Containerization provides a repeatable and reliable strategy for application delivery across environments by utilizing lightweight, isolated containers. Containers package applications and their dependencies in self-contained units that can be easily deployed. This allows applications deployed in containers to behave consistently regardless of the infrastructure they are deployed on or environment they are running in. Containerization solves issues of unpredictability that often occur when transitioning applications between development and production environments.

1. Containerization as an
Enterprise Architecture Strategy
Huxi LI
huxi.li@holydis.com
Head of Engineering, Holy-Dis, France
April 2019, Cluj Napoca, Romania
(https://codecamp.ro/cluj)

2. 2
Holy-Dis (https://holydis.com)
 A leading French workforce management
solution provider for retails, call centres, …,
 A company of 30 years’ history and innovation,
Axon-soft (https://axon-soft.com)
 Strategic Partner of Holy-Dis
 Providing invaluable development expertise for
Holy-Dis core products
Huxi LI
 Ph. D. in engineering and simulation,
 Head of Engineering of Holy-Dis (France), lead
the work of
‐ New generation WFM platform with cloud-native,
highly scalable architecture, unifying all our
products on a single platform,
‐ Fully containerized SaaS platform,
 In the past (2000 – 2018), managing architect,
lead enterprise system architecting and
transformation for various companies and
institutions,
WHO AM I

3. 3
01 02 03 04 05
AGENDA
Container
Technology
Cloud
Strategy
Innovation
Agility
Repeatable
Delivery
…
CONTAINERIZATION as STRATEGY

4. 4
AGENDA
01
Container Technology

5. 5
CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY
FreeBSD Jail LXC Docker LXD Rkt
• Free BSD’s OS-
virtualization
technology,
• NOT allow to run
different kernel versions
than that of the base
system
• Linux containers,
• Foundation of Linux
containerization
• Leading container
system for application
deployment,
• Initially based on LXC
but now on Open
Container Initiative
• Building on top of LXC,
• Specializes in deploying
Linux Virtual Machines
and integration with
OpenStack
• Emphasizing on security,
• Competing with Docker with
support from Google, AWS, etc
2000 2008 2013 2015 2016
KEY Container Technologies

6. 6
Docker leads container movements:
 Battle-proven in production
 De facto industrial standard
 Wide industrial supports
 Widely available docker images
(https://hub.docker.com)
CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY
Google Trend Data (2014-2019)

7. 7
Docker adoption in enterprise:
• 20% of Hosts run docker at the end of
2017, and it progress at a rate of 40%
annually according data from Datadog.
CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY
https://www.datadoghq.com/docker-adoption/

8. 8
Docker adoption in enterprise:
• 25% Datadog monitored enterprise using
docker in production at the end of 2017,
this figure should much higher now!
CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY
https://www.datadoghq.com/docker-adoption/

9. 9
Containerization = Dockerization
CONTAINER TECHNOLOGY

10. 10
AGENDA
02
Cloud Strategy & Containerization

11. 11
Cloud computing is the new norm
• Like it or not, Cloud will be everywhere !
• IaaS +40 % annual growth in 2018 (Synergy, 2019)
• Cloud IT Infrastructure Revenues Surpassed Traditional IT
Infrastructure Revenues at the end of 2018 (IDC, 2019)
• Cloud is becoming a safe choice of architects
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION
IaaS +40% annually
IaaS
> 50%
Traditonal
< 50%
REVENUES
2018

12. 12
Cloud lock-in, the real risk, the worst
• Cloud will be “Backbone” of future enterprise computing,
• The battle of cloud is a new kind of OS war,
• All major cloud providers use their marketing techniques
inciting new customer’s buy in,
 AWS offers one year free account,
 Microsoft AZURE and Google GCP have their counterparts,
• All cloud players try to buy you in, but are you prepared
for an exit door ?
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION

13. 13
Facing cloud lock-in, you need a strategy
• You need pull out options
• Multi-cloud strategy is a wise architectural strategy to
avoid cloud provider locked-in
• The question is HOW, “How to deploy a multi-cloud
strategy?”
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION

14. 14
Containerization = Good multi-cloud strategy
• A containerized application run on any cloud,
- Run on all major cloud IaaS platforms
- Reduce / avoid the risks of cloud lock-in
• A containerized application run the same way, on-premise or
on-cloud,
- Freedom of choice between on-premise & on-cloud
- You have the choice of taking advantages of both on-premise &
on-cloud resources
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION

15. 15
Containerization = No Cloud Lock-in
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION

16. 16
AGENDA
03
Innovation Agility & Containerization

17. 17
Technologies move at unprecedented
speed
• Disruptive technologies appearing every few year,
creating opportunities for many, but traps for those
unprepared,
• Software is at the center of digital revolutions,
advancing at an amazing speed thanks to open
sources and globalized collaborations,
• How Your Business Can Keep Up With Changing
Technology Trends ?
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

18. 18
Facing rapid-changing Tech Industry, You
need an Agile Innovation strategy
• Efficient technology evaluation,
• Reliable technology upgrading,
• Reliable technology decommission,
• Reactive risk management,
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

19. 19
Containerization = Innovation Catalyst :
• You have free access to
 > 2 millions images available on hub.docker.com,
 Most open sources available as docker images,
 Official images available for thousands of proprietary
technologies
• You can innovate without the burden of from start
 Any docker image can be customized, extended!
• You can do upgrade your technologies at your
convenience,
 Docker images are versioned,
 You can chose the one you needed,
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

20. 20
Need a MySQL 8 server ?
• Simply run the following command:
docker run -d --name mydb8 -p 3306:3306 mysql:8
• You immediately got a running MySql 8 server listening on port 3306!
• You can do anything you want to do with it!
• This is amazing fast and simple!
Want change version ?
• Simply change image version:
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 mysql:5.7
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

21. 21
Need learn Mongodb 3 ?
• Simply run the following command:
docker run -d --name mymongo -p 27017:27017 mongo:3
• You immediately got a running Mongo 3 server!
• You can test, experiment, or do anything that you like
to do on your new server!
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

22. 22
Containerization = Innovation Agility
• Rapid technology evaluations,
• Benefits from millions pre-fabricated images,
covering amazing number of technologies
• You can easily keep your experimentation results
 By creating your own images
 BY saving Dockerfile in GIT or any SCM and rebuild
your image at any moment
INNOVATION AGILITY AND CONTAINERIZATION

23. 23
Containerization = Innovation Agility
CLOUD STRATEGY AND CONTAINERIZATION

24. 24
AGENDA
04
Repeatable Provision & Containerization

25. 25
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
Repeatable is hard!
• Something works here and now, it does not guarantee it will still
works tomorrow or at somewhere else,
• Something works on a development environment, it does not
guarantee it will still works on production,
• From development to production is a permanent battle, with
confusion and uncertainty,
- «But it worked yesterday, and nothing has changed! But it works on
my machine! » Such kind of conversions are common in enterprise
• These phenomena illustrate
- the frustration of IT professionals facing non-reproducible behaviour
of their enterprise systems
- how hard it is of achieving Repeatable IT delivery

26. 26
Hardware virtualization
revolutionized
machine provision
Cloud technologies
industrialize
Datacentre provision
Container technology
revolutionized Appl. &
Services provision
Machine Datacentre Application & Service
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
Repeatable is hard, but it Progresses

27. 27
Repeatable “Machine Provision”
• Hardware virtualization revolutionized machine provision:
- You can create VM image with preinstalled OS and software,
- You can deploy new instance VM with identical configuration
• Hardware virtualization makes machine provision
Repeatable & Economic,
• Hardware virtualization creates a market valued of billions
USD
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
Source:MarketResearchFuture®
Server virtualization market size

28. 28
Industrialized “Datacentre Provision”
• Cloud technologies industrialize Datacentre provision with:
- One click on-demand VM deployment,
- Self-service of Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) deployment,
• Cloud technology uses virtualization technologies with prefabricated VM
images:
- 38 official Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
- 64K community provided AMI
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

29. 29
Surprise and Unexpected continue …
• Hardware virtualization is not enough,
• Strong coupling continue:
 VM are of multi-purposes & multi-contexts,
 Shared system components,
 Shared environments,
 Shared resources (RAM, CPU, NETWORK)
• Your programs are not alone, suffering from:
 Unexpected system changes,
 Unexpected impacts on others,
 Unexpected differences from DEV to production
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

30. 30
Containerization = Repeatable Application Delivery
• Containerization providing:
 Mono-purpose & mono-context image,
 Self-contained & isolated runtime,
 Light-weight, versioned, immutable image
• Containerized system:
 Protect you from unexpected system changes,
 Protect you from unexpected impacts on others,
 Use same image for all environments (Dev, Stage, Prod)
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

31. 31
Containers are Isolated
• A container run in an isolated Blackbox, and it
has its owner filesystem, RAM, CPU and
Network interfaces,
• You don’t see any difference from a traditional
operating system inside a container!
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
Ubuntu 18.04 Container
# docker run --name myubuntu -d -it ubuntu:18.04
# docker exec -it myubuntu bash
# ls -l

32. 32
Containers are Self-contained
• A container is a complete and independent unit of runtime!
• Containing all runtime components, independent of host
machine,
• That is why it runs exactly the same way on any platform having
Docker installed, regardless the nature of its host machine (cloud
or premise, VM or physique, version of host OS)
• That is why it runs exactly same way for all environments (Dev,
Stage, Prod)
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

33. 33
Containers are Light-weighted
• A Docker image of Alpine Linux with a
complete package index has only 5 MB in size!
• Nginx server based on Alpine Linux has only
16 MB in size!
• A container can be as big as a virtual machine,
and as little as a simple “Hello World”
program,
• A container start < 1 sec
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

34. 34
Container Images are Versioned
• Docker image is a self-contained archive with layered
structure. Each layer introduces its own changes but
never touches lower layers,
• Docker images are tagged (versioning) and identified
by a unique ID,
• Image layers are hashed for optimization, caching,
and share,
• Most importantly, a container image contains
everything needed for running!
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
1.0
1.1
2.0 2.3 3.0
5.0

35. 35
Containers are mono-purpose
• Containers are designed for mono-purpose &
mono-context application deployment,
• Containerized applications avoid :
 unexpected system changes by others,
 unexpected impacts on others,
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

36. 36
Containerization = Repeatable “Application Provision”
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION

37. 37
Etape n°2
Etape n°4
Etape n°3
REPEATABLE PROVISION AND CONTAINERIZATION
Hardware
Virtualization
Cloud
Technologies
Container
Technologies
Container
Technologies
Machine
Datacentre
Services
Applications
Repeatable Provision

38. 38
CONCLUSIVE REMARKS
Multi-cloud
Strategy
Innovation Agility
Reliable Service
Delivery
Reliable Application
provision
Change
management
Obsolescence
management
Strategic
Values

40. 40