The document discusses the simple past and present perfect tenses in English. It explains that the simple past is used to talk about events that began and ended completely in the past, while the present perfect is used to talk about an indefinite time in the past or events that began in the past but continue into the present. It provides examples for each, such as "I lived in Jeddah in 2005" for the simple past and "Khaled has studied two foreign languages" for the present perfect.