a
population, organization, time, place and
interest.”
According to Maciver: “Society is a system of
usages and procedures, of authority and mutual
aid, of many groupings and divisions, of controls
of human behavior and of liberties.

4. • According to Cooley: “Society is a
complex of forms or possess each of
which is living and growing by
interaction with the others, the whole
being so unified that what takes place in
one part affects all the rest.”
• Society is the web of social relationship.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
• Society is abstract.
• No one is independent.
• Organization and disorganization.
• Likeness and differences.
• Conflict and co-operation.
• Elements of solidarity.
• Self sufficient.

6. THEORIES REGARDING THE ORIGIN
AND NATURE OF SOCIETY.
• Contract theories.
• Thomas Hobbes: He propounded this theory
in his book leviathan. He is of view that in the
period of state of nature human beings were
selfish and were fighting with each other. Later
on to save them from the devastation of their
selfish nature they entered in a contract
known as the social contract.

7. • Johan lock: He in his book ON THE CIVIL
GOVERNMENT said that in the state of the
nature human being were not selfish and were
not fighting with each other but their exist
some evil conditions. He termed these evil
conditions as ILL CONDTIONS.
• These ill conditions were the presence of
corruption and other social evils.

8. • J.J rossue: he in his book social contract
mentioned that human being in the state of
nature were not selfish and were not fighting
with each other. They were innocent, they
were not known with any vice and virtue, they
were not acquainted with right or wrong.
• Later on some evil conditions and corruption
erupted in the society this deteriorated to the
society and in the consequences they entered
in the contract for the establishment of the
society.

9. • Views of imam Ghazalli.
• Shah Walliullah.
• Organismic theory of the nature of the society.
• This theory is being propounded by Hebert
spencer.
•
• Sustaining system.
• The distributary system, &
• The regulating system in an organism,
•

10. COMMUNITY
• Definition: Community is a group of people
having common territory, culture, geography,
element of we feeling and self sufficiency.
• Bertrand: Functionally related aggregate of
people who live in a particular geographical
locality at a particular time, show a common
culture are arranged in a social structure and
exhibit an awareness of their uniqueness and
separate identity as group.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMUNITY
• A group of people living together in an area
fulfilling their needs by mutual co-operation.
• A group of people having a sense of belonging
to place of residence creates a sentiment of
community.
• Community is a group having a common
culture.

12. TYPES OF COMMUNITY
• Rural community
• Urban community

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL
AND URBAN COMMUNITY
• Rural community
• Small population
• Lack in
administrative
organization
• Absence of big social
institution.
• Agrarian in nature
• Scattered housing
• Urban community
• Large population.
• Presence of modern
facilities.
• Modern recreation.
• Expanding social
institution.
• Division of labor.
• Heterogeneity.
• Fast interaction.

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIETY AND
COMMUNITY.
• A society is a large
aggregate of people.
• The society has its
limited geographical
boundary.
• The people in a
society form a loose
group because
social interaction
among all in such
huge population is
not possible.
• A community is a
small group of
people.
• Community has no
such rigidity in area.
• The people in
community have
close social
interaction and
develop into a group
with strong social
solidarity.

15. • Society
• No we- feeling .
• General culture.
• Self sufficiency is
hardly is to be
followed.
• Face to face
interaction is not
always possible.
• Community
• Having element of
we- feeling.
• Local culture.
• More or less self
sufficient.
• Face to face
interaction is to be
found.