1) The document discusses four approaches - social description, social history, sociology of knowledge, and models from cultural anthropology - for understanding the Gospel of Mark through a social criticism lens. 2) Social description involves understanding the social setting and interactions by reconstructing what is needed to film the story. Social history examines the broader sociopolitical forces that shaped Jesus' ministry and the Gospels' writing. 3) Sociology of knowledge reconstructs the cultural worldviews that legitimated social order. Models from cultural anthropology map cultural dynamics like kinship, power relations, and purity rules to analyze the society.