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gÀZÀ£É.
ªÉÆúÀ£ï.PÉ.Dgï.
fêÀ±Á¸ÀÛç ²PÀëPÀgÀÄ.
¸À.¥Ëæ.±Á¯É. »gÉêÀÄgÀ½. ¥ÁAqÀªÀ¥ÀÄgÀ.
ªÉÆ: 9901815471
¹°PÁ£ï.
¸ÀAPÉÃvÀ: Si.
¥ÀgÀªÀiÁtÄ ¸ÀASÉå: 14
¥ÀgÀªÀiÁtÄ gÁ²¸ÀASÉå: 28
E¯ÉÃPÁÖç£ï «£Áå¸À: 1S22S22P63S23P2 CxÀªÁ [Ne]3S23P2
§ºÀÄgÀÆ¥ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ: C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï. ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï.
®¨sÀåvÉ: ¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ UÀqÀ¸ÀÄ ¥ÀzÀgÀzÀ°è ºÉÃgÀ¼ÀªÁV zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀ zsÁvÀÄ
¹°PÁ£ï.
EzÀÄ ¹°PÁ ( SiO2) CxÀªÁ ¹°PÉÃmï gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è, ªÀÄgÀ½£À
gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ.
UÁæ£ÉÊðmï, jhÄgïPÁ£ï, mÉÆÃ¥Áeï, N¥É¯ïUÀ¼ÀAvÀ gÀvÀß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
G¥ÀgÀvÀßUÀ¼À°è zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ.
• C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À GzÀÝgÀuÉ: ZÉ£ÁßV ¥ÀÄrªÀiÁrzÀ ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß
ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄA ¥ÀÄrAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¨ÉgÀ¹ eÉÃr ªÀÄƸÉAiÀÄ°è
PÁ¬Ä¸ÀĪÀgÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄADPÉìöÊqï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¹°PÁ£ï
GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
• gÁ¸ÁAiÀĤPÀ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ°è ¥Á¯ÉÆμÀîzÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄ®Ä
ºÉÊqÉÆæÃPÉÆèÃjPï DªÀÄèzÀ°è vÉƼÉAiÀÄĪÀgÀÄ.
• ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄA DPÉìöÊqï ºÉÊqÉÆæÃPÉÆèÃjPï DªÀÄèzÀ°è
«°Ã£ÀªÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ±ÀÄzÀÝ gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï
zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ.
• SiO2 + 2Mg ------------- Si + 2MgO
• ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À GzÀÝgÀuÉ:
• ¥ÀÄrªÀiÁrzÀ ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆÃPï£ÉÆA¢UÉ UÁ½AiÀÄ
¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð«®èzÉ «zÀÄåvï PÀĮĪÉÄAiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¸ÀànPÀ
¹°PÁ£ï zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ.
• F «zsÁ£ÀzÀ°è ºÉaÑ£À ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. E®èªÁzÀ°è
PÁ¨ÉÆÃðgÉAqÀªÀiï GvÀàwÛAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
• SiO2 + 2C ------------- Si + 2CO
• C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ïUÀ½VgÀĪÀ ªÀåvÁå¸À:
C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï
PÀAzÀÄ §tÚzÀ ¥ÀÄr. PÀqÀÄ §ÆzÀÄ §tÚzÀ ¥ÀÄr.
PÀrªÉÄ vÁ¥ÀzÀ°è «zÀÄåvï CªÁºÀPÀ. PÀrªÉÄ vÁ¥ÀzÀ°è ¸Àé®à ªÀÄnÖUÉ
«zÀÄåvï CªÁºÀPÀ.
ºÉZÀÄÑ QæAiÀiÁ¥ÀlĪÁzÀÄzÀÄÝ. PÀrªÉÄ QæAiÀiÁ¥ÀlĪÁzÀÄzÀÄÝ.
UÁ½AiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ªÉÄïÉäöÊ
¥ÀzÀgÀªÀÅ GjAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ.
UÁ½AiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ
GjAiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è.
• ¹°PÁ£ï¤£À «±ÉõÀ UÀÄt®PÀët:
• ¹°PÁ£ï C¯ÉÆúÀªÁzÀgÀÄ PÉÆoÀr GµÀÚvÉAiÀÄ°è «zÀÄåvï CgɪÁºÀPÀªÁVzÉ.
• ¹°PÁ£ï¤£À gÁ¸ÀAiÀiÁ¤PÀ UÀÄt®PÀët:
• 1. ¹°PÁ£ï UÁ½AiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ DQìÃd£ï£ÉÆqÀ£É GjzÀÄ ¹°PÁ£ï qÉÊ DPÉìöÊqï
GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀÄ §»gÀĵÀÚPÀ QæAiÉÄ.
Si + O2 ------------- SiO2
• 2. PÉA¥ÀUÉ PÁ¬Ä¹zÀ ¹°PÁ£ï ªÉÄÃ¯É ¤Ãj£À ºÀ¨É ºÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¹°PÁ£ï qÉÊ
DPÉìöÊqï GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀgÉÆA¢UÉ ºÉÊqÉÆæÃd£ï ©qÀÄUÀqÉAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
Si + 2H2O ------------- SiO2 + 2H2
• 3. ¹°PÁ£ï£À£ÀÄß PÉÆÃPï £ÉÆA¢UÉ PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¹°PÁ£ï PÁ¨ÉÊðqï
(PÁ¨ÉÆðgÀAqÀªÀiï) GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀÄ CAvÀgï GµÀÚPÀ QæAiÉÄ.
Si + C ------------- SiC.
• ªÀÄÄA¢£À ¸ÉèöÊqï «ÃPÀëuÉUÉ PɼÀV£À °APï£À°è qË£ï¯ÉÆÃqï
ªÀiÁr.

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Silicon chapter 4

  • 2. ¹°PÁ£ï. ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀ: Si. ¥ÀgÀªÀiÁtÄ ¸ÀASÉå: 14 ¥ÀgÀªÀiÁtÄ gÁ²¸ÀASÉå: 28 E¯ÉÃPÁÖç£ï «£Áå¸À: 1S22S22P63S23P2 CxÀªÁ [Ne]3S23P2 §ºÀÄgÀÆ¥ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ: C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï. ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï.
  • 3.
  • 4. ®¨sÀåvÉ: ¨sÀÆ«ÄAiÀÄ UÀqÀ¸ÀÄ ¥ÀzÀgÀzÀ°è ºÉÃgÀ¼ÀªÁV zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀ zsÁvÀÄ ¹°PÁ£ï. EzÀÄ ¹°PÁ ( SiO2) CxÀªÁ ¹°PÉÃmï gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è, ªÀÄgÀ½£À gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ. UÁæ£ÉÊðmï, jhÄgïPÁ£ï, mÉÆÃ¥Áeï, N¥É¯ïUÀ¼ÀAvÀ gÀvÀß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ G¥ÀgÀvÀßUÀ¼À°è zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ.
  • 5. • C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À GzÀÝgÀuÉ: ZÉ£ÁßV ¥ÀÄrªÀiÁrzÀ ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄA ¥ÀÄrAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¨ÉgÀ¹ eÉÃr ªÀÄƸÉAiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¸ÀĪÀgÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄADPÉìöÊqï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¹°PÁ£ï GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. • gÁ¸ÁAiÀĤPÀ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ°è ¥Á¯ÉÆμÀîzÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄ®Ä ºÉÊqÉÆæÃPÉÆèÃjPï DªÀÄèzÀ°è vÉƼÉAiÀÄĪÀgÀÄ. • ªÉÄVßùAiÀÄA DPÉìöÊqï ºÉÊqÉÆæÃPÉÆèÃjPï DªÀÄèzÀ°è «°Ã£ÀªÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ±ÀÄzÀÝ gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ. • SiO2 + 2Mg ------------- Si + 2MgO
  • 6. • ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À GzÀÝgÀuÉ: • ¥ÀÄrªÀiÁrzÀ ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆÃPï£ÉÆA¢UÉ UÁ½AiÀÄ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð«®èzÉ «zÀÄåvï PÀĮĪÉÄAiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ. • F «zsÁ£ÀzÀ°è ºÉaÑ£À ¹°PÁªÀ£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. E®èªÁzÀ°è PÁ¨ÉÆÃðgÉAqÀªÀiï GvÀàwÛAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. • SiO2 + 2C ------------- Si + 2CO
  • 7. • C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ïUÀ½VgÀĪÀ ªÀåvÁå¸À: C¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï ¸ÀànPÀ ¹°PÁ£ï PÀAzÀÄ §tÚzÀ ¥ÀÄr. PÀqÀÄ §ÆzÀÄ §tÚzÀ ¥ÀÄr. PÀrªÉÄ vÁ¥ÀzÀ°è «zÀÄåvï CªÁºÀPÀ. PÀrªÉÄ vÁ¥ÀzÀ°è ¸Àé®à ªÀÄnÖUÉ «zÀÄåvï CªÁºÀPÀ. ºÉZÀÄÑ QæAiÀiÁ¥ÀlĪÁzÀÄzÀÄÝ. PÀrªÉÄ QæAiÀiÁ¥ÀlĪÁzÀÄzÀÄÝ. UÁ½AiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ªÉÄïÉäöÊ ¥ÀzÀgÀªÀÅ GjAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ. UÁ½AiÀÄ°è PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ GjAiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è.
  • 8. • ¹°PÁ£ï¤£À «±ÉõÀ UÀÄt®PÀët: • ¹°PÁ£ï C¯ÉÆúÀªÁzÀgÀÄ PÉÆoÀr GµÀÚvÉAiÀÄ°è «zÀÄåvï CgɪÁºÀPÀªÁVzÉ. • ¹°PÁ£ï¤£À gÁ¸ÀAiÀiÁ¤PÀ UÀÄt®PÀët: • 1. ¹°PÁ£ï UÁ½AiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ DQìÃd£ï£ÉÆqÀ£É GjzÀÄ ¹°PÁ£ï qÉÊ DPÉìöÊqï GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀÄ §»gÀĵÀÚPÀ QæAiÉÄ. Si + O2 ------------- SiO2 • 2. PÉA¥ÀUÉ PÁ¬Ä¹zÀ ¹°PÁ£ï ªÉÄÃ¯É ¤Ãj£À ºÀ¨É ºÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¹°PÁ£ï qÉÊ DPÉìöÊqï GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀgÉÆA¢UÉ ºÉÊqÉÆæÃd£ï ©qÀÄUÀqÉAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. Si + 2H2O ------------- SiO2 + 2H2 • 3. ¹°PÁ£ï£À£ÀÄß PÉÆÃPï £ÉÆA¢UÉ PÁ¬Ä¹zÁUÀ ¹°PÁ£ï PÁ¨ÉÊðqï (PÁ¨ÉÆðgÀAqÀªÀiï) GAmÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀÄ CAvÀgï GµÀÚPÀ QæAiÉÄ. Si + C ------------- SiC.
  • 9. • ªÀÄÄA¢£À ¸ÉèöÊqï «ÃPÀëuÉUÉ PɼÀV£À °APï£À°è qË£ï¯ÉÆÃqï ªÀiÁr.