In today's world, only an eye for photography doesn't make you a good photojournalist. There are several assets that help in clicking great pictures.

2. SKILL SETS OF TODAY’S PHOTOJOURNALISTS
A PRESENTATION BY:
SHARMITA DAS
BSC. MCAJ, SEMESTER-6
ROLL NO.-10102680019

3. HISTORY OF PHOTOJOURNALISM
• “A silent depiction of a million words”, an anonymous described
photography as such.
• Photojournalism ages back to the World War II when the
Germans used pictures in papers for the propaganda of Hitler.
• In the later eras, several magazines such as Picture
Post(London), Paris Match(Paris), Life(USA), etc., made avid use
of photojournalism, making 1930s-1960s the Golden Era of
Photography.
• The term “Photojournalism” was coined by Frank Luther Mott.
• In that era, the journalists had to carry heavy equipments, huge
cameras, big stands, etc., and thus photojournalism was a
tiresome job.

4. MODERN PHOTOJOURNALISM
• The beginning of modern photography dates back to 1925 in
Germany, the event being the invention of the first 35mm reel
camera, The Leica.
• Henri Cartier Bresson is considered as the Father of modern
photojournalism although several others like Eric Salomon share
the credit.
• Modernization started with candid photography that continued to
panoramic photography and several new styles.
• The Golden Age of modern photojournalism dates from 1935-1975
when images were actually used to depict words and photographs
accompanied almost all articles printed on newspapers or shown
in TV.

5. THE REVOLUTION
• There was a time when photojournalists carried manual Single Lens
Reflector cameras (SLR) before which Double lens reflectors and
Bellow Type cameras were in trend.
• With the invention of digital cameras, photography was taken to the
next level.
• Along with manual zoom lenses, photographers also started using
digital zoom cameras.
• Point and shoot cameras started filling up the pockets of even
professional photographers.
• The dark room existed, but negatives were replaced by digital
photographs and editing softwares.
• All heavy stands were replaced by light weight tripods made of steel
or plastic even.

6. LIST OF MANUAL SKILLS
• Photojournalists should be organized and practical have a good
range of photographic skills and “an eye for photography” .
• The biggest need of a photojournalist is DEDICATION.
• They should have the ability to deal with the unexpected in a calm
and professional manner, specially when working and lighting
conditions are less than ideal, and there is often only limited time
available to get the great for the brief.
• They should have good inter-personal skills along with business and
management skills, as both public and private businesses must be
financially accountable and meet performance targets.

8. LIST OF DIGITAL SKILLS
A keen eye, a way with words and a knack to put them both together, with a
steady hand and a clear sense of manual adjustments make a photojournalist…
 Photojournalists should be able to edit photographs using digital
softwares like Photoshop, Photoscape, CorelDraw, etc. They
should also know how to develop photographs from negatives in
case of film cameras.
 They should have the idea of “Shooting the Suitable”, that
is, clicking and putting photographs that are suitable to the actual
article.
 They should know the end use of photographs and how to use
them for brochures, annual reports, internal
newsletters, websites, publicity and PR.
 They should know the use of all digital skill sets of photography.

10. • DIGITAL CAMERA
 Point-and-shoot camera
 Bridge camera
 Digital SLR
• MOBILE PHONE CAMERA
• SMART PHONE CAMERA
• CONNECTED CAMERA ( THE LATEST ASSET)

11. DIGITAL CAMERA
• Digital and film cameras share an optical system, typically using
a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup
device. The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light
to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is
electronic rather than chemical. However, unlike film cameras, digital
cameras can display images on a screen immediately after being
recorded, and store and delete images from memory. Many digital
cameras can also record moving video with sound. Some digital
cameras can crop and stitch pictures and perform other
elementary image editing.
• Most cameras sold today are digital and digital cameras are
incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile
phones (called camera phones) to vehicles.

12. POINT-AND-SHOOT CAMERAS
• As per the name, they come with a tagline, “Now anybody can be a
photographer”.
• Being digital, they have screen displays and live previews and many, now
come with video recording facilities.
• Their biggest advantage is their small size. Known as compact cameras,
they are portable with retractable fixed lens and thus, very useful for
photojournalists working under critical conditions.
• Most compact cameras now have mega zoom lenses up to 10-15x along
with wide angle. Thus, photojournalists find it easy when they don’t have to
carry multiple lenses for multiple photographic purposes.

13. •Many of them are dust and
water resistant, but their
disadvantage is that, they don’t
function in very low
temperature.
•They have inbuilt flash and
several modes along with auto
mode, like non-flash mode,
night mode, etc.
•Their main disadvantage is that
they use low image sensors of
range 6-11mm, corresponding to
a crop factor between 7 and 4.
This gives them weaker low-
light performance, greater depth
of field, generally closer
focusing ability, and smaller
components than cameras
using larger sensors.

14. BRIDGE CAMERAS
• These are higher end digital cameras physically resembling the
DSLRs and sharing some of their features, but using a fixed lens and
a small sensor like a compact camera.
• Like others, they have a contrast-detect mechanism for autofocus but
many have manual focus like DSLRs with some having separate
manual rings.
• They have longer shutter-lag than normal DSLRs but they are
capable of quite a good quality picture (with sufficient light) while
being more compact and lighter than DSLRs.

15. In low light conditions and/or at ISO equivalents above 800, most
bridge cameras (or mega zooms) lack in image quality when compared
to even entry level DSLRs. However, their larger depth of field due to
small size is usually an advantage in snapshots and sometimes in
more studied work.

16. DIGITAL SLR CAMERA
• Along with manual adjustments, SLR cameras mostly have
automatic modes like night mode, incandescent mode, etc., along
with settings for auto aperture and shutter priority.
• They have dust reduction systems and image stabilization systems
to reduce noise in photographs and prevent blur in long handheld
exposures.
• With the facility of interchangeable lens, one can change the lens
according to ones needs. For example, zoom lens for photography in
a bird sanctuary and macro for a butterfly.

18. •Many DSLRs come with a high definition video recording mode that
offers a plus point for photojournalists as they can record any
sudden important event.
•Apart from viewfinder, most DSLR cameras have live display on
LCD back screens. Some even have rotator screens that can be
adjusted according to the camera set up.
•Large sensor sizes, better image quality, depth-of-field
control, wider angle and touch up facilities to edit pictures in the
camera itself help the photojournalists hugely.

19. CAMERA MOBILE PHONES
• Usually mobile cameras have fixed lenses with little or no zoom
facilities.
• Some higher models have inbuilt flash but most models cone without
flash.
• Most video cameras have video recording facilities.
• Some upgraded models have focusing facilities.
• The quality of images are low because of low sensor/pixel size.
• Instead of all the drawbacks, mobile cameras are immediate helping
hands for journalists when they are without a cameraman and have
to suddenly capture any important and sudden event.

20. SMARTPHONES
• Built on mobile operating
system, the smartphone, with
more advanced computing
and connecting capabilities,
can be referred to as a
personal digital assistant.
• Their cameras, though low-
end digital, have quite good
picture quality.
• Most of them are provided
with a front camera along
with a back end camera
accompanied by flash.

21. • Although they have much lower
zooming qualities, aperture and
shutter speed than professional
cameras, smartphones have
exceptional focusing quality
which helps in macro
photography.
• They also have HDR,
Panorama and Instagram
facilities along with several
editing softwares installed.
• They provide exceptional
connectivity that helps the
photographer in case he has to
send photographs immediately.

23. CONNECTED CAMERA-SAMSUNG’S
NEWEST INVENTION
• The latest device – powered by Google’s Android software like
many key Samsung gadgets including Galaxy S smartphones or
Galaxy Tab tablets – operates more like a smartphone.
• The “Galaxy” camera, named after the Korean firm’s signature
smartphone and tablet PC series, enables users to upload photos
and videos directly to the Internet without having to hook it up to
a computer.
• It allows users to download apps aimed at polishing photos or
videos, automatically share images stored in the camera with
certain mobile devices located nearby, or to have the images
automatically stored in a cloud-computing server.

24. Users have to subscribe to wireless plans to use the gadget, featuring
a 4.8-inch LCD touch screen, a 21x optical lens and Android features.

25. With all these gadgets, photojournalism has
become easier. Thus…
HAPPY PHOTOGRAPHY!!!