SOC108 Topic 12
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This document discusses the health effects of climate change from a sociological perspective. It identifies that there is near unanimous consensus that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions will change Earth's climate. Climate change poses the biggest global health threat of the 21st century, with direct threats including extreme weather and changes in disease patterns, and indirect threats to water and food security. A sociological view, as advocated by Ulrich Beck, recognizes that the risks of climate change deepen existing social inequalities and are unequally distributed based on factors like location, class, age, ethnicity, and gender. For healthcare workers, it is important to understand this unequal distribution of health impacts and develop integrated health strategies that consider social determinants of climate vulnerability
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SOC108 Topic 1
This document introduces the topic of sociology and the sociological imagination. It discusses how sociology examines common assumptions and looks beneath surface appearances to understand social patterns and issues. The sociological imagination allows people to link personal experiences to broader social contexts. It involves asking questions about historical, cultural, and structural influences. The document then applies these concepts to understandings of health and illness. It describes the biomedical model and some of its underlying assumptions, before providing a sociological critique that considers how history, culture, social structures, and power dynamics shape health in important ways beyond individual factors.
SOC108 Topic 6
This document discusses how place influences health inequalities and outcomes. It explains that people living in rural, regional, and remote areas of Australia experience poorer health than those in major cities, including higher mortality rates and less access to health services. These differences are due to a combination of factors, but place has an important influence. Globalization and neoliberal policies have contributed to economic and social changes that negatively impact rural health, such as declining industries, rising unemployment, and reduced public services. While governments have invested in rural health, questions remain around appropriate service delivery models and how to best address ongoing inequalities.
SOC108 Topic 9
This document discusses sociological approaches to understanding mental health and illness. It covers several key topics:
1) It examines lay understandings of health and illness and how sociologists make sense of how people experience illness using approaches like illness trajectories and biographical disruption.
2) It explores how mental illness is a significant social issue in Australia, affecting nearly half the population at some point.
3) It analyzes sociological perspectives on mental illness including labeling theory, which views it as a social process rather than individual pathology, and stigma theory, which examines how deviation from norms leads to a spoiled identity.
SOC108 Topic 11
The Human Genome Project was an international research program that ran from 1990 to 2003 with the goal of mapping and discovering all estimated 20,000-25,000 human genes. It was completed in 2003 with the full sequencing of the human DNA. Since then, research has focused on finding genes linked to specific diseases and behaviors. While promising medical benefits, sociologists question the implications of reducing health to genetics and how knowledge may influence social inequality, control, and identity. Social scientists can contribute by critically analyzing assumptions, implications, and power dynamics of genetic technologies.
SOC108 Topic 4
This document discusses how gender impacts health and identifies key differences in how women and men experience health and illness. It explains that women have a longer life expectancy than men due to behaviors linked to constructions of masculinity like smoking, drinking, and aggression. Women face different health hazards due to the sexual division of labor and patriarchy, which can increase stress levels. Medicalization also renders women's lives more subject to medical control, especially regarding reproductive health. The document argues that understanding gender relations is important for explaining health inequalities between women and men.
SOC108 Topic 2
This document provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives in health sociology. It discusses functionalism and its concept of the sick role; Marxism and commodification of health; Weberianism and McDonaldisation; symbolic interactionism and concepts like illness trajectory; feminism's focus on medicalization and biological determinism; and post-structuralism/Foucault's concept of the medical gaze. The document emphasizes that different perspectives offer different insights and that incorporating multiple perspectives can best help understand specific health issues.
SOC108 Topic 3
This document discusses social class and health inequalities. It outlines several explanations for health inequalities, including artefact, natural/social selection, cultural/behavioral, materialist/structuralist, and psychosocial explanations. However, most sociologists favor materialist/structuralist explanations that focus on poor living and working conditions rather than victim-blaming. Class is defined broadly as one's position in a system of inequality based on power, wealth and status. There are relationships between patterns of illness/mortality and social class, as working class populations experience poorer health due to living/working conditions and access to resources.
SOC108 Topic 5
This document discusses Indigenous health inequalities in Australia and the role of ethnicity in health outcomes. It notes that Indigenous Australians experience much higher rates of illness and mortality than non-Indigenous Australians, with life expectancy being 10-11 years lower. It explores historical and structural factors like racism, low socioeconomic status, and underfunding of Indigenous health services that contribute to persistent health inequalities. The document also examines how migrant health varies according to length of stay, refugee status, and barriers to healthcare for some non-English speaking communities. It proposes cultural competence as an alternative to mainstream health services to better meet the needs of Australia's ethnically diverse population.
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SOC108 Topic 1
This document introduces the topic of sociology and the sociological imagination. It discusses how sociology examines common assumptions and looks beneath surface appearances to understand social patterns and issues. The sociological imagination allows people to link personal experiences to broader social contexts. It involves asking questions about historical, cultural, and structural influences. The document then applies these concepts to understandings of health and illness. It describes the biomedical model and some of its underlying assumptions, before providing a sociological critique that considers how history, culture, social structures, and power dynamics shape health in important ways beyond individual factors.
SOC108 Topic 6
This document discusses how place influences health inequalities and outcomes. It explains that people living in rural, regional, and remote areas of Australia experience poorer health than those in major cities, including higher mortality rates and less access to health services. These differences are due to a combination of factors, but place has an important influence. Globalization and neoliberal policies have contributed to economic and social changes that negatively impact rural health, such as declining industries, rising unemployment, and reduced public services. While governments have invested in rural health, questions remain around appropriate service delivery models and how to best address ongoing inequalities.
SOC108 Topic 9
This document discusses sociological approaches to understanding mental health and illness. It covers several key topics:
1) It examines lay understandings of health and illness and how sociologists make sense of how people experience illness using approaches like illness trajectories and biographical disruption.
2) It explores how mental illness is a significant social issue in Australia, affecting nearly half the population at some point.
3) It analyzes sociological perspectives on mental illness including labeling theory, which views it as a social process rather than individual pathology, and stigma theory, which examines how deviation from norms leads to a spoiled identity.
SOC108 Topic 11
The Human Genome Project was an international research program that ran from 1990 to 2003 with the goal of mapping and discovering all estimated 20,000-25,000 human genes. It was completed in 2003 with the full sequencing of the human DNA. Since then, research has focused on finding genes linked to specific diseases and behaviors. While promising medical benefits, sociologists question the implications of reducing health to genetics and how knowledge may influence social inequality, control, and identity. Social scientists can contribute by critically analyzing assumptions, implications, and power dynamics of genetic technologies.
SOC108 Topic 4
This document discusses how gender impacts health and identifies key differences in how women and men experience health and illness. It explains that women have a longer life expectancy than men due to behaviors linked to constructions of masculinity like smoking, drinking, and aggression. Women face different health hazards due to the sexual division of labor and patriarchy, which can increase stress levels. Medicalization also renders women's lives more subject to medical control, especially regarding reproductive health. The document argues that understanding gender relations is important for explaining health inequalities between women and men.
SOC108 Topic 2
This document provides an overview of major theoretical perspectives in health sociology. It discusses functionalism and its concept of the sick role; Marxism and commodification of health; Weberianism and McDonaldisation; symbolic interactionism and concepts like illness trajectory; feminism's focus on medicalization and biological determinism; and post-structuralism/Foucault's concept of the medical gaze. The document emphasizes that different perspectives offer different insights and that incorporating multiple perspectives can best help understand specific health issues.
SOC108 Topic 3
This document discusses social class and health inequalities. It outlines several explanations for health inequalities, including artefact, natural/social selection, cultural/behavioral, materialist/structuralist, and psychosocial explanations. However, most sociologists favor materialist/structuralist explanations that focus on poor living and working conditions rather than victim-blaming. Class is defined broadly as one's position in a system of inequality based on power, wealth and status. There are relationships between patterns of illness/mortality and social class, as working class populations experience poorer health due to living/working conditions and access to resources.
SOC108 Topic 5
This document discusses Indigenous health inequalities in Australia and the role of ethnicity in health outcomes. It notes that Indigenous Australians experience much higher rates of illness and mortality than non-Indigenous Australians, with life expectancy being 10-11 years lower. It explores historical and structural factors like racism, low socioeconomic status, and underfunding of Indigenous health services that contribute to persistent health inequalities. The document also examines how migrant health varies according to length of stay, refugee status, and barriers to healthcare for some non-English speaking communities. It proposes cultural competence as an alternative to mainstream health services to better meet the needs of Australia's ethnically diverse population.
SOC108 Topic 8
This document discusses healthcare occupations that operate outside of direct medical dominance, including allied health workers and complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners. It explains that allied health workers, though diverse, collectively support patient care but have faced constraints on their autonomy from the medically dominated healthcare system. CAM was historically the norm but faced challenges gaining legitimacy from biomedicine's rise in the late 19th century. Both allied health and CAM practitioners have struggled for professional recognition due to medical dominance maintaining control through subordination, limitation, exclusion and incorporation. Gender relations have also influenced their professionalization as roles dominated by women are more easily devalued. The document outlines some future directions including CAM potentially challenging medical dominance through growing public support, and allied health facing
SOC108 Topic 7
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SOC108 Topic 10
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Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 19-health and medicine
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
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• Sociological theory- pg 7 in Pretoruis
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• The generally accepted definition of a theory
• The main sociological theories:
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This document discusses public health problems and outlines criteria for determining priority public health issues. It defines key terms like health, disease, illness, and ill health. Public health aims to prevent disease through organized community efforts. Demands on health care exceed resources due to factors like population growth, aging, and unhealthy environments. Priority public health problems are determined by prevalence, individual impact, societal impact, and potential for prevention/treatment. The document concludes that governments should implement policies to reduce population growth, increase health sector resources, and encourage individual health maintenance.
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SOC108 Topic 8
This document discusses healthcare occupations that operate outside of direct medical dominance, including allied health workers and complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners. It explains that allied health workers, though diverse, collectively support patient care but have faced constraints on their autonomy from the medically dominated healthcare system. CAM was historically the norm but faced challenges gaining legitimacy from biomedicine's rise in the late 19th century. Both allied health and CAM practitioners have struggled for professional recognition due to medical dominance maintaining control through subordination, limitation, exclusion and incorporation. Gender relations have also influenced their professionalization as roles dominated by women are more easily devalued. The document outlines some future directions including CAM potentially challenging medical dominance through growing public support, and allied health facing
SOC108 Topic 7
This document discusses medical dominance in the Australian healthcare system. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives, which are to understand the concept of medical dominance and how it is achieved and maintained. It then provides context on the structure of the Australian healthcare system and how the medical profession attained power through amendments to the constitution and agreements around Medicare. The document defines medical dominance and strategies doctors use to maintain it, before examining challenges to dominance from deprofessionalization, corporatization, and McDonaldisation. It concludes that while medical autonomy is constrained in some areas, dominance remains strong overall due to being negotiated and constantly contested.
SOC108 Topic 10
This document discusses Australia's aging population and the implications for the health care system. Some key points:
- Australians are living longer, with life expectancy currently 84 for males and 87 for females. However, an aging population puts pressure on the health system as older individuals generally have more health issues.
- Currently those aged 65+ make up 15% of Australia's population, expected to grow to 22% by 2056. This aging is due to lower birth rates and longer lifespans.
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The document discusses definitions of health from a sociological perspective. It introduces absolute versus relative definitions of health and how health is socially constructed and can mean different things to different cultures and groups within society. It also briefly outlines biomedical and traditional models of health and how health is generally measured through morbidity and mortality rates.
Health Inequalities
There are many factors that influence health inequalities in the UK, including geographical area, racial group, gender, and social class, with social class having a strong link to poverty. While health has improved overall, gaps between higher and lower social classes persist and may be widening. Approaches to solving health inequalities debate whether the focus should be on collective government action to address root social and economic causes, or more individualistic approaches emphasizing personal responsibility and lifestyle changes. Current thinking in the UK and Scotland incorporates elements of both, with a greater emphasis on prevention through social inclusion and poverty reduction policies.
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Medical sociology and health service research - Journal of Health and social ...
This document summarizes key findings from medical sociology research on health services and systems over the past 50 years. It discusses three main findings: 1) Health services in the US are unequally distributed based on gender, socioeconomic status, and race, contributing to health inequalities. 2) Social institutions reproduce these inequalities by enabling or constraining actions of providers and consumers. 3) The structure and dynamics of health care organizations shape quality, effectiveness and outcomes for different groups in communities. The authors conclude by discussing implications for future health policy and reform efforts.
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 19-health and medicine
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
Sociology Of Health And Illness
The document discusses different perspectives on health and illness from a sociological standpoint. It defines key terms like health, illness, disease, and the "sick role." It also outlines two main models of health - the biomedical model which views health problems as biological issues, and the social model which sees health as influenced by a variety of social, economic, and environmental factors beyond just biology. Both models are discussed, including their strengths and criticisms.
Social Inequalities in Health
This document summarizes key concepts related to social inequalities in health. It discusses health inequality versus health inequity, providing definitions and noting that inequity refers to differences that are unfair or unjust. Several theories are presented to explain the origins of health inequities, including artefact explanations, natural/social selection, materialist/structuralist explanations, and cultural/behavioral explanations. Evidence is also reviewed relating socioeconomic factors like income and education to differences in access to dental services and oral health outcomes.
Lesson five - Models of health
The document discusses the biomedical and socio-medical models of health. It provides information on each model, including what they focus on, links to sociological approaches, and potential factors that can influence health. Students are tasked with creating a poster explaining and assessing the two models, highlighting their ideas with examples from the session. They will then present their posters and ideas to the group.
Health as a social problem
This document discusses whether health issues should be considered social problems. It defines a social problem as something that contradicts desired quality of life, is caused by multiple social factors, and requires social action to resolve. The document argues that health issues meet this definition as illnesses can reduce quality of life, have social causes like lifestyle and environment, and require changes to things like healthcare access and costs. It examines how classical perspectives and normative approaches view health and social problems. The conclusion is that health issues relate to the definition of a social problem due to how they can impact life and wider social factors must be addressed through actions like prevention and healthcare reform.
Soc101 - Health & Medicine
This document provides an introduction and overview of topics related to sociology of health and medicine. It discusses key questions around why some groups are healthier than others and how diagnosis can be a form of social control. It introduces concepts like structural determinants of health and structural violence to explain differences in health outcomes based on social and economic factors beyond individual choices. Medicalization is discussed as a process by which normal human conditions become defined and treated as medical issues, and how this can be a form of social control. Healthism and its link to neoliberal ideas about individual responsibility for health are also covered.
Sociological approach to health and disease
The sociological perspective:
• What is the sociological perspective? Direct and indirect relationships
• Establishing patterns
• The sociological imagination-
Theories:
• Sociological theory- pg 7 in Pretoruis
• Why are theories useful and practical?
• The generally accepted definition of a theory
• The main sociological theories:
• 1) Structuralism/ Functionalism (Durkheim): Society as an organism, tendency towards equilibrium, statuses and roles, functions: manifest and latent+ benefits and disadvantages of this approach
• 2) Conflict theory (Karl Marx): Evaluation
• 3) Symbolic theory (Max Weber)
• Comparison of theoretical perspectives
• Applying the theoretical theories:
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Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 19-health and medicine
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 19-health and medicine
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Health Promotion and health policy merged.pdf
This document discusses principles and actions of health promotion. It summarizes the McKeown thesis which argues that the major decline in mortality from infectious diseases in industrialized countries was primarily due to improvements in standards of living like better nutrition and sanitation, rather than medical treatment. It also discusses the Lalonde report which identified four determinants of health beyond just healthcare: human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization. Major global conferences like Alma-Ata and Ottawa Charter emphasized health promotion and primary healthcare. The Ottawa Charter defined five action areas of health promotion: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, and reorient health services.
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
Assignment Overview:
Cyber is a relatively new word that did not gain prominence until three short decades ago. Since then, words such as cyberwar, cyber-attack, cyber-crime, cyberterrorism, and cybersecurity have emerged. In April 2015, Loretta Lynch became the nation's new attorney general. At the forefront of the attorney general's security concerns are social media technology, ISIS systematically exploiting the Internet, and the threat of cyber-attack. According to Lynch, a cyber-attack by the Islamic State is perhaps the terror group’s biggest emerging threat. "Concern that ISIS or any of our foreign enemies might develop that capacity … is the thing that keeps me and many of my colleagues in law enforcement up at night,” Lynch told ABC’s News' Pierre Thomas. Understanding cyber threats begins with understanding the history of technology.
Assignment Task:
History and advancing technology make it imperative to examine the cyber significance of the years 1945, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1979, 1983, and 1984 to better understand how these advancements have historically influenced modern day cybersecurity.
From your research, discuss how ISIS-type organizations have exploited advancements in technology. Describe how these historical influences have affected national security.
Key Concepts in Public Health
Determinants of Health
Contributors: Soumen Sengupta
Edited by: Frances Wilson & Mzwandile Mabhala
Book Title: Key Concepts in Public Health
Chapter Title: "Determinants of Health"
Pub. Date: 2009
Access Date: February 16, 2020
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications Ltd
City: London
Print ISBN: 9781412948807
Online ISBN: 9781446216736
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216736.n4
Print pages: 16-20
© 2009 SAGE Publications Ltd All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216736.n4
Determinants of Health
SoumenSengupta
Definition
Health is classically defined as ‘a state of complete physical, social and mental health, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity’ (WHO, 1948). As such, health is as much a social construct as a biological
characteristic. It is the product of a complex interaction of different factors: this is true at both individual and
population levels. These determinants include not just an individual's particular characteristics and behav-
iours but also their economic, physical and social environments (Ashton and Seymour, 1992).
Key Points
• Health is created by a complicated interaction of different factors, only some of which can be directly
influenced by individuals.
• Social determinants tend to have a greater impact on population health status than healthcare ser-
vices.
• Different determinants have a differential influence on different groups of people: this can contribute
t ...
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
Assignment Overview:
Cyber is a relatively new word that did not gain prominence until three short decades ago. Since then, words such as cyberwar, cyber-attack, cyber-crime, cyberterrorism, and cybersecurity have emerged. In April 2015, Loretta Lynch became the nation's new attorney general. At the forefront of the attorney general's security concerns are social media technology, ISIS systematically exploiting the Internet, and the threat of cyber-attack. According to Lynch, a cyber-attack by the Islamic State is perhaps the terror group’s biggest emerging threat. "Concern that ISIS or any of our foreign enemies might develop that capacity … is the thing that keeps me and many of my colleagues in law enforcement up at night,” Lynch told ABC’s News' Pierre Thomas. Understanding cyber threats begins with understanding the history of technology.
Assignment Task:
History and advancing technology make it imperative to examine the cyber significance of the years 1945, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1979, 1983, and 1984 to better understand how these advancements have historically influenced modern day cybersecurity.
From your research, discuss how ISIS-type organizations have exploited advancements in technology. Describe how these historical influences have affected national security.
Key Concepts in Public Health
Determinants of Health
Contributors: Soumen Sengupta
Edited by: Frances Wilson & Mzwandile Mabhala
Book Title: Key Concepts in Public Health
Chapter Title: "Determinants of Health"
Pub. Date: 2009
Access Date: February 16, 2020
Publishing Company: SAGE Publications Ltd
City: London
Print ISBN: 9781412948807
Online ISBN: 9781446216736
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216736.n4
Print pages: 16-20
© 2009 SAGE Publications Ltd All Rights Reserved.
This PDF has been generated from SAGE Knowledge. Please note that the pagination of the online
version will vary from the pagination of the print book.
javascript:void(0);
javascript:void(0);
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446216736.n4
Determinants of Health
SoumenSengupta
Definition
Health is classically defined as ‘a state of complete physical, social and mental health, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity’ (WHO, 1948). As such, health is as much a social construct as a biological
characteristic. It is the product of a complex interaction of different factors: this is true at both individual and
population levels. These determinants include not just an individual's particular characteristics and behav-
iours but also their economic, physical and social environments (Ashton and Seymour, 1992).
Key Points
• Health is created by a complicated interaction of different factors, only some of which can be directly
influenced by individuals.
• Social determinants tend to have a greater impact on population health status than healthcare ser-
vices.
• Different determinants have a differential influence on different groups of people: this can contribute
t.
1. Describe why climate change is an evolving practice and.docx
1. Describe why climate change is an evolving practice and concept of Environmental Health. What are two (2) examples of how climate change is related to and impacts Environmental Health? Describe how you view your role in communicating this complex environmental issue to your patients/stakeholders/community. Use only the space provided below (i.e. Pgs. 1 & 2).
WHY CLIMATE CHANGE IS AN EVOLVING PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. Climate change is an evolving practice owing to the ever-changing challenges that it presents – like what challenges????. Increasing temperatures, extreme weather events and rising sea levels all pose environmental health challenges….. In spite of the fact that the climate is changing, there are a lot of new emerging issues (increasing temperatures and rising sea levels) that may render previous studies useless (McMichael, 2013). The ability to keep abreast with climate change therefore requires a dynamic approach that adapts to the current issues. Climate change is an indisputable fact, and our health will be affected by it. Fortunately, society is becoming aware of this serious problem, and the answer should be together, individually and collectively. The way in which we have to deal with the climate change in the coming years will determine whether it has either a greater or else lesser impact on our health (McMichael, 2013).
TWO EXAMPLES OF HOW CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. During the past few years, The repercussions of climate change go beyond the purely socio-economicit has shown that climate change is a reality that affects health. Its repercussions are beyond the purely socio-economic and political dimensions, and we are beginning to be aware of the potential impact on human health. We are constantly exposed to pollution that may be detrimental to our health, both immediately and long term. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 23% of deaths occurring in the world are related in some way to the environmental health issues (McMichael, 2013). For instance, Cholera: The so-called 'disease of the poor' is a disorder caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, 'which is very easily transmitted by contaminated water and food. Restricted to developing countries, the widespread increase in water temperatures anticipates an increase in the incidence of this disease, which is characterized by severe vomiting, cramps and diarrhea and can even cause death. In addition, diseases arising from malnutrition are also on the rise owing to the lack of favorable climate to sustain the growing of various crops that supply the nutrients. Therefore, the human being is left to evolve to stop attacking the environment in which they live and by being able to manage climate change.
. HOW ENVH PRACTITIONERS COMMUNICATE CLIMATE-RELATED INFO TO THE PUBLIC. The environment determines the health not only of individuals but also of communities. The environmental health concept is very modern but actually has ver ...
Dr. Obumneke Amadi-Onuoha Public Health Epidemiology Transcript
Over the past century in the U.S., there has been a reversal in morbidity and mortality trends due to advances in public health and healthcare. Chronic diseases are now the leading causes of death but researchers focus on prevention through community interventions. Significant accomplishments like vaccinations for diseases have led to declines in cases, hospitalizations, and costs. Applying community health education theories that target social and behavioral norms through multi-level interventions may have also contributed to reduced morbidity and mortality.
Global crises and economic implications
The document summarizes a lecture on understanding the global crises and their implications for economics. It outlines the impacts of the crises such as malnutrition, food riots, and child poverty. It examines various views on the causes including instrumental, structural, moral, and ontological perspectives. It discusses economic theories from mainstream and heterodox schools. It argues responses have missed elements like complexity, learning, and transitions. The conclusions call for a more inclusive economic-ecological theory that accounts for physical limits and innovation within complex, dynamic relationships between nature and humans.
hiap-ppt-module-1-part-2.pptx
The document discusses the social determinants of health and provides frameworks for conceptualizing them. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Clinical care has less influence on health than socioeconomic factors and environment. The social determinants of health are the conditions where people are born, live, work and age that are shaped by money, power and resources. They range from societal to individual factors and are mostly responsible for health inequities. Both the Global Commission on Social Determinants of Health and PAHO Equity Commission provide frameworks and recommendations, including improving daily living conditions, tackling inequitable distribution of power/resources, and governance for health
SDT Determinants of Health 26.5.2019
The document discusses several topics related to health:
1. It provides statistics on deaths from the Titanic disaster, with over 1,500 of the 2,223 aboard perishing mostly from hypothermia.
2. It then discusses concepts of health and defines it as a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being according to the WHO.
3. It identifies key determinants of health like biology, individual behaviors, socioeconomic factors, physical environment, and access to healthcare services that influence population health outcomes and health inequities.
Climate change: a driver for (faster) change also for health services.
Health services must take an active part in the fight against climate change, in becoming more resilient, more aware and leading by example.
ICC Human_Health_v3 on global pollution.pptx
Climate change is expected to negatively impact human health in Southeast Asia in several key ways:
1) It will exacerbate existing health issues like malaria, dengue, and diarrheal diseases by expanding the range and season of disease vectors. Rising temperatures allow pathogens to spread into new areas and transmit more quickly within vectors.
2) Extreme weather events like cyclones, flooding, and heat waves will increase injuries, deaths and diseases from events like drowning, heat stroke and stress on water and sanitation systems. The poor and vulnerable populations are most at risk.
3) Food insecurity may worsen as crop yields decline from rising temperatures and altered rainfall, increasing malnutrition rates especially in children under five.
Globalization and public health
Globalization and its effects on public health were discussed. Key points included:
1. Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures worldwide. It impacts public health through factors like population mobility, social changes, and environmental changes.
2. Public health aims to prevent disease and promote community health through organized efforts. It has evolved from a focus on disease control to health promotion and addressing social determinants of health.
3. Globalization influences public health through various pathways like health policies, economic development, social interactions, and environmental changes. It presents both opportunities and challenges for improving population health outcomes worldwide.
Similar to SOC108 Topic 12 (20)
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
Assignment OverviewCyber is a relatively new word that did not .docx
1. Describe why climate change is an evolving practice and.docx
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Dr. Obumneke Amadi-Onuoha Public Health Epidemiology Transcript
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Climate change: a driver for (faster) change also for health services.
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More from Vaughan Higgins
SOC226 Topic 12
This document discusses key challenges to rural sustainability such as neoliberalism, environmental degradation, climate change, and peak oil. It outlines current responses like continuing neoliberal policies, technological fixes for agriculture, market-based environmental mechanisms, limited climate change incentives, and a focus on developing nation food security over altering the systems that create insecurity. Finally, it questions the extent to which the "sustainability project" of reducing market externalities through institutional frameworks and practices can promote sustainable rural futures within the existing system or if systemic transformation is needed.
SOC226 Topic 11
Globalization is transforming agricultural production and rural communities through increased trade liberalization, corporate consolidation, and flows of labor and tourism. This has led to the intensification of industrial farming techniques, greater foreign ownership of land, and growing inequalities between resource-rich and poor areas. Rural actors have responded through political action and resistance to shape their futures. There is now a "politics of the rural" as communities contest threats to rural identity and land use from these globalizing forces.
SOC226 Topic 10
This document discusses the shifting forms of state regulation of rural environments in Australia from early efforts to address environmental degradation caused by agriculture to more recent neoliberal approaches. It explains how neoliberal rationalities have challenged state regulation by promoting market-based mechanisms like payments for ecosystem services and environmental commodity trading. While neoliberalism contributes to nature commodification, attempts to implement these market approaches require ongoing state support and yield mixed environmental and social outcomes that require balanced policy solutions.
SOC226 Topic 9
This document discusses the changing role of the state in regulating rural areas from government to governance. It explains that neoliberal globalization has led to a blurring of boundaries between public and private sectors, with actors beyond the state now playing an increased governing role. This shift to governance means the state is no longer the sole regulator of rural spaces, with private actors like agribusiness and retailers gaining more influence over standards and regulations. While governance is argued to provide more participation opportunities, critics say it can also foster new inequalities and place additional burdens on communities.
SOC226 Topic 8
This document discusses the concept of "performing the rural" and identifies different ways that rural identity and life are performed and represented. It explains that performance refers to routine and ritualized actions that contribute to constructions of rural identities. Different levels of performance are identified, from highly staged events to more everyday and routine practices. Specific examples discussed include rural pubs, country music festivals, and the performance of gender roles on farms, which can reinforce social divisions but also be contested.
SOC226 Topic 7
This document discusses concepts of rural community, belonging, and inequality. It addresses how community is conceptualized from structural-functionalism and ethnographic perspectives to newer cultural and social constructionism views. Belonging is expressed through feelings towards others and place, and practiced through organizations, but can exclude some based on class, gender, ethnicity and more. Economic restructuring moves jobs from primary/secondary industries and reduces rural workforces, impacting livelihoods and identities, while social restructuring brings out-migration, in-migration, and mobile communities, affecting belonging and social identity.
SOC226 Topic 6
This document discusses rural development approaches. It begins by explaining why rural development is an important sociological issue, as economic restructuring has negatively impacted many rural regions. It then outlines the modernization paradigm of rural development, which views development as a linear process, but notes this has been criticized for not considering power relations and failing to reduce poverty. The document introduces the new rural development paradigm of endogenous, community-led approaches. It examines this paradigm in the global north, emphasizing self-help and social capital. However, it also notes limitations, such as the risk of further empowering local elites and blaming communities that do not develop as expected.
SOC226 Topic 5
This document discusses the consumption and commodification of rural spaces. It explains that the rural has long been a space of consumption, but the rise of mass consumption in the 20th century led to greater use of rural areas for leisure and recreation. When rural attributes are consumed, they become commodified - transformed into goods that can be bought and sold. Commodification benefits rural development but also transforms rural places over time in a process of "creative destruction". The document examines how rural spaces are consumed through sight via idealized portrayals that obscure inequality, and through food and taste via nostalgic notions of local rural cuisine.
SOC226 Topic 4
This document discusses the concept of multifunctionality in agriculture. Multifunctionality refers to agriculture providing not just food production but also social and environmental benefits. It acknowledges that rural areas are no longer just spaces of production. The document examines approaches to multifunctionality and its merits and limitations. It also discusses how multifunctionality applies in the context of Australian agriculture, where there is a shift toward supporting farmers as environmental stewards but productivism remains dominant.
SOC226 Topic 3
This document discusses productivist agriculture, which emerged in the mid-20th century as the dominant model for farming. Productivism prioritizes increasing agricultural production over other considerations through intensification, concentration, and specialization. While productivism has increased food production and lowered costs, it also has significant limitations including the growing control of transnational corporations over the food system, environmental degradation, and declining returns for farmers. The model has contradictions such as overproduction alongside increasing global hunger and the demise of rural communities.
SOC226 Topic 2
This document discusses different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the term "rural". It explains that historically, the idea of rural has evolved from Roman times through colonization and urban expansion. Defining rural is a contested process with significant policy and social implications. Key approaches covered include descriptive definitions based on population and land use; functional associations with agriculture; political-economic perspectives on restructuring; socio-cultural views of rural identity and lifestyle; and social constructionist views of rurality as a represented and consumed concept.
SOC226 Topic 1
This document discusses perspectives on studying rural sociology. It outlines four main perspectives: functionalism, which romanticized rural communities; neo-Marxism/new rural sociology, which focuses on class, inequality, and the integration of rural areas into capitalist systems; feminism, which examines gender relations and women's roles; and post-structuralism, which questions how macro structures are constructed and adapted locally through discourses. The document also provides context on why the rural is an important area of sociological inquiry, noting its key economic and social roles, and how globalization and policy changes have impacted rural communities.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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SOC108 Topic 12
- 1. SOC108 – TOPIC 12 The Health Effects of Climate Change
- 2. Learning and teaching objectives • Identify the main features associated with climate change. • Recognise the significance and impacts of climate change for global health and health care. • Explain how a sociological perspective can help in making sense of the social impacts of climate change, as well as informing mitigation and adaptation strategies for the health sector. 2
- 3. Key Issues • Near unanimous consensus that greenhouse gas emissions generated by human activity will change Earth’s climate. • Continuing controversy over what is happening; but not that it is happening. • Involves fundamental global environmental change, affecting both physical and human ecosystems with many effects on society in general as well as human health. 3
- 4. Climate Change and Health • Climate change the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. • Direct threats – extreme climatic events and changes in the reach of vector-borne diseases. • Indirect threats – for water and food security, and patterns of human settlement. (Costello et al., 2009) 4
- 5. Health Implications to Date Heat stress • Plenty of epidemiological evidence. • Direct physiological effects on the body; elderly most affected. Mental health • Growing literature. • Emotional stress caused by lengthy dry periods (e.g., farmers) and extreme weather events. 5
- 6. A Sociological Perspective Ulrich Beck (1992 and 1996) • A key feature of advanced modernity is the emergence of new risks that may not be immediately visible. • Technological achievements previously identified with progress now mean unforseeable risks. • These new risks mean that issues important under previous stages of modernity – such as class struggle – matter much less. • At the same time, these new risks also deepen existing social divisions creating inequalities on an unprecedented scale. 6
- 7. Climate Change and Inequality Vulnerability to climate change is unequally distributed: • Spatial – Developed vs undeveloped world. • Class – poor are most vulnerable. • Age – children and elderly most vulnerable. • Ethnicity – especially indigenous populations. • Gender – women much more likely to be victims of a changing climate. (Urry, 2011) 7
- 8. Implications for Healthcare Workers • Understand how the health effects of climate change are distributed unequally based on existing social divisions. • Development of integrated health promotion strategies that address the social, cultural, political and economic determinants of climate vulnerability. • ‘Organisational adaptation is a key determinant of healthy outcomes’ (Verrinder and Verrinder, 2012, p.147). 8
- 9. Additional Reading • Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, London: Sage. • Costello, A. et al. (2009) ‘Managing the Health Effects of Climate Change’, The Lancet, 373(9676): 1693-1733. • Lever-Tracy, C. (2008) ‘Global Warming and Sociology’, Current Sociology, 56(3): 445–466. • Urry, J. (2011) Climate Change and Society, Cambridge: Polity Press. 9