The video shows a 4th grade social studies class learning about how the printing press has affected their lives through a lesson based on Social Cognitive Theory. The teacher, Mr. Hogan, models the behaviors he wants to see from students during class discussions. He instructs students to think in pairs and then share with the class. Mr. Hogan listens actively during the class forum and summarizes the discussion. The students observe their teacher and peers to learn productive interpersonal skills to participate successfully in the lesson.
Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory.
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
Social Learning Theory with A perspective of social work. How social workers can use this theory for understanding behavioral issues of their clients for their better rehabilitation and psychotherapy as well.
These slides contains the introduction of Albert Bandura. its all about his biography.
Birthdate: December 4, 1925
Birthplace: Mundane in northern Alberta, Canada
He is the youngest child, and only son, in a family of six.
Both of his parents had immigrated to Canada when they were both adolescents; his father from Krakow, Poland and his mother from the Ukraine.
Due to the shortage of teachers and resources, learning was left largely to the students' own initiative.
According to Bandura, because of this limited access to educational resources, the students had to take charge of their own education.
Bandura’s elementary and high school years were spent at the one and only school in town.
Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory.
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
Social Learning Theory with A perspective of social work. How social workers can use this theory for understanding behavioral issues of their clients for their better rehabilitation and psychotherapy as well.
These slides contains the introduction of Albert Bandura. its all about his biography.
Birthdate: December 4, 1925
Birthplace: Mundane in northern Alberta, Canada
He is the youngest child, and only son, in a family of six.
Both of his parents had immigrated to Canada when they were both adolescents; his father from Krakow, Poland and his mother from the Ukraine.
Due to the shortage of teachers and resources, learning was left largely to the students' own initiative.
According to Bandura, because of this limited access to educational resources, the students had to take charge of their own education.
Bandura’s elementary and high school years were spent at the one and only school in town.
Learning
Learning can be defined in many ways, but most psychologists would agree that it is a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. During the first half of the twentieth century, the school of thought known as behaviorism rose to dominate psychology and sought to explain the learning process.
The three major types of learning described by behavioral psychology are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism was the school of thought in psychology that sought to measure only observable behaviors.
Founded by John B. Watson and outlined in his seminal 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, the behaviorist standpoint held that psychology was an experimental and objective science and that internal mental processes should not be considered because they could not be directly observed and measured.
Watson's work included the famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a small child to fear a white rat. Behaviorism dominated psychology for much of the early twentieth century. While behavioral approaches remain important today, the latter part of the century was marked by the emergence of humanistic psychology, biological psychology, and cognitive psychology.Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response.
For example, in Pavlov's classic experiment, the smell of food was the naturally occurring stimulus that was paired with the previously neutral ringing of the bell. Once an association had been made between the two, the sound of the bell alone could lead to a response.
How Classical Conditioning Works
Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning process in which the probability of a response occurring is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment. First studied by Edward Thorndike and later by B.F. Skinner, the underlying idea behind operant conditioning is that the consequences of our actions shape voluntary behavior.
Skinner described how reinforcement could lead to increases in behaviors where punishment would result in decreases. He also found that the timing of when reinforcements were delivered influenced how quickly a behavior was learned and how strong the response would be. The timing and rate of reinforcement are known as schedules of reinforcement.
How Operant Conditioning Works
Observational Learning
Observational learning is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others. Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that in addition to learning through conditioning, people also learn through observing and imitating the actions of others.As demonstrated in his classic "Bobo Doll" experiments, people will imitate the actions of others without direct reinforcement. Four important elements are essential for effective observational
Benefits of Cooperative Learning in the ClassroomDr. Aries Cobb
Dr. Aries Cobb is a Scholar & Senior Research Scientist with a wealth of knowledge about Computer -Assisted Instruction (CAI) and Technology-Supported Cooperative Learning. Dr. Aries Cobb has published national & refereed journal articles, book chapters, a book on the subject matter. Dr. Aries Cobb prepared a persuasive reaction statement in the -form of a PowerPoint presentation -to cooperative learning—either in support of or against its use in the classroom. Dr. Aries Cobb, Faculty, Instructor, and Lecturer for Curriculum and Foundations and Multicultural Engagement at CSU. Dr. Aries Cobb has presented professional development and taught courses at the collegiate level in Instructional Technology Distance Education (ITDE). Dr. Aries Cobb has served as the Principal Investigator of EETT (Enhancing Education Through Technology) at CMSD, & BWU's young scholar program. Dr. Aries Cobb the lead Principal Investigator at CMSD, for Enhancing Education through Technology (EETT) for the Cleveland Metropolitan School District. Dr. Aries Cobb has over 13 years of experience as a grant manager and grant writer for funding sources of $400,500.00 or more per year. Dr. Aries Cobb is an expert in the field of Technology-Supported Cooperative Learning, Distance Education, Computer- Assisted Instruction (CAI), Instructional Technology (IT), Educational Technology, Assistive & Adaptive Equipment, e-Portfolio, Assistive Technology.
ariescobb.com
I was assigned to be a moderator for one week in the Psych.Foundations of Education course that I am taking this semester. I prepared this presentation as an overview of Social Cognitive Views of Learning, the topic that was discussed during that week.
adult teaching methods and Av techniques ch 1&2.pptfuad80
Education
it is the process of imparting knowledge, values, skills and attitudes, which can be beneficial to an individual.
2. It is acquired by individuals.
3. It is something that one gets at some point in their life.
4. it is a formal process.
5. it is knowledge gained through teaching.
This presentation is part of a course on Building a positive behaviour classroom. Teachers are encouraged to review the range of approaches to managing behaviour and develop their own.
Similar to Social Cognitive Theory Application Product 3 (20)
1. Social Cognitive Theory
of Learning
Theory Application Product – Web 2.0 Project
University of Southern California
Education 518 Section 27716
March 2, 2014
Dr. Corinne Hyde
2. Social Cognitive Theory
• Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) was originally called Social Learning
Theory.
• Developed by Albert Bandura during his research at Stanford
University from 1953 to 2010.
• His theory focuses on how and what people learn by observing
others and how it may or may not impact their behavior.
• Early in his research Bandura focused on how people acquired
behaviors and the effects of reinforcement and punishment. These
behaviorist concepts contributed to the early development of SCT.
• As psychological research moved toward studying cognitive
processes, Bandura integrated this new approach into his research
and theory. In order to reflect the importance of this area of
research, he changed the name of his theory.
Source: Ormrod, 2014
3. Bandura’s
Development of SCT
1953
Accepts
Professorship
at Stanford
University
Research on
Aggression &
Behavior
Modification
1963
1977
Conducts Bobo Doll
Experiment modeling
aggressive behaviors
toward dolls with three
groups assigned a model
that was punished,
rewarded or no
consequence, for their
aggressive behavior .
Published
Social
Learning
Theory
Research on Social
Learning, Personality
Development &
Behavior Modification
1986
Published
Social
Foundations
of Thought
and Action: A
Social
Cognitive
Theory
Development of
SCT and
Research on
Self-Efficacy
1995
Published Self
Efficacy in
Changing
Societies
Source: http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/bandura.htm, 1999
4. Basic Assumptions of
Social Cognitive Learning:
Learn by Observing
Others
Cognitive Processes Effect
Learning and Behavior
Models can be live, symbolic
or provide verbal instructions.
They provide information to
be cognitively processed as a
behavior an individual may
imitate, avoid or not act upon
at all.
Learn by
Observing
Others
Source: Ormrod, 2014
Self Regulation Increases
With Age
Individuals set goals based on what
they think they can achieve. One’s
perceived level of self efficacy effects
how hard he or she might apply
themselves in the pursuit of set
goals.
Learning is an
Internal
Process
Cognitive Processes
Effect Learning and
Behavior
Learning is an
Internal Process
Learning may or
may not be
accompanied by a
change in current
or future behavior.
A young child requires constant
guidance in order to achieve
goals. As an individual
matures, he or she will take
more ownership of goals and
becomes more aware of the
need to monitor and control
their behavior in order to
achieve these goals.
People and their
environment
continually
influence each
other
Self Regulation
Increases with
Maturity
People & Their
Environment
Continually Interact
Reciprocal Causation refers
to this constant interaction
between a person, their
environment and their
behavior.
5. Strengths
•
•
•
Weaknesses
A comprehensive theory
that takes human
behavior, cognition and
environment into
account.
Addresses how
reinforcement and
punishment as well as
self-efficacy effect
motivation and how an
individual will work to
attain goals.
Focuses on the
importance of selfregulation in learning.
•
Strengths and
Weaknesses
Of Social Cognitive
Theory
Source: Ormrod, 2014
•
Does not address full
complexities of human
differences beyond
acknowledging that they
exist. Does not focus on
personality traits,
biological differences,
mood, etc., when
explaining behaviors and
their associated cognitive
processes.
Loosely organized theory
with few research based
systematic procedures or
protocols to follow in the
classroom.
6. 01.25
Children shared with the class what
they learned from their partners.
00.19
Mr. Hogan instructs
his class to, “Think,
Pair, Share” based on
a question of how
the printing press
has effected their
lives.
04:15-15:38
Mr. Hogan models behaviors he wants the children
to exhibit during the class forum.
02:52
Whole class
forum. Mr.
Hogan instructs
the students to,
“…listen and
respond to each
others ideas
about the
passage from
the text.
15.38-17.46
Mr. Hogan
summarized key
themes from his
notes he took
during the class
discussion.
Source: 4th Grade Canoga Park
https://2sc.rossieronline.usc.edu/mod/assignment/view.php?id=50743
7. Mr. Hogan as a Model
•
•
•
•
Gave verbal
instructions of how to
act in pairs as well as
in the class forum.
Was a good listener
and took notes on
discussion.
Addressed class, gave
his opinion on what
others said, and cited
them by name and
point.
Summarized findings.
Many Hands Make Light
the Work
Learn by
Observing
Others
Collective
Self Efficacy
Reading, Speaking & Writing
These 4th Graders read a nonfiction text, reflected and made
connections with the
information, discussed it with a
peer, presented with the class
and took notes that allowed
them to summarize what they
learned from the lesson.
Multiple
Modes of
Information
Exposure
Increases
Retention
Productive
Interpersonal
Behaviors
Source: Ormrod, 2014
Learners may believe they
can achieve more difficult
tasks if they work in a
group as there are multiple
people working to support
the whole. A student is
more likely to engage in a
task if they believe they can
successfully complete it.
Small Working Groups
Interpersonal skills are
needed to be successful on
the playground, in the
classroom, in families,
friendships and work.
Small working groups help
hone important
interpersonal skills.
8. Environment:
•
•
•
In the video, the children have notes as well as
rules on how to conduct themselves during
class forums.
The students see their teacher as a
competent, successful individual, and want to
emulate his enthusiasm for the topic as well
as his behaviors.
The learners see their peers engaging in the
modeled behaviors and also want to take part
in the social learning environment.
Environment
Individual
Person
Reciprocal
Causation
There is a continual
interaction between a
person and how they
choose to perceive
their environment.
Some of these
interactions can be
observed in the
responsive behaviors
exhibited by that
individual.
Individual Person:
•
•
•
Self-regulation is utilized by the
students in order to follow the process
of the lesson and be able to answer the
teacher assigned questions.
Use of well developed interpersonal
skills in order to complete the lesson
assignment without upsetting people.
Development of self-efficacy after
receiving direct or vicarious
reinforcement from Mr. Hogan on their
successful participation.
Behaviors
Behaviors:
•
Source: Ormrod, 2014
Multiple raised hands and active engagement in a
challenging discussion while adhering to the class rules.
9. Reflection on Benefits of Social
Cognitive Learning
Working together,
we achieve more
because we have a
higher self efficacy.
When we believe we
have a high chance
of success, we are
motivated to
endeavor harder
and longer on more
difficult goals.
Source:
Ormrod, 2014
After working in a
group, we have a
greater
understanding of
how to achieve a
task, and may be
able to achieve
more difficult tasks
on our own in the
future.
10. • Lesson Redesign:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Instead of the whole class sharing, each table group
would create one brief outline of the main concepts of
the positive impact of the printing press and how it
effects us today.
One representative from the group would share
findings.
Teacher would take notes on board to model the type
of notes students should take during discussion.
Students should update their outline with any missing
concepts and hand in for assessment by teacher.
Class discussion of items or processes in our world that
are very expensive and list on board. Model invention
development for one idea.
Construct an invention poster in small groups to create
an invention that would solve an expensive barrier in
your world today.
• Learning Objective In the Video
•
The student will be able to discuss the
invention of the printing press and
how it influenced our world today
with a partner.
Sources:
1. http://weblogs.pbspaces.com/mrgoldstein2011/10/13/3coursegum-invention-poster-by-max-j-alec-b-daniel-g-lindsay-m/
2. http://www.sparkinsight.com/factlets