This document discusses social accounting, which is a process that communicates the social and environmental impacts of organizations' economic actions to interested groups. It provides background on the history and definition of social accounting, its purposes of accountability and management control. Key aspects covered include formal accountability, self-reporting and third party audits. The objectives and benefits of social accounting are outlined. Challenges and a three step process involving planning, accounting, and reporting/auditing are also summarized. An example of social accounting for a student housing co-operative is provided.

1. SOCIAL
ACCOUNTING

2. INTRODUCTION
– Social accounting is the process of
communicating the social and
environmental effects of organizations'
economic actions to particular interest
groups within society and to society at
large.

3. HISTORY
– Social accounting as an approach began
developing in the UK in the early 1970s
– The Public Interest Research Group
established Social Audit Ltd.

4. DEFINITION OF SOCIAL
ACCOUNTING
– "An approach to reporting a firm’s activities
which stresses the need for the identification of
socially relevant behavior, the determination of
those to whom the company is accountable for
its social performance and the development of
appropriate measures and reporting techniques."
-D. Crowther

5. PURPOSE
– ACCOUNTABILITY
– MANAGEMENT CONTROL

6. SCOPE
– FORMAL ACCOUNTABILITY
– SELF REPORTING AND THIRD PARTY AUDITS
– REPORTING AREAS
– AUDIENCE

7. OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL
ACCOUNTING
– EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES:
– HELP TO EMPLOYEES
– HELP TO SOCIETY
– HELP TO CUSTOMERS
– HELP TO INVESTORS

8. BENEFITS
– Social accounting will provide you with an ongoing record
of how your organization or enterprise has developed and
changed over time.
– You will get feedback on how things are going from the
range of people involved in your organization or
enterprise.
– You will be able to identify the areas where things are
working well and not so well—and you can use this
information to help continue what you are doing well and
make improvements to change what’s not working so
well.
– You will have a record of what your organization or
enterprise is doing and the sorts of impacts it is having—
information you can use when applying for grants and
funding, for reporting on grants, and for promoting what
you do.

9. CHALLENGES
– For small, member-based community
organizations and enterprises the biggest
challenge is finding a way to regularly carry out
social accounting with no staff, no time and no
budget! It is therefore important that the social
accounting process be as simple as possible so
that it does not impose too heavy a burden on
members.

10. BASED ON THREE STEPS
1) Planning – identification stage
2) Accounting – deciding on the scope and
setting up the social accounting System
3) Reporting and Auditing – collecting information
and submitted to an

11. Step 1: Scoping
– The first step is to identify three key elements of your
community organization or enterprise:
– Values, aims and objectives
– Activities
– Stakeholders.

12. Step 2: Accounting
– Design
– Collect information
– Characteristics

13. Step 3: Reporting and
Responding
– Relevant information
– Results

14. WATERLOO CO-OPERATIVE
RESIDENCE INCORPORATED
– Waterloo Co-operative Residence Incorporated,
also known as WCRI
– Non-profit student housing co-operative located
in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
– Elections

15. ANAMIKA
Section:- H
Roll N0:- 547
THANK
YOU