Site management involves controlling construction projects on a daily basis to keep them on time, budget, and ensure quality, health and safety. Effective site layout planning is important to maximize efficiency and productivity. It involves identifying temporary facility needs and optimally placing them considering factors like material flow, equipment access, and worker welfare. Key elements of site layout include safety provisions, site access, security, accommodation, storage, and material handling areas. Proper planning helps avoid issues like double material handling and accidents.
Most construction sites that run into trouble do so for reasons related to managerial factors rather than because of technical problems. The site-based management can make significant improvements in the cost and time savings during the construction process without involving a mass of additional work. The role of site managers is to control and maintain work performance and then taking actions to rectify situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Concepts and Formulas of Construction Site Layout Planning Elements:
A well-planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to: 1) increasing productivity and safety, 2) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and 3) maximizing utilization. The following points should be considered in good site layout
Site layout planning can affect productivity and is crucial to project success. However, as construction is heterogeneous in the nature of its organizations, project designs, time constraints, environmental effects, etc., site layout planning for each project becomes unique. Affected by many uncertainties variables! And variations, site layout planning is a typical multi objective problem.
Problem solving requires representing the problem in a language that problem solvers can understand. However, solutions of most construction problems rely on empirical Knowledge about the site layout that can be as a site space allocation for material storage, working areas, units of accommodation, plant positions, general circulation areas, and also access and egress for deliveries and emergency services. Furthermore, conflicting objectives and the uniqueness of construction projects like bad site layout make the problems difficult to conceptualize and define.
Most construction sites that run into trouble do so for reasons related to managerial factors rather than because of technical problems. The site-based management can make significant improvements in the cost and time savings during the construction process without involving a mass of additional work. The role of site managers is to control and maintain work performance and then taking actions to rectify situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Concepts and Formulas of Construction Site Layout Planning Elements:
A well-planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to: 1) increasing productivity and safety, 2) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and 3) maximizing utilization. The following points should be considered in good site layout
Site layout planning can affect productivity and is crucial to project success. However, as construction is heterogeneous in the nature of its organizations, project designs, time constraints, environmental effects, etc., site layout planning for each project becomes unique. Affected by many uncertainties variables! And variations, site layout planning is a typical multi objective problem.
Problem solving requires representing the problem in a language that problem solvers can understand. However, solutions of most construction problems rely on empirical Knowledge about the site layout that can be as a site space allocation for material storage, working areas, units of accommodation, plant positions, general circulation areas, and also access and egress for deliveries and emergency services. Furthermore, conflicting objectives and the uniqueness of construction projects like bad site layout make the problems difficult to conceptualize and define.
It is a presentation on facility layout which covers the definition of layout, objectives of good layout, factors affecting layout and types of layout.
Plant Layout
Facility Layout Planning
Product Layout
Process Layout
Fixed position layout
Cellular layout
Factors affecting location plant
Merit and Demerits
Plant Layout Principles
An Assembly line
U shaped assembly line
Assembly line balancing
Cellular layout and Group Technology
It is a presentation on facility layout which covers the definition of layout, objectives of good layout, factors affecting layout and types of layout.
Plant Layout
Facility Layout Planning
Product Layout
Process Layout
Fixed position layout
Cellular layout
Factors affecting location plant
Merit and Demerits
Plant Layout Principles
An Assembly line
U shaped assembly line
Assembly line balancing
Cellular layout and Group Technology
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Site management
It is the day-to-day on site control of a construction
project. The purpose is:-
to prepare the site for the construction,
to keep it within the timescale and budget,
to tackle with any delays or problems
to ensure quality, health and safety
to coordinate communications between all
parties involved in the on-site development and
with the public.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
3. The site-based management can make significant
improvements in the cost and time savings during the
construction process without involving a mass of
additional work.
The role of site managers is to control and maintain
work performance and then taking actions to rectify
situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
4. Site Management, in general, involves many tasks,
such as
Site investigation before construction process starts,
Material delivery and procurement management,
Keeping better site records,
Keeping good site communication and high level of
information flow,
Monitoring performance regularly, establishing a well
co-ordination system among different parts, and
Performing a good site layout planning.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
5. Construction site layout planning (site planning):
It is the process of determining what temporary
facilities (TF) will be needed during construction,
where each TF will be placed on site and the
duration each TF will occupy a finite area on site.
It is prepared by the contractor as part of their
mobilization activities before work on site
commences.
Construction site must be carefully organized so
that construction activity is in full swing or ensuring
the continuous (uninterrupted) operation during
construction.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
6. Construction site layout planning Objective:
Site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations in
order to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time
and to reduce cost
It must create a project with a good work environment in order
to attract and retain the best personnel and thus contribute to
better work quality and productivity.
A well planned site including all facilities and utilities lead to:
increasing efficiency utilization of resources( productivity,
materials) and safety reducing area(s) needed for temporary
construction maximizing utilization. A detailed planning of the site
layout and location of temporary facilities can make improvement by
minimizing travel time, waiting time, and increasing worker morale by
showing better and safer work environment.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
7. If there is no effective and systematic approach to site
planning, extensive time loss and cost overruns could
result in large projects, where the number of manpower,
subcontractors, and equipment involved are high.
It is a part of technical preparation of the construction
site in case of physically challenging situations such as:
small/narrow space on plots
significant inclination
heavy traffic
obstacles in material logistic
heritage protected buildings, objects, zones
special technical challenges
Construction Site Organization and
Management
8. What are the requirements ?
A. Optimization: time, cost, material logistic and transport.
B. Minimize: accidents, damage and health injury, resource
consumption, transport times, material loss and waste.
C. Maximize: work safety, work and operation efficiency.
It is not a static plan –a process is planed!
Methods
A. Intuitive method: based on personal experience, company
traditions and random decisions.
B. Computer aided method: Based on mathematical models:
Generic algorithm
Fuzzy logic system
Neutral network
Construction Site Organization and
Management
10. The ways to improve the efficiency of the construction site
layout planning are
Good and systematic early planning
Requires knowledge and experience about the site
layout
Increase the level of safety at construction site
Good communication among workers in conveying
information
Provides design guidelines and examples of good and
efficient site layout
Using software to simulate the course of activities at
construction site
Construction Site Organization and
Management
11. Problems That Occur Due to Poor Site Layout
Failure to plan the site layout in advance is a prime cause of
operational inefficiency, and can increase the overall cost of
a project substantially.
In the absence of a precise site layout plan, the following
problems may occur.
Construction Site Organization and
Management
A. Someone guesses to be the correct location. This problem may
involve double or triple handling of materials to another location. For
example:
They may stocked over a drainage line or near the edge of excavation;
They are too far from the work area;
They are too remote from the hoist or not within the radius of the crane;
They impede the smooth flow of work traffic across the site;
Their delivery was wrongly phased, and they are not needed until much
later in the project;
12. Construction Site Organization and
Management
B. Plant and equipment wrongly located. For example:
The mixer is inaccessible for the delivery of materials;
not enough room for the storage of aggregates;
Fixed cranes are unable to reach all parts of the works;
Hoists have insufficient capacity or height to handle the
loads or badly located in relation to the floor layout;
C. Inadequate space allowed. Where inadequate space is
allowed for the stacking of materials or activities:
Materials may be stacked to high or stacked on roadways
causing hazards.
Working areas may become too cramped or additional
areas may have to be allocated with the consequent
waste of time caused by having to travel between them.
13. Construction Site Organization and
Management
D. Site huts /Sheds wrongly located in relation to their effective
use such as:
Site office located too near noisy activities such as mixer,
or located too near to site roads in dusty conditions, or
too remote with insufficient overview of the site.
Warehouses having inadequate access for loading and
unloading or located in insecure area.
Therefore,
before moving on to a site, it is necessary to prepare a
detailed site plan, showing the positions to be taken by
every item of equipment, accommodation, ancillary work
areas and materials storage areas.
14. The Effect of Poor Site Layout Design
Double handling materials
Accident occurs at the site
Vandalism and material lost
Increase distance travels in site
Increase cost of project
Increase completion time of project
Reduce the quality of works
Construction Site Organization and
Management
15. Construction site layout involves
Identifying, Sizing, and Placing temporary facilities
(TFs) within the boundaries of construction site.
These temporary facilities range from simple lay-
down areas to warehouses, fabrication shops,
maintenance shops, batch plant, and residence
facilities
Construction Site Organization and
Management
Site Layout Elements
16. Site Layout Elements
■ Safety:
– Fire prevention, fire extinguishers are basic
requirements on a construction project
– Medical services: a first aid kit is a must. In remote
projects a well-equipped medical room with a doctor
and nurse is important
– Construction safety clothing
■ Site Accessibility; easy accessibility will keep the morale
of the equipment and vehicle drivers high, minimize the
chance of accidents, and save time in maneuvering to
arrive at and leave the project (roads, parking lots)
Construction Site Organization and
Management
17. Site Layout Elements
■ Information Signs
– Site map showing gates escape ways;
– Traffic regulatory signs
– Display of safety rules
– Emergency routes and underground services
■ Security
– Entrance (proper guard entrance to the site)
– Lighting (standby generator to maintain site lighting)
– Fencing (boundaries should be fenced off from a
security point of view)
Construction Site Organization and
Management
18. Site Layout Elements
■ Accommodation
– It is necessary to provide camp accommodation for
all type of staff involved in the project
■ Offices
– Offices should be close together, close to the site, and
in a safe area
– Provide proper office equipment
■ Water Supply and Sanitation
– It is necessary to have water and toilet facilities in
convenient
– locations to accommodate the work force
Construction Site Organization and
Management
19. Site Layout Elements
■ Material Handling
– One third or more of all construction operations can be
classified as material handling
– Use of proper equipment for handling and planning for
minimizing multiple handling results in cost and time savings
■ Storage and site cleaning
– Laydown areas; storage of large materials and equipment
– Warehouses: sheltered storage facilities
– Material staging areas: materials are stored near the work on
a short-term basis
– Site cleaning: It is necessary to keep work place clean from
debris
Construction Site Organization and
Management
20. Site Layout Elements
■ Craft Change-Houses
– It provides sheltered space for craft personnel to change and
store clothes, wash, and rest during waiting periods
■ Batch plant and Fabrication Shops
– Batch plants are provided on projects where it is more
economical to produce concrete on site
– Aggregate storage piles, cement silos and admixture tanks will
accompany an on-site batch plant
– Shops are used where materials and equipment are fabricated
on site: electrical, mechanical, carpentry, etc.
– Testing shops used to house the testing equipment
Construction Site Organization and
Management
22. Temporary Facilities Characteristics
■ Satisfying environmental and safety regulations (batch plant,
etc.)
■ Availability of diverse solutions for the same problem (build
on site, rent a building, ..)
■ Relatively short life span of a specific location
■ Reutilization with a minimum loss for the same or modified
function at another location
■ Easy of assembly, dismantling, and exploitation; Prefabricated
modules are ideal for constructing temporary facilities and they
are usually easy to assemble and dismantle
■ Standardization of design; This approach makes the
maintenance, transportation and storage of temporary facilities
easy. The benefits of the learning curve can be gained from
repetitive field operations
23. Considerations of selecting temporary facilities:
■ Construction type: The construction of an industrial
plant, power plant, requires more storage and
fabrication area than other projects such as a highway
project
■ Type of contract: For turn-key contract, the
contractor can consolidate the administrative and
construction operations, means fewer but larger and
more efficient temporary facilities can be selected. On
the other hand, if the project is managed under a
series of different contracts, this will translate into a
higher number of smaller temporary facilities serving
each individual contractor.
Construction Site Organization and Management
Facilities Selection
24. Considerations of selecting temporary facilities:
■ Project size: A small project can be managed from a
trailer or portable structure. While a five to ten year
project may need temporary facilities of a more
permanent nature
■ Project location: Projects located in uninhabited regions
or in places where skilled labor is scarce require
additional facilities for eating and living. Project far from
industrial centers require more on site services such as
batch plant, equipment maintenance shops, long term
storage area, and even some other recreational centers for
the families
25. Construction Site Zones
Construction Site Organization and
Management
Central zone: The structure and the
closest place around. (Usually place
for tower crane, lifting equipment,
scaffolding)
Internal zone: Uploading places,
active depots (e.g. formwork,
prefabricated elements, etc.)
Intermediate zone: The tower crane
still reaches this zone. Facilities of
prefabrication, inactive depots.
External zone: The tower crane
does not reaches this zone. Ideal for
temporary facilities, staging
buildings, parking places, small
machine and power tool container,
etc.
26. Construction Site Zones
Construction Site Organization and
Management
L1: local labor force (5 km from
site). No lodging or transportation
needs
L2: nearby labor force (5 - 60 km
from site). No lodging needs, but
daily transportation needed
L3: far away (more than 60 km
from site). Lodging facilities
needed
29. ■ The size of temporary facilities is mainly
based on
– Manpower requirements
– Estimated quantity of work
– Production rate of resources
– Availability of site space, and
– Cost considerations
– safety regulations
Construction Site Organization and
Management
30. ■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities
Construction Site Organization and
Management
■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities: offices
31. ■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities: project cost
Construction Site Organization and
Management
■ Material Storage Area
32. Construction Site Organization and
Management
TRAFFIC ON THE SITE
Temporary or final roads should satisfy
gradient of the slopes: <10% (<15%) , one track lane:
3,00m and two track lane: (5,50-6,00m)
material: compressed soil, crushed stone, concrete,
asphalt, etc.
minimal turning radius: depends of the machinery
turning of machinery: (around the axis), Y-turn, U-
turn, roundabout
parking space requirement: for the working staff + site
management
entrances: passenger and vehicles separated (keep
close to minimum)
33. Simplified Step By Step
1) Collect all the input information and questions about the building
2) Collect all the input information and questions about the site and environment
3) Arrange the site layout, make your decisions:
a. Mark the neighborhood and the environment (roads, trees, etc.)
b. Mark the site and the existing elements of the building
c. Main equipment
d. Main materials and depots
e. Inside roads
f. Welfare facilities (calculated amount)
g. Health & safety objects
h. Further materials (e.g. sound proofing) and waste containers
i. Further equipment (scaffolding, etc.)
j. Further objects
k. Infrastructures
l. Compose the construction description
4) Check the layout, check the activity schedule, check the resource, check the cost
Construction Site Organization and
Management
34. Site Planning Step By Step
Step 1:- Site Geometry And Topography
Construction Site Organization and
Management
35. Step 2 – Infrastructure and Traffic
Construction Site Organization and
Management
36. Step 3. Equipment and Installations
Construction Site Organization and
Management
38. Construction site layout plan document content
1.Graphic representations(Drawings):
site map
general site plan
organizational phase plans
detailed operation plans
2. Written documentations:
technical description of the building (information on all kind
of input)
detailed description of the selected technologies
detailed site description (public roads, storages, depots,
materials, facilities, transportation, etc.)
work safety documentation
description on machinery, equipment, temporary objects
waste management documentation
supporting calculations and schedule
Construction Site Organization and
Management