course material

1. Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example PaperQuantitative and Quantitative
StudiesBackgroundHealth practitioners around the world agree that breastfeeding should
continue for at least six months, since breastfeeding and maternal milk intake are regular
and important nutrients for infants. These experts argue that breastfeeding is the best
effective diet because it is available at all times. Breast milk is predominantly safe, clean
and provides the temperature needed. Tang et al. (2019) stated that breast milk is the most
suitable nutrient for all infants, particularly sick and preterm babies. Amidst the commonly
accepted importance of breast milk, there are several barriers that impede many women's
willingness to breastfeed, such as insufficient help from health practitioners. According to
the study by Yohmi et al. (2015), breastfeeding education is not classified as major nursing
education at the same period, and nursing students are not adequately trained to help
mothers who are breastfeeding. Therefore, there is a necessity to better educate mothers
regarding to ensure breastfeeding is adequate, appropriate, and exclusive. Any education
that focuses on breastfeeding is the expertise of various health professionals, especially
midwives and nurses, who offer vital knowledge regarding breastfeeding to mothers, its
comorbidities, advantages and effective strategies. The social interaction between the nurse
or midwife and a pregnant woman, postpartum mother, her immediate relatives or the
whole group is the foundation for the interaction that emanates during school.
Consequently, incorporating breastfeeding into nursing education offers the requisite
expertise for nursing students to support mothers who are breastfeeding. In order to
increase the success of nursing education, one can adopt didactic standards in its execution
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER
HEREAccording to Radzyminski & Callister, (2016), successful rates of breastfeeding in new
mothers with infants in hospital settings vary depending on the support and care received
during the hospital tenure that was based on the professional support being given. It was
determined that hospital staff, including physicians, have a tremendous influence on the
successful breastfeeding initiation and duration rates. The research study conducted by
Garner et al. (2016) focused on the premise that nurses, physicians, and other health
professionals are in a unique position to offer support for breastfeeding in new mothers
based on their visits and interactions with both mothers and infants.How do these articles
support the nurse practice issue you chose?The PICOT question will be answered by
Radzyminki’s & Callister’s (2015) research. This study will answer the PICOT question by
carefully evaluating the levels of breastfeeding education and the benefits in both infants

2. and mothers. The financial impact of breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months presents on the
infant and the economy whereby $13 billion could be saved each year. Exclusive
breastfeeding intervention on the infants highlighted in the articles will have several
positive impacts, such as reducing chronic diseases on a short-term and long-term
basis. Garner et.al. (2015) presents the question of how does discontinuing breastfeeding
care impacts new mothers and infants? Breastfeeding intervention compares to the PICOT
question because it highlights the benefits of educating new mothers on breastfeeding care
and how beneficial it is to new-born infants. The research provided by the article indicates
many health professionals felt that they were being relied on to provide the bulk of the
information and education for breastfeeding care for which they were not fully
equipped.The second study by Yohmi et al. (2015) aims at assessing the efficacy of antenatal
breastfeeding education for enhancing breastfeeding duration and initiation. It involved
simple random sampling design to analysis the effectiveness of breastfeeding education.
This study also supports the nursing practice concern by improving the hospitalized infant’s
quality of life through increase of breastfeeding initiation and duration Research Critique
Guidelines Essay Example Paper.Method of Study:Radzyminski & Callister’s (2015) research
took the form of a qualitative descriptive study to determine the impact that healthcare
professionals’ attitudes and beliefs surrounding breastfeeding had on the information that
was being shared with new-born mothers. They reviewed journal articles such as WHO
reports, peer journal articles on breastfeeding and lactation, USA Department of Health, and
the AAP report on breastfeeding (Radzyminski & Callister, 2015). The authors did an
additional review to identify the impact of practice development initiatives to improve
breastfeeding rates, as well as those factors that were causally related to the
discontinuation of breastfeeding between the time of discharge and up to 2 weeks
postpartum, based on a nurse’s knowledge and attitude towards provision of breastfeeding
support in medical institutions. The article's systematic review delivered a clear and
comprehensive overview of the evidence of how physician and hospital staff’s attitude and
behaviors impacted breastfeeding decisions. The review methodology's limitations were
since the study was a cross-sectional study where participants were interviewed only once,
and this convenience sampling used reflected the perspective of the sample which limited
the transferability of the study.The study Garner et al., (2015) incorporated a systematic
review of peer-reviewed publications. Some of the publications systematically reviewed by
Garner et.al included information from the Health Resource and Services Administration,
Women’s Preventative Service Guidelines, the Breastfeeding Residency Curriculum, and
Breastfeeding information in pediatric textbooks. Upon reviewing the various publications
information, Garner et.al, (2015) reaffirmed its previous recommendations updating skillset
for healthcare professionals in a pediatric healthcare setting which enhances breastfeeding
understanding and implementation. The benefit of the study's methodology is that it
assessed a broader range of journal articles, thus giving adequate updated information on
why discontinuity of breastfeeding affects more women in lower socioeconomic groups and
why low support in the form of education and resources puts both mothers and infants at a
higher risk for breastfeeding outcomes. The study's limitation was a lack of adequate study
summaries and insufficient information on the study design's characteristics.The study by

3. Tang et al. (2019) was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, and it involved a
community analysis was undertaken in China's 12 physically specified areas. The
participants were chosen using a multi-stage sampling methodology. Due to the
demographic composition and the state of maternal and child health and social growth, a
demographic proportionate sampling procedure was used in the first step. The 12 study
locations were selected with caution, with the objective of optimizing regional diversity
(including central, eastern, southern, and western regions of somewhat different climates
and cultures), socioeconomic diversity (including prosperous cities and poor interior
country regions, and cities of varying population numbers), and maternal and newborn
health. The study by Yohmi et al. (2015) utilized a random sampling design.Both of these
quantitative researches used the non-experimental research design. The benefit of this
method is that it makes a significant contribution in the research process in a situation
where experimentation is not desired or feasible. It is also used to provide temporary
recommendations concerning the research practice. The limitation is that non-experimental
research occurs in a real-life environment; hence it is impossible for the researcher to
control all likely variables. This implies that it is difficult to define causality in non-
experimental research, but also that they are likely to be suppler and give room for a
broader range of issues to be studied Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example
PaperResults of StudyIn the Tang et al. (2019) survey, among those with a family budget of
40001–80000 yuan, there was no substantial correlation between breastfeeding education
and EBF occurrence. There was a particular detrimental link regarding breastfeeding
education and the occurrence of EBF for those with a family income of less than 40000 yuan
and more than 80000 yuan. When contrasting people with a primary school degree or less
to those with a bachelor's degree or more, those with a basic education or less have a higher
incidence of EBF (36.54 percent; 95 percent CI: 29.93 percent to 43.15 percent) (11.61
percent ; 95 percent CI: 10.58 percent to 12.65 percent ). By contrasting those with a
household income of >80000yuan, those with a primary or lower education (26.83 percent;
95 percent CI: 26.63 percent to 27.03 percent) had a higher incidence of EBF than those
with a graduate education or more (9.69 percent ; 95 percent CI: 8.14 percent to 11.23
percent ). In the second study by Yohmi et al. (2015) . No group variations were observed
for the length of some breastfeeding within days or weeks. There has been no indication
that therapy increased the percentage of people with some form of breastfeeding after three
to six months. The implications of two studies on my nursing practice is that it is in bar with
the PICOT question. As a health practitioner, we seek into enhancing overall health
outcomes but not diagnosis. We are focused on improving infant’s quality of life by
providing breastfeeding education to mothers.According to Radzyminski & Callister (2015),
a collaborative group related to World Health Organization found that healthcare
professionals did not know how to help as they lacked both the assessment and therapeutic
skills needed to provide the support new mothers needed at the time of deciding to
breastfeed or not. The study is significant showed that professional attitudes towards
educating mothers on breastfeeding were dependent on the follow-up care they would
receive at home or in the workplace, the effects of having a job on the breastfeeding routine,
and the fact that there were very few opportunities for information on breastfeeding to be

4. shared effectively from the time the infant is born and the time of discharge. The study is of
considerable importance because it offers comprehensive explorative research that has
yielded an expansive knowledge of evidence-based practices that nursing practitioners can
use in their daily interactions with breastfeeding mothers Research Critique Guidelines
Essay Example Paper.Garner et.al. (2016), research results indicate that the role of health
professionals in providing breastfeeding support is significant and that the gap that exists in
increasing the number is causally related to the information and resources available to the
health professional to fully support newborns and mothers. The study identified the unique
and impactful role that health professionals have in support of new mothers and infants and
their interactions provide the opportunities to advocate for mothers to breastfeed. The
study also highlighted the fact that there is a significant lack of skills and training given to
healthcare professionals to equip them for a prenatal and postpartum continuum of care for
new mothers and infants and that the opportunity should be afforded to assist with
breastfeeding knowledge.Ethical ConsiderationsSome of the ethical considerations in
research include informed consent and respect for privacy and confidentiality. Respect of
privacy ethical consideration involves upholding respondent's rights to remain anonymous,
and their personal information kept confidential. Radzyminski & Callister (2015) proposed
that increasing or improving the levels of educations of the healthcare professional with
evidence-based focused learning approaches in a clinical setting will greatly enhance the
benefits for mothers and infants and that providing resources in the form of maternal
education on breastfeeding benefits including community resources available will impact
the level of episodes of successful breastfeeding. Health professionals need breastfeeding
education and support from their organizations to act as breastfeeding supporters. Mothers
benefit from breastfeeding encouragement and guidance that supports their self-efficacy
and feelings of being capable and empowered and is tailored to their individual needs.
Despite the existence of these problems, studies show that the benefits outweigh the
problems identified Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.Garner et.al. (2016)
study showed that breastfeeding is an important initiative that should be practiced by every
mother to improve the cognitive and general development of the infants and should be
practiced by every mother to improve the cognitive and general development of the infants.
That health professionals play a vital role in the continuity of care when it comes to the
breastfeeding initiative and that there exists a unique opportunity to be able to provide
additional support for new mothers which would significantly decrease the gap of care for
new mothers and infants. The primary gaps identified through Patnode et al.'s (2016) study
were that women needed more support and the role of health professionals through
pediatric support offices, hospitals, resources through Special Supplemental Nutrition
programs, and more was vital in those first few hours of care. By assessing the effectiveness
of the contact between health professionals and new mothers revealed an uncertainty in
accessing effectiveness based on their level of knowledge.Outcomes ComparisonThe
anticipated outcome of the PICOT question is to increase the breastfeeding support of
hospitalized infants by providing breastfeeding education.The outcome in the study by
Garner et al. (2016) shows the importance of conducting health professionals training to
improve breastfeeding care for mother-infant dyads while the outcome of the research by

5. Radzyminski & Callister (2015) indicates that healthcare professionals' education has been
linked with improved breastfeeding levels, higher maternal overall satisfaction, and an
increased degree of clinical competence and skills.The outcome of the study by Tang et al.
(2019) reports an improvement in child and maternal outcomes, increased rates and
duration of breastfeeding and reduction of associated harm hence they relate to the
anticipated outcomes.The outcome of by Yohmi et al. (2015) indicates an improvement in
infant wellbeing through provision of antenatal breastfeeding education. Evaluation
techniques that encompass actions for protection, promotion, and support for breastfeeding
practice were also established hence they are in bar with the anticipated
outcomes.Proposed Evidence-Based Practice ChangeThe evidence –based strategy
proposed for this project is education local partners on how working together is a benefit
that will both broaden the referral base and reduce any of the expenses associated with the
program's initial launch and marketing. A breastfeeding clinic is a low-cost service that can
be seen as a starting point. There are no many clinical or educational resources that will
have to be provided. Before the of the lactation center, a plan to stabilize breastfeeding will
be helpful, since there might be misconceptions that breastfeeding occurs naturally and
effortlessly to all people. It's important to educate the hospital's doctors and nurses about
how to evaluate mothers and babies for breastfeeding problems and send them to the
lactation center for help with latch problems, nipple discomfort, and mastitis. Most health
care providers are untrained in breastfeeding and have no understanding about how to deal
with problems like overproduction, discomfort, or even drug usage when breastfeeding
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.Quantitative StudiesTang, K., Wang, H.,
Tan, S. H., Xin, T., Qu, X., Tang, T., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., & Gaoshan, J. (2019). Association between
maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: A population-based cross-
sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(8), e028485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-
028485Yohmi, E., Marzuki, N. S., Nainggolan, E., Partiwi, I. G., Sjarif, B. H., & Oswari, H.
(2016). Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia: A qualitative and quantitative
study. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 55(6), 302. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi55.6.2015.302-
8BackgroundHealth practitioners around the world agree that breastfeeding should
continue for at least six months, since breastfeeding and maternal milk intake are regular
and important nutrients for infants. These experts argue that breastfeeding is the best
effective diet because it is available at all times. Breast milk is predominantly safe, clean
and provides the temperature needed. Tang et al. (2019) stated that breast milk is the most
suitable nutrient for all infants, particularly sick and preterm babies. Amidst the commonly
accepted importance of breast milk, there are several barriers that impede many women's
willingness to breastfeed, such as insufficient help from health practitioners. According to
the study by Yohmi et al. (2015), breastfeeding education is not classified as major nursing
education at the same period, and nursing students are not adequately trained to help
mothers who are breastfeeding. Therefore, there is a necessity to better educate mothers
regarding to ensure breastfeeding is adequate, appropriate, and exclusive. Any education
that focuses on breastfeeding is the expertise of various health professionals, especially
midwives and nurses, who offer vital knowledge regarding breastfeeding to mothers, its
comorbidities, advantages and effective strategies. The social interaction between the nurse

6. or midwife and a pregnant woman, postpartum mother, her immediate relatives or the
whole group is the foundation for the interaction that emanates during school.
Consequently, incorporating breastfeeding into nursing education offers the requisite
expertise for nursing students to support mothers who are breastfeeding. In order to
increase the success of nursing education, one can adopt didactic standards in its execution
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.How do these two articles support the
nurse practice issue you chose?PICOT question chosen for this study is: Will having access
to Breastfeeding educational programs for Pediatric Nurses help to increase the
breastfeeding support of those pediatric nurses to hospitalized infants when compared to
other pediatric nurses without the same support or resources?The first article by Tang et al.
(2019) utilized a nationally representative demographic -basedCross-sectional design from
77 counties in twelve regions .It is focused importance of breastfeeding to infants and the
benefits of pediatric nurses providing education on breatfeeding to mothers. This article
supports the nursing practice problem by enhancing hospitalized infants health outcomes
through provision of breastfeeding education.The second study by Yohmi et al. (2015) aims
at assessing the efficacy of antenatal breastfeeding education for enhancing breastfeeding
duration and initiation. It involved simple random sampling design to analysis the
effectiveness of breastfeeding education. This study also supports the nursing practice
concern by improving the hospitalized infant’s quality of life through increase of
breastfeeding initiation and duration.Method of Study:The study by Tang et al. (2019) was
conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, and it involved a community analysis was
undertaken in China's 12 physically specified areas. The participants were chosen using a
multi-stage sampling methodology. Due to the demographic composition and the state of
maternal and child health and social growth, a demographic proportionate sampling
procedure was used in the first step. The 12 study locations were selected with caution,
with the objective of optimizing regional diversity (including central, eastern, southern, and
western regions of somewhat different climates and cultures), socioeconomic diversity
(including prosperous cities and poor interior country regions, and cities of varying
population numbers), and maternal and newborn health. The study by Yohmi et al. (2015)
utilized a random sampling design Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.Both
of these quantitative researches used the non-experimental research design. The benefit of
this method is that it makes a significant contribution in the research process in a situation
where experimentation is not desired or feasible. It is also used to provide temporary
recommendations concerning the research practice. The limitation is that non-experimental
research occurs in a real-life environment; hence it is impossible for the researcher to
control all likely variables. This implies that it is difficult to define causality in non-
experimental research, but also that they are likely to be suppler and give room for a
broader range of issues to be studiedORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HEREResults of
StudyIn the Tang et al. (2019) survey, among those with a family budget of 40001–80000
yuan, there was no substantial correlation between breastfeeding education and EBF
occurrence. There was a particular detrimental link regarding breastfeeding education and
the occurrence of EBF for those with a family income of less than 40000 yuan and more
than 80000 yuan. When contrasting people with a primary school degree or less to those

7. with a bachelor's degree or more, those with a basic education or less have a higher
incidence of EBF (36.54 percent; 95 percent CI: 29.93 percent to 43.15 percent) (11.61
percent ; 95 percent CI: 10.58 percent to 12.65 percent ). By contrasting those with a
household income of >80000yuan, those with a primary or lower education (26.83 percent;
95 percent CI: 26.63 percent to 27.03 percent) had a higher incidence of EBF than those
with a graduate education or more (9.69 percent ; 95 percent CI: 8.14 percent to 11.23
percent ). In the second study by Yohmi et al. (2015) . No group variations were observed
for the length of some breastfeeding within days or weeks. There has been no indication
that therapy increased the percentage of people with some form of breastfeeding after three
to six months.The implications of these two studies on my nursing practice is that it is in bar
with the PICOT question. As a health practitioner, we seek into enhancing overall health
outcomes but not diagnosis. We are focused on improving infant’s quality of life by
providing breastfeeding education to mothers Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example
Paper.Outcomes ComparisonThe anticipated outcome of the PICOT question is to increase
the breastfeeding support of hospitalized infants by providing breastfeeding education.The
outcome of the study by Tang et al. (2019) reports an improvement in child and maternal
outcomes, increased rates and duration of breastfeeding and reduction of associated harm
hence they relate to the anticipated outcomes.The outcome of by Yohmi et al. (2015)
indicates an improvement in infant wellbeing through provision of antenatal breastfeeding
education. Evaluation techniques that encompass actions for protection, promotion, and
support for breastfeeding practice were also established hence they are in bar with the
anticipated outcomes Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.ReferencesTang,
K., Wang, H., Tan, S. H., Xin, T., Qu, X., Tang, T., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., & Gaoshan, J. (2019).
Association between maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: A
population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(8), e028485.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028485Yohmi, E., Marzuki, N. S., Nainggolan, E.,
Partiwi, I. G., Sjarif, B. H., & Oswari, H. (2016). Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in
Indonesia: A qualitative and quantitative study. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 55(6), 302.
https://doi.org/10.14238/pi55.6.2015.302-8Lumbiganon, P., Martis, R., Laopaiboon, M.,
Festin, M. R., Ho, J. J., & Hakimi, M. (2011). Antenatal breastfeeding education for increasing
breastfeeding duration. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006425.pub2Radzyminski, S., & Callister, L.
C. (2015). Health Professionals' Attitudes and Beliefs About Breastfeeding. The Journal of
perinatal education, 24(2), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.24.2.102Tang, K.,
Wang, H., Tan, S. H., Xin, T., Qu, X., Tang, T., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., & Gaoshan, J. (2019).
Association between maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: A
population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(8), e028485.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028485Yohmi, E., Marzuki, N. S., Nainggolan, E.,
Partiwi, I. G., Sjarif, B. H., & Oswari, H. (2016). Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in
Indonesia: A qualitative and quantitative study. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 55(6), 302.
https://doi.org/10.14238/pi55.6.2015.302-8Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750
word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the
guidelines below. PICOT Question Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1

8. assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor. The final PICOT question
will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete
during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study). Research Critiques In the Topic 2
and Topic 3 assignments, you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique on
two articles for each type of study (4 articles total). Use the feedback you received from
your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making
appropriate revisions. The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice
problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT question. Refer to "Research Critiques
and PICOT Guidelines - Final Draft." Questions under each heading should be addressed as a
narrative in the structure of a formal paper. Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change
Discuss the link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the nursing practice
problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that
information to propose evidence-based practice changes. General Requirements Prepare
this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the
Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.Prepare an 8–10-page data analysis and
quality improvement initiative proposal based on a health issue of professional interest to
you. The audience for your analysis and proposal is the nursing staff and the
interprofessional team who will implement the initiative. "A basic principle of quality
measurement is: If you can't measure it, you can't improve it" (Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality, 2013). Health care providers are on an endless quest to improve both
care quality and patient safety. This unwavering commitment requires hospitals and care
givers to increase their attention and adherence to treatment protocols to improve patient
outcomes. Health informatics, along with new and improved technologies and procedures,
are at the core of virtually all quality improvement initiatives. The data gathered by
providers, along with process improvement models and recognized quality benchmarks, are
all part of a collaborative, continuing effort. As such, it is essential that professional nurses
are able to correctly interpret, and effectively communicate information revealed on
dashboards that display critical care metrics. SHOW LESS By successfully completing this
assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies
and assessment criteria: Competency 2: Plan quality improvement initiatives in response to
routine data surveillance. Outline a QI initiative proposal based on a selected health issue
and supporting data analysis. Competency 3: Evaluate quality improvement initiatives using
sensitive and sound outcome measures. Analyze data to identify a health care issue or area
of concern. Competency 4: Integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality
improvements in patient safety, cost effectiveness, and work-life quality. Integrate
interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost
effectiveness, and work-life quality. Competency 5: Apply effective communication
strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care. Apply effective
communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.
Communicate evaluation and analysis in a professional and effective manner, writing
content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Reference Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2013). Preventing falls in hospitals.
Retrieved from

9. https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/fallpxtoolkit/fallpxtk5.html#tiptop
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper