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Social Stories™
The document outlines the development and application of Social StoriesTM, which are tailored narratives designed to explain social situations, skills, or concepts to individuals, particularly those with special educational needs. It details ten criteria for creating effective Social Stories, including elements such as audience consideration, tone, and a structured format, emphasizing clarity and supportiveness. The guide emphasizes the importance of accurately communicating information and tailoring stories to individual preferences to enhance comprehension and engagement.
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Social Stories™
- 1. Jennifer Penzenik Social Stories™ SpecialEducation District of Lake County
- 2. What are SocialStories™? “A Social Story ™ describes a situation, skill, or concept according to ten defining criteria. These criteria guide story development to ensure an overall patient and supportive quality, and a format, “voice,” and relevant content that is descriptive, meaningful, and physically, socially, and emotionally safe for the Audience. The criteria define what a Social Story ™ is, and the process that researches, writes, and illustrates it.”
- 3. Video from CarolGray
- 4. Social Story™ Vocabulary TheAuthor is you, or any person! who develops the Social Story™! The Author ! follows the ten criteria to create the story for the Audience. The Audience is the person that the Social Story™ ! is written for based on their age, gender, ability, ! personality, preferences and interests. Author: Audience:
- 5. Social Story™ 10.1Criteria 1. One Goal! 2. Two Part Discovery! 3. Three Parts and a Title! 4. FOURmat! 5. Five Factors Define Voice and Vocabulary! 6. Six Questions Guide Story Development ! 7. Seven Types of Sentences! 8. A Gr-eight Formula! 9. Nine Makes it Mine! 10. Ten Guides to Editing and Implementation
- 6. 1.One Goal “The goalof developing Social Stories ™ is to improve understanding and expectations. It is not meant to merely tell a child what to do, as you have probably already done so. The focus is on the underlying cause of frustration and misinformation.” ! ! “The purpose is to share accurate information with a process, format, voice, and content that is descriptive, meaningful and physically, socially, and emotionally safe. Social Stories ™ always have a patient and reassuring tone.”
- 7. 2.Two-Step Discovery The Authorgathers information: ! ! 1. To Improve their understanding of the Audience regarding a situation, skill, concept. ! ! 2. Identify the specific topic(s) and type(s) of information to share in the Story. ✤ Eliminates the desire to prematurely chose a topic! ✤ Gets the classroom team’s perspective ! ✤ Conducting two observations is required: ! ✤ “Fly on the wall” and middle of the action! ✤ Is the main step in developing a Social Story™! ✤ Topic Discovery Vs. Invented Topic
- 8. ThreeTypes of SocialStories™ The News! “The News is objective information that describes the targeted situation, concept, or skill.” Ways to Think about the News! “Information that describes how to effectively process The News, including cognitive processing, problem solving, and/or conflict resolution strategies.” Connections and Implications! “Information that describes the relationship between past, present, and ! future experiences and learning.”
- 9. Retrieved from: TheNew Social Story™ Book by Carol Gray
- 10. 3.Three Parts andaTitle “ A Social Story™ has a title and introduction that clearly identifies the topic, a body that adds detail, and a conclusion that reinforces and summarizes the information.” ! ! ! ! ✤ A Social Story™ has a minimum of three sentences. ! ! ✤ The format helps to:! ✤ Identify (introduction)! ✤ Describe (body)! ✤ Reinforce (conclusion)
- 11. What to DoWhen I’m Done with My Gum When chewing gum is done, the best plan is to wrap it in a small piece of paper before throwing it away. Sometimes, people save the gum wrapper in a pocket while they are chewing the gum. Then, when the gum is done, they use it to wrap the gum before throwing it away. This is a good plan. If a person doesn’t have a small piece of paper, its okay to throw gum into a waste basket without it. When I am done with my gum, I will try to wrap it and throw it away in a waste basket. ■ Story #69 The New Social Story Book, 10th Anniversary Edition © by Carol Gray, Future Horizons, Inc. Introduction Body Conclusion
- 12. 4.FOURmat “A Social Story™ has a format that clarifies content and enhances ! meaning for the Audience.” ! ✤ Format development is selected based on the needs of the Audience and how they will best understand the content. ! ! ✤ Audience needs (and age) will determine length, sentence structure, vocabulary, font size/color/style, and illustrations.! ! ✤ For a younger child a story should be approximately three to twelve sentences. If a topic cannot be completed in that short amount, a Social Story™ Set can be developed. ! ! ✤ Consider repetition, rhythm, and rhyme. ! ! ✤ Illustrations can include ANY visual that summarizes the content, highlights important information, increases comprehension, and elicits engagement.
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- 14. 5.Five Factors DefineVoice/Vocabulary “ASocial Story™ has a patient and supportive “voice” and vocabulary ! that is defined by five factors. These factors are:” ! 1. First-or Third- Person Perspective! ! 2. Positive and Patient Tone! ! 3. Past, Present, and/or Future Tense! ! 4. Literal Accuracy! ! 5. Accurate Vocabulary
- 15. 115. Learning aboutDirections at School! ! Sometimes teachers, or other school staff, tell students what to do. They give students directions.! ! Directions help students work, learn, and play together. Directions help to keep students safe, too.! ! There are two parts to a direction. The first is giving the direction. Teachers often do that. Teachers give directions to me and everyone else in my class. The second is following the direction. That’s the students’ job.! ! I am learning about directions at school. Directions help a class work, learn, and play safely together. 1. First-or Third- Person Perspective! ! 2. Positive and Patient Tone! ! 3. Past, Present, and/or Future Tense! ! 4. Literal Accuracy! ! 5. Accurate Vocabulary Find the Five Factors
- 16. 6. Six QuestionsGuide Story Development “A Social Story™ answers relevant “wh” questions, describing the context (where); time-related information (when); relevant people (who); important cues (what); basic activities, behaviors, or statements (how); and the reasons and/or rationale behind them (why).” ! Not all “wh” questions are required to be answered, however, they should be considered.
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- 18. 7. SevenTypes ofSocial Story™ Sentences ! ! 1. Descriptive Sentences: Objective statements of fact and/or the information that “everyone knows.”! ! 2. Perspective Sentences: Describe the thoughts, feelings, and/or beliefs of other people. ! ! 3. Sentences that Coach the Audience: Gently guide the behavior e.g., I will try, I may choose, etc,.! ! 4. Sentences that Coach the Team: Define the role of another person, e.g., My mom will ______. ! ! 5. Sentences for Self-Coaching: Audience can take control of the situation and use a personal strategy. ! ! 6. Affirmative Sentences: Used to stress the important point, refer to rules and laws, or to reassure. ! ! 7. Partial Sentences: Fill-in-the-blank that allow for Audience participation.
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- 20. 8.A GR-EIGHT Formula ! “Oneformula type and seven sentence types ensures that every Social Story™ describes more than directs.” DESCRIBE Descriptive Perspective Affirmative COACH Coach the Team Coach the Audience Self-Coaching >
- 21. Retrieved from: TheNew Social Story™ Book by Carol Gray
- 22. 9.Nine Makes itMine ! “Whenever possible, a Social Story™ is tailored to the individual’s preferences, talents, and interests of its Audience.” ✤ Consider the Audience’s:! ! ✤ Experiences! ! ✤ Relationships! ! ✤ Interests! ! ✤ Preferences
- 23. 10.Ten Guides toEditing and Implementation 1. Edit: Include the team, review the 10 Criteria, make revisions. ! ! 2. Plan For Comprehension: Check text and illustrations for understanding.! ! 3. Plan Story Support: How to present the Story to increase comprehension (ppt, poster, etc,.). ! ! 4. Plan Story Review: When it will be read. Never read a Story for punishment.! ! 5. Plan a Positive Instruction: Introduce in a calm and comforting way.! ! 6. Monitor: Observe Audience’s response. Is it going as planned? Why or why not?! ! 7. Organize Stories: Keep them organized!! ! 8. Mix & Match Stories to Build Concepts: Combine to make a series (e.g., a party).! ! 9. Story Re-Runs and Sequels: They never ‘retire’. Keep for future use.! ! 10. Recycle Instruction into Applause: Use to applause the mastered skill.
- 24. References Gray, Carol. 2010.The New Social Story Book. Arlington, Texas: ! ! Future Horizons.