- The patient is a 60-year-old male who presented to the clinic with severe chest pain for 3 hours. Tests showed ST elevation on ECG and positive troponin levels, indicating ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
- The patient has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Echo showed no blood flow to part of the myocardium.
- The initial treatment plan included aspirin, clopidogrel, metoprolol, atorvastatin, lisinopril, ranitidine, morphine, and glyceryl trinitrate as needed for pain. Long-term medication and lifestyle changes were also recommended.
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
Soap analysis on Coronary Artery Disease: By RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This powerpoint deals with Coronary Artery Disease, mentioning a few details into the disease & explaining the SOAP format of a patient having this disease(in short).
Regards,
@ RxVichu! :)
Beta blockers have a variety of different uses in the management of ischemic heart disease. This presentation by Dr Vivek Baliga, Internal Medicine Physician talks about the role in ST elevation MI.
SOAP notes are a highly structured format for documenting the progress of a patient during treatment and is only one of many possible formats that could be used by a health professional. They are entered in the patients medical record by healthcare professionals to communicate information to other providers of care, to provide evidence of patient contact and to inform the Clinical Reasoning process.
SOAP is an acronym for:
Subjective - What the patient says about the problem / intervention.
Objective - The therapists objective observations and treatment interventions (e.g. ROM, Outcome Measures)
Assessment - The therapists analysis of the various components of the assessment.
Plan - How the treatment will be developed to the reach the goals or objectives.
Here i am presenting a meningitis case in the form of soap note.
During my training in AL Amal psychiatric hospital I found cases that include many medication errors , so I did an analysis for this case and tried to address the medication error and mention the intervention according to the guideline.
Soap analysis on Coronary Artery Disease: By RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This powerpoint deals with Coronary Artery Disease, mentioning a few details into the disease & explaining the SOAP format of a patient having this disease(in short).
Regards,
@ RxVichu! :)
Beta blockers have a variety of different uses in the management of ischemic heart disease. This presentation by Dr Vivek Baliga, Internal Medicine Physician talks about the role in ST elevation MI.
SOAP notes are a highly structured format for documenting the progress of a patient during treatment and is only one of many possible formats that could be used by a health professional. They are entered in the patients medical record by healthcare professionals to communicate information to other providers of care, to provide evidence of patient contact and to inform the Clinical Reasoning process.
SOAP is an acronym for:
Subjective - What the patient says about the problem / intervention.
Objective - The therapists objective observations and treatment interventions (e.g. ROM, Outcome Measures)
Assessment - The therapists analysis of the various components of the assessment.
Plan - How the treatment will be developed to the reach the goals or objectives.
Here i am presenting a meningitis case in the form of soap note.
During my training in AL Amal psychiatric hospital I found cases that include many medication errors , so I did an analysis for this case and tried to address the medication error and mention the intervention according to the guideline.
Line Bias: exploiting gambling line dataMichael Zaic
Bookies have been "crowdsourcing" long before the Internet has made the term popular. Gambling lines, however, don't necessarily represent who should win a game; rather, they represent how the risk the betting public is willing to stomach on its teams. There can be short term gaps between expectations and outcomes. Exploit the "line bias" and win (maybe?).
---
When someone says, "my team is favored by 2 points," there is a general misunderstanding of what that means. It is not directly indicative of who should win. It is indicative on how money is bet on the game. The statement can be expanded to, "the gambling line says that if my team gives the other team 2 points, there will be the same amount of money bet on both teams." That's a much different scenario.
Book makers win by evening the money that is bet on both teams in a sporting event. The losers pay the winners, and the bookies take a cut from both sides. Usually, the wisdom of the crowd prevails, and the betting public's money matches the outcome. By looking at historical betting data in the National Football League, we can see that play out. However, there are circumstances when, for a variety of reasons, a team is over- or under- bet. This allows for a unique opportunity for the small time gambler to exploit the line bias and win.
This talk will go over my limited research into NFL line bias since the 1970s. It is meant as a jumping off point for more discovery and discussion.
In the startup world, the most pressing issue usually isn't, "how to we prepare for a once-in-a-lifetime storm?" Risk management is always stressed at Velocity, but businesses don't always buy into dedicating resources to low probability events. Let our comedy of errors during Hurricane Sandy help to convince your bosses that infrastructure and redundancy are actually worthwhile investments.
Stroke is the 2nd leading death associated disorder. It is also known as cerebrovascular disorder mainly caused by high blood cholesterol levels or rupture of cerebral arteries.
1. Resistant Hypertension, complications, Target organ damage2. newly diagnosed stage-1 hypertension, rationale of use of ARB and comparison of Azilsartan with other ARBs3. Hypertension with bronchial asthma 4. Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus with proteinuria5. Hypertension , Diabetes and IHD6. Gestational Hypertension , rationale of use of drugs7. Hypertension , Diabetes , ACS8. Hypertension, Diabetes and Syndrome X9. Hypertension and special situations
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
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Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
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The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
1. University of sulaimania
College of pharmacy
Pharmacy practice experience
II
Case SOAPing
Muhammad Kokash Sdiq
B.Sc. In pharmacy
1
2. case
• T…M is 60 year old male who is gainer and have chronic
hypertension for 10 years ago who presents to the medical clinic
at 3 a.m. With complaints for his sever chest pain for 3 hr.
Radiated to both shoulders , nausea but no vomiting , abdominal
pain , but he is conscious his blood pressure is 110/70 , troponin
test is positive , ST segment elevated in v1 ,v2 . PR= 86 bpm ,
spo2 = 96% , R.B.S= 155 mg/ dl .
• The patient has HTN and Hyperlipidemia and two days ago
undergo dental extraction . Echo show that there is no blood supply
to part of myocardium by occlusion of coronary artery .
• The ECG indicates ST segment elevation.
• Family history: his father died because of HTN and MI. His sister
also has Hyperlipidemia.
• Social history: no smoking , past- IBS . Second attack .
• Drug history: no drug allergy, on anti-hypertensive drug ( unknown)
• They agreed for thromboembolic agent just for one time .
• Diagnosis indicate ST segment elevated MI.
2
3. Subjective
• Name : T…M
• Sex : male
• Age :60
• Chief compliance : sever chest pain for 3 hr. radiated to both
shoulders , nausea but no vomiting , abdominal pain , and sever
head ache but he is conscious .
• past medical history: no drug allergy, on anti-hypertensive drug (
unkown but take diuretic for 4 month ) .
• Social history: no smoking , HTN and Hyperlipidemia. past- IBS
(now he are not taking any medication for this condition ) .
Secondary rise of BP , two days ago undergo dental extraction ).
• Family history: his father died because of HTN and MI. His sister
also has Hyperlipidemia.
3
4. Objective
• Blood pressure is 110/70 ,
• PR= 86 bpm ,
• troponin test is positive ,
• ST segment elevated in v1 ,v2 .
• spo2 = 96% ,
• R.B.S= 155 mg/ dl .
• Echocardiography show that there is no blood supply to part of
myocardium by occlusion of coronary artery.
• WBC= 13000 /mm3 (4500-11000) .
• LDL = 140 mg/dl ( 62-130) HDL= 37 mg/dl ( 35-135)
• TG = 210 mg/dl ( 0-200)
• After initial treatment :
• glucose PAP = 128 mg/dl ( 74-106).
• Urea = 62mg/dl ( 13-43 ) .
• creatinine = 0.8 mg/dl ( 0.8 – 1.3)
4
5. Assessment
• Sudden sever chest pain radiated to the shoulder
with nausea and troponin test positive and ST
segment elevation is diagnosis of ST segment
elevated MI. high level of WBC may indicate
necrosis .
• Resulted from either :
• non-compliance to antihypertensive drug .
• does not take medication for his hyperlipidemia .
• dose not control his salt and fat intake .
5
6. Planning
• Initial medication for emergency care :
• Put Cannula for patient
• Aspirin tablet 300 mg 1X1 in first day than maintained
on tablet 100 mg 1X1for two day .
• Plavix ( clopidogrel) tablet 300mg 1X1 in first time
than maintained on tablet 75 mg 1X1 for two day ..
• Motalase vial 1X1 just for one time .
• Metoprolol tablet 50 mg 1X2for two day . .
• Atorvastatin tablet 80 mg 1X1 for two day ...
• Lisinopril tablet 5 mg 1X1 for two day ..
• Zantac ( ranitidine ) tablet 150 mg 1X2 for two day ..
6
7. Planning . continue
On need medication :
• Morphine ampule 2.5 mg 1X1 at time of
attack .
• Plasil ampule 1X1 for vomiting .
• Angesid( glyceryl trinitrate ) tablet 1X1 at time
of chest pain .
7
8. Planning . continue
Recommendation :
• Patient should continue on his initial
medication until weeks and monitor .
• Motalase should not given more than
once .
• Taking of zantac tab 150mg 1x2 for qday.
8
9. Aspirin dose should be monitord
because of:
Significant intraction - Monitor Closely :
• aspirin decreases effects of metoprolol by
pharmacodynamic antagonism.
• aspirin, clopidogrel. Either increases toxicity of the other by
pharmacodynamic synergism.
• lisinopril, aspirin. Either increases toxicity of the other by
Other. May result in renal function deterioration,
particularly in elderly or volume depleted individuals.
• aspirin decreases effects of lisinopril by pharmacodynamic
antagonism. NSAIDs decrease synthesis of vasodilating
renal prostaglandins, and thus affect fluid homeostasis and
may diminish antihypertensive effect.
• metoprolol and aspirin both increase serum potassium.
9
10. Follow up
• In 24 hours to assess drug therapy changes and record outcomes.
• Arrange for follow-up within 2 weeks of discharge. Arrange for cardiac
rehabilitation.
• Good controlling of coagulation state by regular taking of aspirin 75mg 1x1 and
clopidogrel 75mg 1x1 but if clopidogrel used along is better to prevent drug
intraction of aspirin or clopidogril used if patient not tolerate aspirin , according
to regular test for 6 month by PT , PTT , BT , CT .
• Good control of HTN by lisinopril 5 mg 1x1 for 6 weeks and/or metoprolol 50mg
1x2 for 5 weeks then monitoring and follow up required .
• Good control of lipid profile by atorvastatin 10-20 mg 1x1 for years and monitor .
• Monitor renal and liver function because many drug excretd through urine .
• Regular follow up of ECG .
• Good monitoring of Vital signs .
• Good adherence to medication to prevent recurrent attack and complication .
• Take zantac for reducing risk of GI bleeding through out the course of
antiplatelet drugs .
10
11. Follow up continue
• Change in life style and diet intake
• Initially, (NPO)
• Following the patient’s initial therapy and
admission, A low-salt, low-fat, and low-
cholesterol diet is generally recommended.
• Confine patients to bed rest
• Call on call with doctor .
11
13. • Statins:
In addition to cholesterol- lowering properties, statin has antithrombatic &
antiproliferative properties.
• ACE-Inhibitors :
Useful in patients with signs of heart failure, tachycardia or a history of
previous infarction. It should be started with 24 hrs. of diagnosis. Initial doses
should be low then titrated as quickly as the patient tolerated.
• Zantac :
To prevent stress ulceration .
• Morphine ; ( Narcotic analgesic):
It is important because pain & anxiety associated with MI will contribute to
increase myocardial O2 demand . There is no benefit in leaving a patient in
pain while the diagnosis is considered . Morphine as a pain killer ,should
administrated rapidly with an antiemetic drug such as plasil .
• Angesid : Nitrates
These agents may help to relieve pain , especially if coronary spasm produce
the MI. This is because the pain of MI can trigger the release of
catecholamine which can produce a coronary spasm.
13
14. Drug information and monitoring
• Antiplatelat
Low doses are as effective as higher doses & have a lower risk of GI
hemorrhage .
Advice the patient to take it with food .C/I in bronchospasm &a history of GI
bleeding.
Clopidogrel: Useful as an alternative to aspirin in patients who are allergic or
cannot tolerate aspirin .
• Thrombolytic agents :
It is indicated for suspected MI with chest pain of less than 6 hrs. Also for
patient with ST-segment elevation unrespond to NG .
• Metoprolol
use to reduce mortality in patient with MI to prevent recurrent MI and
complication . Is selective b-blocker, consider that its block-ing properties
(usually at higher doses) may contribute to SOB due to bronchoconstriction,
negative inotropic effects, or both.
14
15. According to Guide line ACC /AHA
• The long-term use of aspirin results in significant reduction in subsequent
mortality rate. The prescription of 75-162 mg/d of aspirin indefinitely is a
class I recommendation for patients with STEMI.
• Beta-blocker therapy has confirmed therapeutic benefit in survivors of
acute myocardial infarction.
• The use of ACE inhibitors in patients with known coronary artery disease
has been shown to reduce mortality rate.
• patients should achieve a low-density a lipoprotein (LDL) level of less than
100 mg/dL, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of greater than 40
mg/dL, and a triglyceride level of less than 200 mg/dL.
• Atorvastatin significantly reduced the frequency of the combined end
point of death, recurrent death, myocardial infarction, or worsening
unstable angina requiring hospitalization.
• Clopidogrel should be prescribed for a year following discharge if the
patient has no contraindications and cost is not prohibitive. To reduce the
risk of bleeding, the aspirin dose can be reduced to 75 mg.
15