Social mobility refers to movement between social classes or statuses. It can occur when one changes occupations but maintains the same social standing, such as a doctor becoming a medical professor. Poverty exists when income is too low to meet basic needs and can be absolute, relative, situational, or generational. Social inequality involves unequal opportunities and outcomes based on social positions or statuses in areas like income, wealth, education, and health. It can be measured through inequality of conditions, like unequal distribution of wealth and housing, or inequality of opportunities, such as unequal access to education or treatment in the justice system.

2. Social Mobility:
•Social mobility is the movement of
individuals, families, households, or other
categories of people within or
between social strata in a society. It is a
change in social status relative to one's
current social location within a given
society.

3. • This occurs when a person changes their
occupation but their overall social standing remains
unchanged.
• For example: if a doctor goes from practicing
medicine to teaching in a medical school, the
occupation's changed but their prestige and social
standing likely remain the same.

4. Poverty:
• Poverty is a state or
condition in which a
person or community
lacks the financial
resources and essentials
for a minimum standard
of living. Poverty means
that the income level from
employment is so low that
basic human needs can't be
met.

5. Absolute poverty:
Absolute poverty is a
condition where
household income is
below a necessary
level to maintain
basic living standards
(food, shelter,
housing)

6. Relative poverty
Relative poverty is a condition
where household income is a
certain percentage below
median incomes.
Example: A person who has
just enough money to pay
their bills and a bus pass,
but no extra money for
anything else.

7. Situational poverty:
Situational poverty is a
period wherein an individual
falls below the poverty line
because of a sudden event.
Situational poverty can be
caused by a range of
factors.
Such as: a divorce, death
of the family head, illness,
a natural disaster or loss
of job

8. Generational poverty:
• Generational
poverty occurs in
families where at
least two
generations have
been born into
poverty. Families
living in this type of
poverty are not
equipped with the
tools to move out of
their situations.

10. Social inequality:
•Social inequality is characterized by the
existence of unequal opportunities and rewards
for different social positions or statuses within a
group or society. It contains structured and
recurrent patterns of unequal distributions of
goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and
punishments.

11. Ways to measure social inequality:
There are two main ways to measure
social inequality:
•Inequality of conditions
•Inequality of opportunities

12. Inequality of conditions
• Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution
of income, wealth, material goods & Housing.
For example, is inequality of conditions with the homeless
and those living in housing projects sitting at the bottom of
the hierarchy while those living in multi-million dollar
mansions sit at the top.

13. Inequality of opportunities
• Inequality of opportunities refers to the unequal
distribution of life chances across individuals. This is
reflected in measures such as level of education, health
status, and treatment by the criminal justice system.
For example, women are systematically paid less than men
for doing the same work

14. Race & Ethnicity:
• Race refers to a category of people who share certain
inherited physical characteristics, such as skin color, facial
features, and stature.
• Ethnicity refers to the shared social, cultural, and historical
experiences, stemming from common national or regional
backgrounds, that make subgroups of a population
different from one another.

15. • Racial and ethnic inequality in the United States is
reflected in income, employment, education, and health
statistics. In their daily lives, whites enjoy many privileges
denied to their counterparts in other racial and ethnic
groups.