The document discusses ocean observatories and the paradigm changes in ocean observation. It notes two key paradigm changes: 1) observation has shifted from ship-based to multi-platform systems, and 2) data is now available in near real-time rather than 12-24 months after collection. It advocates addressing these changes through integrated observing and forecasting systems using multiple platforms like research infrastructures and observatories. An example is given of such a system in the Mediterranean.