This document summarizes the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It describes the three layers of skin - epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides protection. It has five distinct layers. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, contains fat and connective tissue. It also describes first, second, and third degree burns based on the depth of skin damage. Stretch marks and common skin injuries are also summarized.

1. Usman

2. Integumentary System B
y
Dr.Ijaz Ur Rehman

3. Integumentary System

4. Integumentry system
⚫Latin word Integumentum, A covering (skin)
⚫Help in differential diagnosis
⚫Functions
1. Protection
2. Containmentof body structure
3. Heat regulation
4. Sensation
5. Synthesisand storage

5. Skin
⚫Largestorgan of body
⚫Three layers includes:
⚫Epidermis ……superficial cellular layer
⚫Dermis ….Deepconnective tissue layer
⚫Hypodermis… fatty layer

6. Layers of skin
⚫Three layers
1. Epidermis (outer most)
2. Dermis (middle)
3. Hypodermis

8. Epidermis
⚫Outer most, Tough superficial layer, protective
⚫Composed of stratified squamous Epithelium
(keratinized squamous epithelium).
⚫Thickness varies.
⚫Regenerative and deep pigmented layer
⚫No blood vesselsand Lymphatic system so it is
Avascular Nourished by underlying Dermis
⚫Nerve endings … sensitive to touch, irritation and
temperature

9. Epidermis
Epidermis is avascular keratinized
epithelium with five distinct layers.
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

10. Dermis
⚫Collagen fiber (skin toghnessand strength)
⚫Elastic fiber Elasticity
⚫Tension line (longitudinal in limbs–)
⚫Hairfollicles
⚫Smooth arrector muscle
⚫Sebaceous glands
⚫Arteries, veins, nerves
⚫Nails, mammaryglands,
⚫Dermis (true skin) contains
Papillary layer
Reticular layer

11. Hypodermis/ subcutaneous tissue
⚫Between dermis and underlying fascia
⚫Subcutaneous tissue/superficial fascia
⚫Loose connective tissueand stored fat
⚫Distribution different atdifferent siteand gender
⚫Waist, thigh,
⚫Subcutaneous tissue ,, thermal regulation, insulator
⚫Protect from compression
⚫Sweatglands thermoregulation

12. Skin ligaments
⚫Numerous small fibrous bands, extend through
subcutaneous tissue
⚫Attach deep surface of dermis tounderlying deep
fascia
⚫Short and abundant ligamentskin firmlyattach to
underlying fascia
⚫Longerand thin --- skin more mobile

13. Skin color signs in physical
diagnosis
⚫Cyanoticappearance…. Bluishcolor
1. Person stopped breathing/defective circulation
2. Blood is notcarrying enough oxygen
3. Lips, eyelid, nails.
⚫Erythema skin injury, exposure toexcess heat,
infection, inflammation, allergic reaction.
⚫Jaundice – yellow appearance to skinand eyes
⚫Light skin…. Coloreasilychange

14. Stretch marks in skin
⚫Skin can stretch and grow
1. Abdominal enlargement , weight gain, pregnancy,
also in certain diseases (cushing, hypercortisolism)
2. Too much stretch can damage collagen fibers
3. Stretch mark appear--- wrinkled stretch---- first
purple--- red– white
4. Abdomen, buttocks, thigh, breast
5. Reduce (notdisappear) after pregnancy, weight loss

15. Skin injuries and wounds
⚫Laceration….. Accidental cuts orskin tears
⚫Superficial ordeep
⚫Burns … caused by,, therma; trauma, ultraviolet/
ionizing radiation, chemical agents

16. Burn assessment
⚫Ruleof nine
⚫Degree of burn
1. 1st degree surfacedamage, still intact
2. 2nd degree through epidermis into dermis, blisters
3. 3rd degree epidermis and dermis damaged
full thickness

17. First-Degree Burn – (formerly superficial)
⚫The surfaceof the skin is damaged, but theepidermis
is still intact, and therefore able to perform its
functions (control temperature and protect from
infection or injury)
⚫Symbolized by sunburn are dry, warm, painful, and
hypersensitive
⚫They heal without treatment
Usman

18. Second-Degree Burn – (formerly partial thickness)
⚫Damage through theepidermis and into thedermis
⚫Also known as partial-thickness burn
⚫Indicates a loss of skin function
⚫Superficial: red, painful, and potentially blistered
(classical sign)
⚫Deep: dry, white, and hyposensitive burns
Usman

19. Third-Degree Burn – (formerly full thickness)
⚫Destruction of both theepidermis and dermis
⚫Troublewith fluid loss, heat loss, and infection (same
as with second-degree burn)
⚫Anesthetic, white, avascular, dry, and leathery
appearing
Usman

22. ⚫thanks