Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become a major problem for soldiers serving in the United States Armed Forces since the start of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. PTSD cases have increased up to 400% and the condition is difficult to treat. Soldiers develop PTSD due to the brutality of combat including traumatic events, multiple deployments with little rest, and guerilla warfare tactics used by enemies. PTSD severely impacts veterans' lives through nightmares, anxiety, and an increased likelihood of violent crimes or suicide. While medications are prescribed, they are often ineffective or cause other issues. More research is needed to find better treatments for veterans suffering from PTSD.
Veterans with PTSD can negatively impact their communities in several ways. Memories may be triggered by sights and sounds, causing veterans to relive traumatic events and become isolated. Veterans with PTSD also have higher rates of domestic violence. Their symptoms, like feeling anxious or having a short temper, can make family life stressful. Additionally, troubled veterans are more likely to engage in criminal behavior like drunken fights or domestic violence. Substance abuse is also common among veterans as a way to cope with PTSD symptoms, and maintaining employment can be difficult. Overall, undiagnosed or untreated PTSD in veterans affects their relationships, mental health, and ability to fully participate in their communities.
Post dramatic stress disorder on veterans powerpointmeb671
The document discusses how post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects veterans, especially around the Fourth of July holiday. Loud sounds from fireworks can trigger PTSD in veterans by reminding them of noises from war like gunshots or explosions. Large crowds on holidays can also cause paranoia in veterans with PTSD due to the disorientation. The Fourth of July holiday in particular is difficult for many veterans as the fireworks and celebrations can cause their PTSD symptoms to return or worsen. Psychologists will need to continue studying and addressing the impacts of PTSD on veterans.
PTSD and TBI Comorbities - Relationships of Suicide for Returned Combat VeteransCharles Mayer
This document summarizes research on the relationship between PTSD, TBI, and increased suicide rates among combat veterans. It discusses several studies that found high rates of PTSD and TBI diagnoses in recent veterans, especially those exposed to head trauma. The studies found significant overlap between PTSD and TBI symptoms. Having either or both disorders was strongly associated with increased risks of depression and suicide. Perceived stigma, lack of belonging, and feeling like a burden were also linked to higher suicide risks according to one qualitative study. More research is still needed but the evidence suggests veterans with PTSD and/or TBI require improved diagnosis and treatment to help reduce suicide risks.
This is my latest presentation about PTSD from a warrior's perspective and an attempt to turn the traits that are important for us (courage for example) into a means to help deal with PTSD.
Note, this presentation has some disturbing images in it.
The document discusses the issue of veteran suicide, including causes and impacts. It notes that approximately 1600 veterans commit suicide each year due to untreated mental health issues like PTSD. Veteran suicide significantly impacts both the military and country. While some prevention strategies have helped reduce rates, such as a suicide hotline and restricting access to firearms, other approaches have failed. The future outlook remains grim unless more is done to improve veterans' access to adequate mental healthcare.
War causes immense physical and emotional pain for soldiers that often lasts long after the war has ended. Soldiers in war are faced with the harsh realities of life and death as they discover their shared humanity with both allies and opponents. Upon returning home, many soldiers struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder, drug and alcohol addiction, and even suicide. Exposure therapy of sharing experiences with other veterans can help ease the lasting pain of war by providing understanding and support from those who shared similar experiences.
This document discusses several studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans of war. It examines the differences in PTSD between veterans who served in active combat zones versus non-active combat zones. One study found that PTSD symptoms were significantly more severe, on average, for veterans who served in active combat zones where there was regular firefights, bombings and IEDs. To better understand the causes of PTSD and improve treatment, the document proposes a study comparing PTSD rates and diagnoses between veterans from active and non-active combat deployments. The results are hypothesized to show that active combat exposure leads to higher rates of PTSD.
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide among US service members and veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. It notes that 11-20% of military members from those wars have been diagnosed with PTSD, and about 22 service members die by suicide per day, surpassing combat deaths. The study reviews past research on PTSD and interviews veterans diagnosed with PTSD. It aims to provide insight into factors contributing to the link between PTSD and suicide.
Veterans with PTSD can negatively impact their communities in several ways. Memories may be triggered by sights and sounds, causing veterans to relive traumatic events and become isolated. Veterans with PTSD also have higher rates of domestic violence. Their symptoms, like feeling anxious or having a short temper, can make family life stressful. Additionally, troubled veterans are more likely to engage in criminal behavior like drunken fights or domestic violence. Substance abuse is also common among veterans as a way to cope with PTSD symptoms, and maintaining employment can be difficult. Overall, undiagnosed or untreated PTSD in veterans affects their relationships, mental health, and ability to fully participate in their communities.
Post dramatic stress disorder on veterans powerpointmeb671
The document discusses how post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects veterans, especially around the Fourth of July holiday. Loud sounds from fireworks can trigger PTSD in veterans by reminding them of noises from war like gunshots or explosions. Large crowds on holidays can also cause paranoia in veterans with PTSD due to the disorientation. The Fourth of July holiday in particular is difficult for many veterans as the fireworks and celebrations can cause their PTSD symptoms to return or worsen. Psychologists will need to continue studying and addressing the impacts of PTSD on veterans.
PTSD and TBI Comorbities - Relationships of Suicide for Returned Combat VeteransCharles Mayer
This document summarizes research on the relationship between PTSD, TBI, and increased suicide rates among combat veterans. It discusses several studies that found high rates of PTSD and TBI diagnoses in recent veterans, especially those exposed to head trauma. The studies found significant overlap between PTSD and TBI symptoms. Having either or both disorders was strongly associated with increased risks of depression and suicide. Perceived stigma, lack of belonging, and feeling like a burden were also linked to higher suicide risks according to one qualitative study. More research is still needed but the evidence suggests veterans with PTSD and/or TBI require improved diagnosis and treatment to help reduce suicide risks.
This is my latest presentation about PTSD from a warrior's perspective and an attempt to turn the traits that are important for us (courage for example) into a means to help deal with PTSD.
Note, this presentation has some disturbing images in it.
The document discusses the issue of veteran suicide, including causes and impacts. It notes that approximately 1600 veterans commit suicide each year due to untreated mental health issues like PTSD. Veteran suicide significantly impacts both the military and country. While some prevention strategies have helped reduce rates, such as a suicide hotline and restricting access to firearms, other approaches have failed. The future outlook remains grim unless more is done to improve veterans' access to adequate mental healthcare.
War causes immense physical and emotional pain for soldiers that often lasts long after the war has ended. Soldiers in war are faced with the harsh realities of life and death as they discover their shared humanity with both allies and opponents. Upon returning home, many soldiers struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder, drug and alcohol addiction, and even suicide. Exposure therapy of sharing experiences with other veterans can help ease the lasting pain of war by providing understanding and support from those who shared similar experiences.
This document discusses several studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans of war. It examines the differences in PTSD between veterans who served in active combat zones versus non-active combat zones. One study found that PTSD symptoms were significantly more severe, on average, for veterans who served in active combat zones where there was regular firefights, bombings and IEDs. To better understand the causes of PTSD and improve treatment, the document proposes a study comparing PTSD rates and diagnoses between veterans from active and non-active combat deployments. The results are hypothesized to show that active combat exposure leads to higher rates of PTSD.
This document summarizes a study examining the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide among US service members and veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. It notes that 11-20% of military members from those wars have been diagnosed with PTSD, and about 22 service members die by suicide per day, surpassing combat deaths. The study reviews past research on PTSD and interviews veterans diagnosed with PTSD. It aims to provide insight into factors contributing to the link between PTSD and suicide.
This document discusses Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in United States veterans returning from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It notes that PTSD cases have drastically increased, up to 400% in some cases. It describes the challenges veterans face with PTSD, including difficulties adjusting to civilian life, higher rates of crime and suicide, and issues with treatment. The document also outlines efforts being made to help veterans, such as programs through the Veterans Administration and clinical trials at universities. It argues that broader societal support is needed to fully integrate veterans back into civilian life.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans returning from combat situations throughout history from World War I to current conflicts. Front line combat exposes soldiers to extraordinary stress that can lead to the development of PTSD, with symptoms like anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. Rates of PTSD are high, with some studies finding it in up to 18% of recent veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan. While PTSD is a serious issue, treatment programs indicate that with support veterans can often learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives.
Crunching Numbers: PTSD in Combat VeteransRichardKim111
It is often said that losing one’s mind is a soldier’s worst enemy. That’s perhaps the truest statement of all. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is among the most common mental illnesses that combat veterans suffer from, though the truth and related concepts run much deeper than the initial claim.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that affects many military veterans. It is characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of trauma reminders, and hyperarousal. PTSD is linked to combat exposure and is diagnosed in 2-17% of veterans. Common symptoms include anger issues, substance abuse, and relationship problems. Treatment options with positive results include cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. However, many veterans are reluctant to seek help due to stigma. PTSD has significant negative impacts on veterans' lives and mental health.
The document summarizes the various medical advancements and safety nets that have been implemented since World War 1 to help prevent and treat PTSD in military personnel. It discusses how the VA/Department of Veterans Affairs now provides specialized PTSD treatment programs and specialists at over 200 medical centers nationwide. It also outlines how the armed forces have established screening programs and early intervention strategies to identify mental health issues before and after deployment. New trauma-focused cognitive therapies and medications are being extensively researched and tested as well.
This study examined the effects of redeployment on PTSD symptoms, satisfaction with life, and death anxiety in United States Marines. 77 Marines completed questionnaires assessing these factors. Marines who had deployed previously showed significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms and lower satisfaction with life than Marines who had not deployed. However, death anxiety did not differ between groups. Marines who were facing redeployment for a second or subsequent time also displayed significantly higher PTSD symptoms than Marines without combat experience, suggesting that repeated deployment may exacerbate PTSD symptoms in Marines.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or life-threatening event. PTSD is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing the event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and increased arousal. The document discusses risk factors for PTSD including a history of trauma, mental illness, death of a loved one, feelings of horror or helplessness during the event, and lack of social support. Factors of resilience that can reduce PTSD risk include seeking support, positive coping strategies, feeling capable during the traumatic incident, and ability to respond effectively to fear.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER.docxchristalgrieg
THE UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS
DISORDER
EARLY INTERVENTION FOR OUR SOLDIERS
LESLIE JAYROE
4/25/2011
HPRO 7720
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Our Soldiers- Providing Earlier Intervention
History
There is a significant amount of information out there on post traumatic stress disorder and the
military, and this is mostly due to the fact that our combat soldiers were the ones observed over
time to determine the effects war has had on them. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can
be thought of as a "young" diagnosis. PTSD has been around for centuries, but it was n~t until
1980 that it was made an official disorder. However, throughout history, people have
recognized that exposure to combat situations can have an intensely negative impact on the
people who are involved in these situations. (Mathew Tull, 2009) PTSD has previously been
described ia-410J e ~s "combat fatigue," "shell shock," or "war neurosis," and is defined by the
American Psychiatric Association as an anxiety (emotional) disorder which stems from a
particular incident evoking significant stress. (Bentley, 2005) PTSD is not limited to combat
soldiers but can also be found among survivors of the Holocaust, of car accidents, of sexual
assaults, and of other traumatic experiences. War has always had a severe psychological effect
on people, and with the war our country is currently in, more and more of our soldiers are
suffering from PTSD. After a traumatic experience, the mind and the body are in shock, but as
the victim makes sense of what happened and processes his/her emotions, healing takes place
leading toward normal function once again. With PTSD, one remains in psychological shock.
The memory of what happened and their feelings about it are disconnected. In order to move
on, it's important to face and feel those memories and emotions. One effective approach is
through counseling. (Mathew Tull, 2009)
The symptoms of PTSD can occur all of a sudden, progressively, come and go over time, or
appear out of nowhere. Sometimes, symptoms are triggered by something that reminds a
31 Page
person of the original traumatic event, such as a noise, an image, certain words, or a smell.
While everyone experiences PTSD differently, there are three main types of symptoms:
(Bentley, 2005)
1. Re-experiencing the traumatic event
2. Avoiding reminders of the trauma
3. Increased anxiety and emotional arousal
According to the Graffiti of War Project, in 2007, the number of diagnosed cases in the military
jumped 50%. One in every five military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan has
PTSD, and 20% of the soldiers who've been deployed since 2001 have PTSD which is over
300,000. More troops are serving their second, third or fourth tours of duty, which dramatically
increases stress according to medical heath experts. Also, extended tour lengths from 12
months to 15 months were done to prov ...
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She rep.pdfarpitcomputronics
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She reports that at times, he is so kind,
and then later he is angry and has become physically abusive at times. She also reports that he
frequently wakes up at night screaming and trying to crawl under the bed.
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
Additional questioning reveals that Mr. S has just returned to the United States following a 3-
year deployment in the military. You strongly recommend that Mr. S see a health care provider
as soon as possible.
1.) What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
2.) What other manifestations would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
3.) What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
4.) Other than combat, what are some other causes of PTSD?
Solution
Ans:
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
In the above case, Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening
events. Based on his reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under
depression ie., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD).
PSTD: Is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life-
threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious
accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood.
It\'s natural to experience fear in dangerous situations. But people with PTSD may behave as
though they are under attack when there is no real imminent threat.
A person who suffers PTSD typically re-experiences the trauma through flashbacks and
nightmares, experiences that can seem as real as the actual trauma. The person often feels
intensely that the trauma could happen again at any time.
Thoughts and feelings can trigger symptoms, but so can words, situations or objects that remind
the person of a traumatic situation.
2).What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
The first step in diagnosing trauma is making an appointment with a doctor, preferably someone
trained in mental health disorders. The doctor will talk with the patient to determine their state of
mind. The practitioner will have to determine whether the prerequisite symptoms for PTSD are
present before deciding how to proceed. For a diagnosis of PTSD, the patient must have
experienced the following for at least one month:
· 3). What other manifestation would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening events. Based on his
reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under depression ie., Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PSTD).
4).What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
Currently, diagnosis of PTSD is based on 8 criteria
1) The first criterion has 4 components, as follows:
2) The second criterion involves the persistent re experiencing of the event in 1 of several ways:
Unlike adults, children reexperience the event through repetiti.
Surname 1
Jiangyue Chang
ENGL102
Professor:
June, 3, 2019
Soldier’s Mental Health
Abstract:
This paper aims at identifying the soldiers' mental health and the kind of traumas, stress and brain injuries that he may develop during the war. This paper also identifies what the post-war effects on the physical and mental health of the soldiers are, how can be they overcome, and what are the reasons behind those stresses and post-war effects. The efforts that psychology has offered are also discussed in the paper which can be taken as a solution to the problem of the mental health that soldiers face while serving in the army.
Introduction:
The American Psychological Association (APA) first used the concept of stress among the soldiers and their mental health became notable after the Second World War, and it got fame after the war of Vietnam. In the US Army, soldiers have developed depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stress, alcohol abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicidal risks and other ethical issues (Nami).
All these problems have been seen recently when the wars are over with Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides this, history also shows that soldiers have been developing the same kind of stresses even in the past ages because of the tough schedules that they have to follow. Often the army negates these stresses due to privacy concerns, but JAMA psychiatry has highlighted the issue and blamed the army for not providing mental health interventions to the soldiers because they completely make the military responsible for these stresses which are developed among the troops. They suggest this solution to save the personal and professional lives of the army men (Nami). Army has taken a few initiatives, but they are not sufficient for the well-being of the army men, and they take it as a normal course of action. But researchers are putting their constant efforts to highlight this issue to bring into the light where this issue will be taken seriously by the US army (Mark, Shawn, and Charles 26)
Literature Review:
Mental Health of soldiers is always at risk because when they serve in the military, they face so many challenges in military life and these challenges make them depressed most often. When a person joins the army, and there he comes across war, he may face three types of stresses. The first one is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD). This stress is realized when the war actions are over, and the soldiers are exhausted from a strict routine in which more brutality was shown towards other people and most often innocent people were killed (Nami).
JAMA Psychiatry, in collaboration with the American Psychological Association (APA), indicated that soldiers have a 15% high risk of PSTD than the ordinary members of the society. The side effects of PSTD are so many, and it can result in adverse effects which are detrimental to the lives of the soldiers. The second kind of stress is the depression.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among military veterans who have witnessed severe stressors like combat. About 30% of veterans who served in war zones experience PTSD, with rates as high as 31% among Vietnam veterans and 20% among Iraqi war veterans. People with PTSD often struggle with anger, emotional problems, suicidal thoughts, and feeling disconnected from life and others. PTSD symptoms can interfere with daily life and work, making it difficult to concentrate, sleep, and maintain organization and attendance. Untreated PTSD also contributes to higher unemployment among veterans compared to those without the disorder.
primary care management of the returning veteran with PTSDgreytigyr
This document provides an overview and objectives for a presentation on primary care management of returning veterans with PTSD. It discusses the scope of PTSD among veterans, the pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria, and how PTSD can impact common medical problems and family relationships. It outlines the role of osteopathic and adjunctive interventions, as well as resources for managing PTSD. Maps and images are included to depict areas of conflict and lifestyle impacts. The presentation aims to help primary care providers better recognize, understand, and treat PTSD among veteran patients.
Jiangyue Chang
ENGL102
June, 10, 2019
Soldier’s Mental Health
This paper aims at identifying the soldiers' mental health and the kind of traumas, stress and brain injuries that he may develop during the war. This paper also identifies what are the post-war effects on the physical and mental health of the soldiers, how can be they overcome and what are the reasons behind those stresses and post-war effects. The efforts that psychology has offered are also discussed in the paper which can be taken as a solution to the problem of the mental health that soldiers face while serving in the army.
American Psychological Association (APA) first used the concept of stress among the soldiers and their mental health became notable after the second world war and it got fame after the war of Vietnam. In the US Army, soldiers have developed depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stress, alcohol abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicidal risks and other ethical issues (Nami).
All these problems have been seen recently when the wars are over with Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides this, past history also shows that soldiers have been developing the same kind of stresses even in the past ages because of the tough schedules that they have to follow. Often the army negates these stresses due to privacy concerns but JAMA psychiatry has highlighted the issue and blamed the army for not providing mental health interventions to the soldiers because they completely make the army responsible for these stresses which are developed among the troops. They suggest this solution to save the personal and professional lives of the army men (Nami). Army has taken a few initiatives but they are not sufficient for the well-being of the army men and they take it as a normal course of action. But researchers are putting their constant efforts to highlight this issue to bring into the light where this issue will be taken seriously by the US army (Mark C. Russell)
Mental Health of soldiers is always at risk because when they serve in the military, they face so many challenges in military life and these challenges make them depressed most often. When a person joins the army and there he comes across war, he may face three types of stresses. The first one is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD). This stress is realized when the war actions are over and the soldiers are exhausted from a tough routine in which more brutality was shown towards other people and most often innocent people were killed (Nami).
JAMA Psychiatry in collaboration with the American Psychological Association (APA) indicated that soldiers have a 15% high risk of PSTD than the normal members of the society. The side effects of PSTD are so many and it can result in negative effects which are detrimental to the lives of the soldiers. The second kind of stress is the depression in which soldiers after the war feel that they are sad and cannot perform their activities wi ...
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans and service members. It provides a brief history of PTSD and how it has been diagnosed over time. Statistics are presented showing high rates of PTSD among recent veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, with only about half seeking treatment due to fears of stigma. Risk factors, symptoms, treatments and prevention strategies are outlined. The impacts of untreated PTSD include increased crime, substance abuse, domestic violence, broken relationships and poor work performance.
This document discusses PTSD in veterans and whether they are being treated fairly. It provides background on PTSD and its symptoms. It then describes several treatment methods for PTSD, including programs pairing veterans with service dogs, virtual reality therapy, and Emotional Freedom Technique. However, it notes that over half of veterans with PTSD do not seek treatment. It discusses rising suicide rates in veterans and efforts being made to increase awareness and improve mental healthcare for veterans.
Tai Chi Therapy Veterans Ptsd Treatment Nursing Research.pdfsdfghj21
Tai Chi therapy is being researched as a potential treatment for veterans experiencing PTSD. The techniques used in Tai Chi therapy aim to reduce stress, anxiety, and anger through slow, controlled movements and deep breathing. Healthcare workers can apply these techniques to help patients manage PTSD symptoms. Nurses are well-positioned to screen veterans for PTSD using tools like the PTSD Toolkit for Nurses, which provides guidance on assessment, intervention, and referral for treatment.
This document is a multigenre research paper about PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) in soldiers and veterans by Brittany Manous. It includes a letter describing her research process, a research paper on PTSD highlighting statistics on suicide rates in soldiers and issues with how the government handles soldiers with PTSD, and various other genres exploring PTSD including a recipe, texts, a poem, and a collage. The research paper finds that PTSD is a serious issue affecting 1 in 7 soldiers that is being ignored by the government, and explores how witnessing death and making difficult life-or-death decisions in war can negatively impact mental health.
This paper analyzes statistics relating traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide among veterans. It finds that at least 20% of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans have PTSD or depression, while close to 19% have TBI. Veterans suffering from both PTSD and TBI are approximately 7%. Alarmingly, in 2012 more active military personnel died by suicide than in combat. The paper argues that the high rates of undiagnosed brain injuries and mental health issues likely contribute to the rising suicide numbers. Improving diagnosis, treatment, and reducing stigma could help address the problem.
This document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a Christian perspective. It defines PTSD and outlines its symptoms and effects. PTSD is caused by exposure to traumatic events and can impact brain regions like the hippocampus and amygdala. Common symptoms include re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, numbness, and hyperarousal. Treatment options discussed include medications, psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy, and critical incident stress debriefing. Risk factors for developing PTSD and its impacts on relationships are also covered.
This document is a works cited page for a research paper on Stephen Crane and his literature. It lists 12 academic sources that provide biographical information on Crane, summaries and analysis of his major works including The Red Badge of Courage and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, and criticism of his literary techniques and themes. The sources include essays, encyclopedia entries, and literary analyses from academic databases.
Frankarlo Figueroa reflects on a semester-long project researching the benefits of military service. He learned a great deal about military values and family programs through his research. Creating the project in Prezi was challenging as he had never used the platform before, but he learned how to use it independently. The most difficult part of the project was combining, summarizing, and finalizing all the information collected. He is proud that he was able to provide a positive perspective on the military given other classmates focused on negatives. The project reinforced his plans to join the military after school.
This document discusses Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in United States veterans returning from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It notes that PTSD cases have drastically increased, up to 400% in some cases. It describes the challenges veterans face with PTSD, including difficulties adjusting to civilian life, higher rates of crime and suicide, and issues with treatment. The document also outlines efforts being made to help veterans, such as programs through the Veterans Administration and clinical trials at universities. It argues that broader societal support is needed to fully integrate veterans back into civilian life.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans returning from combat situations throughout history from World War I to current conflicts. Front line combat exposes soldiers to extraordinary stress that can lead to the development of PTSD, with symptoms like anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. Rates of PTSD are high, with some studies finding it in up to 18% of recent veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan. While PTSD is a serious issue, treatment programs indicate that with support veterans can often learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives.
Crunching Numbers: PTSD in Combat VeteransRichardKim111
It is often said that losing one’s mind is a soldier’s worst enemy. That’s perhaps the truest statement of all. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is among the most common mental illnesses that combat veterans suffer from, though the truth and related concepts run much deeper than the initial claim.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that affects many military veterans. It is characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of trauma reminders, and hyperarousal. PTSD is linked to combat exposure and is diagnosed in 2-17% of veterans. Common symptoms include anger issues, substance abuse, and relationship problems. Treatment options with positive results include cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. However, many veterans are reluctant to seek help due to stigma. PTSD has significant negative impacts on veterans' lives and mental health.
The document summarizes the various medical advancements and safety nets that have been implemented since World War 1 to help prevent and treat PTSD in military personnel. It discusses how the VA/Department of Veterans Affairs now provides specialized PTSD treatment programs and specialists at over 200 medical centers nationwide. It also outlines how the armed forces have established screening programs and early intervention strategies to identify mental health issues before and after deployment. New trauma-focused cognitive therapies and medications are being extensively researched and tested as well.
This study examined the effects of redeployment on PTSD symptoms, satisfaction with life, and death anxiety in United States Marines. 77 Marines completed questionnaires assessing these factors. Marines who had deployed previously showed significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms and lower satisfaction with life than Marines who had not deployed. However, death anxiety did not differ between groups. Marines who were facing redeployment for a second or subsequent time also displayed significantly higher PTSD symptoms than Marines without combat experience, suggesting that repeated deployment may exacerbate PTSD symptoms in Marines.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic or life-threatening event. PTSD is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing the event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and increased arousal. The document discusses risk factors for PTSD including a history of trauma, mental illness, death of a loved one, feelings of horror or helplessness during the event, and lack of social support. Factors of resilience that can reduce PTSD risk include seeking support, positive coping strategies, feeling capable during the traumatic incident, and ability to respond effectively to fear.
THE UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER.docxchristalgrieg
THE UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS
DISORDER
EARLY INTERVENTION FOR OUR SOLDIERS
LESLIE JAYROE
4/25/2011
HPRO 7720
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Our Soldiers- Providing Earlier Intervention
History
There is a significant amount of information out there on post traumatic stress disorder and the
military, and this is mostly due to the fact that our combat soldiers were the ones observed over
time to determine the effects war has had on them. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can
be thought of as a "young" diagnosis. PTSD has been around for centuries, but it was n~t until
1980 that it was made an official disorder. However, throughout history, people have
recognized that exposure to combat situations can have an intensely negative impact on the
people who are involved in these situations. (Mathew Tull, 2009) PTSD has previously been
described ia-410J e ~s "combat fatigue," "shell shock," or "war neurosis," and is defined by the
American Psychiatric Association as an anxiety (emotional) disorder which stems from a
particular incident evoking significant stress. (Bentley, 2005) PTSD is not limited to combat
soldiers but can also be found among survivors of the Holocaust, of car accidents, of sexual
assaults, and of other traumatic experiences. War has always had a severe psychological effect
on people, and with the war our country is currently in, more and more of our soldiers are
suffering from PTSD. After a traumatic experience, the mind and the body are in shock, but as
the victim makes sense of what happened and processes his/her emotions, healing takes place
leading toward normal function once again. With PTSD, one remains in psychological shock.
The memory of what happened and their feelings about it are disconnected. In order to move
on, it's important to face and feel those memories and emotions. One effective approach is
through counseling. (Mathew Tull, 2009)
The symptoms of PTSD can occur all of a sudden, progressively, come and go over time, or
appear out of nowhere. Sometimes, symptoms are triggered by something that reminds a
31 Page
person of the original traumatic event, such as a noise, an image, certain words, or a smell.
While everyone experiences PTSD differently, there are three main types of symptoms:
(Bentley, 2005)
1. Re-experiencing the traumatic event
2. Avoiding reminders of the trauma
3. Increased anxiety and emotional arousal
According to the Graffiti of War Project, in 2007, the number of diagnosed cases in the military
jumped 50%. One in every five military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan has
PTSD, and 20% of the soldiers who've been deployed since 2001 have PTSD which is over
300,000. More troops are serving their second, third or fourth tours of duty, which dramatically
increases stress according to medical heath experts. Also, extended tour lengths from 12
months to 15 months were done to prov ...
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She rep.pdfarpitcomputronics
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She reports that at times, he is so kind,
and then later he is angry and has become physically abusive at times. She also reports that he
frequently wakes up at night screaming and trying to crawl under the bed.
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
Additional questioning reveals that Mr. S has just returned to the United States following a 3-
year deployment in the military. You strongly recommend that Mr. S see a health care provider
as soon as possible.
1.) What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
2.) What other manifestations would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
3.) What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
4.) Other than combat, what are some other causes of PTSD?
Solution
Ans:
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
In the above case, Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening
events. Based on his reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under
depression ie., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD).
PSTD: Is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life-
threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious
accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood.
It\'s natural to experience fear in dangerous situations. But people with PTSD may behave as
though they are under attack when there is no real imminent threat.
A person who suffers PTSD typically re-experiences the trauma through flashbacks and
nightmares, experiences that can seem as real as the actual trauma. The person often feels
intensely that the trauma could happen again at any time.
Thoughts and feelings can trigger symptoms, but so can words, situations or objects that remind
the person of a traumatic situation.
2).What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
The first step in diagnosing trauma is making an appointment with a doctor, preferably someone
trained in mental health disorders. The doctor will talk with the patient to determine their state of
mind. The practitioner will have to determine whether the prerequisite symptoms for PTSD are
present before deciding how to proceed. For a diagnosis of PTSD, the patient must have
experienced the following for at least one month:
· 3). What other manifestation would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening events. Based on his
reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under depression ie., Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PSTD).
4).What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
Currently, diagnosis of PTSD is based on 8 criteria
1) The first criterion has 4 components, as follows:
2) The second criterion involves the persistent re experiencing of the event in 1 of several ways:
Unlike adults, children reexperience the event through repetiti.
Surname 1
Jiangyue Chang
ENGL102
Professor:
June, 3, 2019
Soldier’s Mental Health
Abstract:
This paper aims at identifying the soldiers' mental health and the kind of traumas, stress and brain injuries that he may develop during the war. This paper also identifies what the post-war effects on the physical and mental health of the soldiers are, how can be they overcome, and what are the reasons behind those stresses and post-war effects. The efforts that psychology has offered are also discussed in the paper which can be taken as a solution to the problem of the mental health that soldiers face while serving in the army.
Introduction:
The American Psychological Association (APA) first used the concept of stress among the soldiers and their mental health became notable after the Second World War, and it got fame after the war of Vietnam. In the US Army, soldiers have developed depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stress, alcohol abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicidal risks and other ethical issues (Nami).
All these problems have been seen recently when the wars are over with Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides this, history also shows that soldiers have been developing the same kind of stresses even in the past ages because of the tough schedules that they have to follow. Often the army negates these stresses due to privacy concerns, but JAMA psychiatry has highlighted the issue and blamed the army for not providing mental health interventions to the soldiers because they completely make the military responsible for these stresses which are developed among the troops. They suggest this solution to save the personal and professional lives of the army men (Nami). Army has taken a few initiatives, but they are not sufficient for the well-being of the army men, and they take it as a normal course of action. But researchers are putting their constant efforts to highlight this issue to bring into the light where this issue will be taken seriously by the US army (Mark, Shawn, and Charles 26)
Literature Review:
Mental Health of soldiers is always at risk because when they serve in the military, they face so many challenges in military life and these challenges make them depressed most often. When a person joins the army, and there he comes across war, he may face three types of stresses. The first one is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD). This stress is realized when the war actions are over, and the soldiers are exhausted from a strict routine in which more brutality was shown towards other people and most often innocent people were killed (Nami).
JAMA Psychiatry, in collaboration with the American Psychological Association (APA), indicated that soldiers have a 15% high risk of PSTD than the ordinary members of the society. The side effects of PSTD are so many, and it can result in adverse effects which are detrimental to the lives of the soldiers. The second kind of stress is the depression.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among military veterans who have witnessed severe stressors like combat. About 30% of veterans who served in war zones experience PTSD, with rates as high as 31% among Vietnam veterans and 20% among Iraqi war veterans. People with PTSD often struggle with anger, emotional problems, suicidal thoughts, and feeling disconnected from life and others. PTSD symptoms can interfere with daily life and work, making it difficult to concentrate, sleep, and maintain organization and attendance. Untreated PTSD also contributes to higher unemployment among veterans compared to those without the disorder.
primary care management of the returning veteran with PTSDgreytigyr
This document provides an overview and objectives for a presentation on primary care management of returning veterans with PTSD. It discusses the scope of PTSD among veterans, the pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria, and how PTSD can impact common medical problems and family relationships. It outlines the role of osteopathic and adjunctive interventions, as well as resources for managing PTSD. Maps and images are included to depict areas of conflict and lifestyle impacts. The presentation aims to help primary care providers better recognize, understand, and treat PTSD among veteran patients.
Jiangyue Chang
ENGL102
June, 10, 2019
Soldier’s Mental Health
This paper aims at identifying the soldiers' mental health and the kind of traumas, stress and brain injuries that he may develop during the war. This paper also identifies what are the post-war effects on the physical and mental health of the soldiers, how can be they overcome and what are the reasons behind those stresses and post-war effects. The efforts that psychology has offered are also discussed in the paper which can be taken as a solution to the problem of the mental health that soldiers face while serving in the army.
American Psychological Association (APA) first used the concept of stress among the soldiers and their mental health became notable after the second world war and it got fame after the war of Vietnam. In the US Army, soldiers have developed depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stress, alcohol abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicidal risks and other ethical issues (Nami).
All these problems have been seen recently when the wars are over with Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides this, past history also shows that soldiers have been developing the same kind of stresses even in the past ages because of the tough schedules that they have to follow. Often the army negates these stresses due to privacy concerns but JAMA psychiatry has highlighted the issue and blamed the army for not providing mental health interventions to the soldiers because they completely make the army responsible for these stresses which are developed among the troops. They suggest this solution to save the personal and professional lives of the army men (Nami). Army has taken a few initiatives but they are not sufficient for the well-being of the army men and they take it as a normal course of action. But researchers are putting their constant efforts to highlight this issue to bring into the light where this issue will be taken seriously by the US army (Mark C. Russell)
Mental Health of soldiers is always at risk because when they serve in the military, they face so many challenges in military life and these challenges make them depressed most often. When a person joins the army and there he comes across war, he may face three types of stresses. The first one is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD). This stress is realized when the war actions are over and the soldiers are exhausted from a tough routine in which more brutality was shown towards other people and most often innocent people were killed (Nami).
JAMA Psychiatry in collaboration with the American Psychological Association (APA) indicated that soldiers have a 15% high risk of PSTD than the normal members of the society. The side effects of PSTD are so many and it can result in negative effects which are detrimental to the lives of the soldiers. The second kind of stress is the depression in which soldiers after the war feel that they are sad and cannot perform their activities wi ...
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans and service members. It provides a brief history of PTSD and how it has been diagnosed over time. Statistics are presented showing high rates of PTSD among recent veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, with only about half seeking treatment due to fears of stigma. Risk factors, symptoms, treatments and prevention strategies are outlined. The impacts of untreated PTSD include increased crime, substance abuse, domestic violence, broken relationships and poor work performance.
This document discusses PTSD in veterans and whether they are being treated fairly. It provides background on PTSD and its symptoms. It then describes several treatment methods for PTSD, including programs pairing veterans with service dogs, virtual reality therapy, and Emotional Freedom Technique. However, it notes that over half of veterans with PTSD do not seek treatment. It discusses rising suicide rates in veterans and efforts being made to increase awareness and improve mental healthcare for veterans.
Tai Chi Therapy Veterans Ptsd Treatment Nursing Research.pdfsdfghj21
Tai Chi therapy is being researched as a potential treatment for veterans experiencing PTSD. The techniques used in Tai Chi therapy aim to reduce stress, anxiety, and anger through slow, controlled movements and deep breathing. Healthcare workers can apply these techniques to help patients manage PTSD symptoms. Nurses are well-positioned to screen veterans for PTSD using tools like the PTSD Toolkit for Nurses, which provides guidance on assessment, intervention, and referral for treatment.
This document is a multigenre research paper about PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) in soldiers and veterans by Brittany Manous. It includes a letter describing her research process, a research paper on PTSD highlighting statistics on suicide rates in soldiers and issues with how the government handles soldiers with PTSD, and various other genres exploring PTSD including a recipe, texts, a poem, and a collage. The research paper finds that PTSD is a serious issue affecting 1 in 7 soldiers that is being ignored by the government, and explores how witnessing death and making difficult life-or-death decisions in war can negatively impact mental health.
This paper analyzes statistics relating traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide among veterans. It finds that at least 20% of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans have PTSD or depression, while close to 19% have TBI. Veterans suffering from both PTSD and TBI are approximately 7%. Alarmingly, in 2012 more active military personnel died by suicide than in combat. The paper argues that the high rates of undiagnosed brain injuries and mental health issues likely contribute to the rising suicide numbers. Improving diagnosis, treatment, and reducing stigma could help address the problem.
This document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a Christian perspective. It defines PTSD and outlines its symptoms and effects. PTSD is caused by exposure to traumatic events and can impact brain regions like the hippocampus and amygdala. Common symptoms include re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, numbness, and hyperarousal. Treatment options discussed include medications, psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy, and critical incident stress debriefing. Risk factors for developing PTSD and its impacts on relationships are also covered.
This document is a works cited page for a research paper on Stephen Crane and his literature. It lists 12 academic sources that provide biographical information on Crane, summaries and analysis of his major works including The Red Badge of Courage and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, and criticism of his literary techniques and themes. The sources include essays, encyclopedia entries, and literary analyses from academic databases.
Frankarlo Figueroa reflects on a semester-long project researching the benefits of military service. He learned a great deal about military values and family programs through his research. Creating the project in Prezi was challenging as he had never used the platform before, but he learned how to use it independently. The most difficult part of the project was combining, summarizing, and finalizing all the information collected. He is proud that he was able to provide a positive perspective on the military given other classmates focused on negatives. The project reinforced his plans to join the military after school.
This document lists various sources cited in a research paper or other work. It includes 20 references to websites and online articles on topics related to the U.S. military, benefits of joining the military, and military lifestyle. The references are cited in MLA format and provide the author, title, publisher, date of publication, and URL for each source.
Adam Miles wrote a reflective essay about his experience completing a research project on PTSD in soldiers. He struggled with procrastination working independently. Through the research process, he learned valuable skills like using Boolean search terms and synthesizing information. Reading non-fiction articles and completing the project taught him things he will remember and changed his view of how difficult recovery from PTSD can be. He is proud of his seven page final paper and feels he answered his research questions well while developing his literacy and research skills.
This document provides a works cited list in MLA format that contains 16 sources related to PTSD and its treatment among veterans and active military members. The sources include news articles from CBS News, The Kansas City Star, and USA Today; reports from the American Psychological Association and Department of Veterans Affairs; and academic sources from Gale Opposing Viewpoints and the Institute of Medicine. Interview and organization website sources are also included.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become a major problem for soldiers serving in the United States Armed Forces since the start of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. PTSD cases have increased up to 400% and the condition is difficult to treat. Soldiers develop PTSD due to the brutality of combat including traumatic events, multiple deployments with little rest, and guerilla warfare tactics used by enemies. PTSD severely impacts veterans' lives through nightmares, anxiety, and an increased likelihood of violent crimes or suicide. While medications are prescribed, they are often ineffective or cause other issues. More research is needed to find better treatments for veterans suffering from PTSD.
1. Adam Miles proposes to research PTSD among US veterans to learn about what causes it and how it is treated. He became interested in the topic from class discussions and wants to learn more about treatments and what specifically causes PTSD.
2. His research plan is to use academic databases and organize sources in a document with links. He will use EasyBib for citations and plans to have 4 sources by April 13th.
3. His three major research questions are: how soldiers develop PTSD, why it is difficult to treat, and what is being done to cure veterans with PTSD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
1. Miles 1
Adam Miles
Mrs. Lester
Hon World Lit
19 April 2012
Shaping Sheet
Introduction
Fact Statement: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, has become a major problem
for the soldiers serving in the United States Armed Forces. Since the start of the wars in
Iraq and Afghanistan, the number of PTSD cases have drastically increased; up to 400%
in some cases.
Claim Statement: The Veterans Administration is trying to help our veterans recover.
There are also many charities and other facilities that are helpful to veterans. However,
more needs to be done to prevent PTSD from occurring in combat and researchers need
to find a more dependable and successful treatment to give to our veterans.
Thesis Sentence: It is essential that the society of the United States understand the nature
of this epidemic so that it can help veterans adapt to civilian life.
Research Question 1 How do soldiers develop PTSD?
Paragraph 1
Topic sentence: PTSD is a disorder that affects the mental state of many of the veterans
that return from the wars in the Middle East:
concrete detail: Before learning about the available treatment for this disease, one
ought to know how the disease is defined.
2. Miles 2
commentary sentences: According to the American Psychological
Association, PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, is defined as an
anxiety problem that develops in some people after extremely traumatic
events, such as combat, crime, an accident or natural disaster. People with
PTSD may relive the event via intrusive memories, flashbacks and
nightmares; avoid anything that reminds them of the trauma; and have
anxious feelings they didn’t have before that are so intense their lives are
disrupted.
concrete detail: PTSD has become a major problem in the modern wars.
commentary sentence (2): Every year, more soldiers develop PTSD than
the year before. Some statistics claim that there has been up to a 400
percent increase in PTSD cases in soldiers in the recent years.
concrete detail: In sheer numbers, there have been 236,000 cases of PTSD out of
500,000 surveyed soldiers in one study.
commentary sentence (2): These soldiers have been fighting since the
beginning of the wars. According to this survey, almost fifty percent of the
soldiers that have fought since the beginning of the war have developed
PTSD.
Wrap-up Sentence: PTSD has become a major problem in the army, and is most likely
caused by the brutality of today’s wars.
Paragraph 2
Topic Sentence: The veterans of the US military have developed PTSD because of the
type of combat that is seen in today’s wars.
3. Miles 3
concrete detail: Fighting styles used by the enemies of the US military create a
high stress environment. As an army report puts it, “fighting insurgents and
terrorists in Afghanistan and Iraq has been a nearly nonstop exercise in patrols,
raids and firefights with no real battle lines. Even at a forward operating base,
soldiers can be hit by a rocket, a suicide bomber or an Afghan who turns and
starts shooting Americans.”
commentary sentence (2): Due to the fear of all of these tactics, soldiers
are constantly under stress. Constant stress along with stressful events can
lead to PTSD development.
concrete detail: Another cause of PTSD is redeployment. Take Sgt. Bales for
example, the soldier who went on a killing spree supposedly due to PTSD. He had
served three yearlong deployments in Iraq, and had witnessed some heavy
firefights.
commentary sentence (2): This is the same for many soldiers. The
soldiers’ minds cannot endure traumatic events. Logically, the more
chances a person has to encounter a traumatic event that can cause PTSD,
the more likely he is to develop this mental disease.
concrete detail: A third reason for the development is the little time for recovery
during service. Some soldiers, such as Eric Fowler, felt like they were always on
fighting. He said, “We had 24/7 guard duty and we usually had 30-hour shifts.”
commentary sentence (2): This duty was usually spent in a Humvee, and
the time for rest in between was even shorter. Soldiers most likely took a
4. Miles 4
major blow to their mental state due to the limited amount of rest time that
they received.
Wrap-up Sentence: The horrible sights that soldiers see during war is the cause for PTSD.
When these soldiers return home, PTSD can have a major effect on their lives.
Paragraph 3
Topic sentence: Whether it is merely everyday life or violent crimes directed at others or
even themselves, PTSD severely affects soldiers that return home to the United States.
concrete detail: The first way that PTSD affects veterans is in their civilian lives.
One veteran, who did not wish to have his full name disclosed, said, “I was
always having nightmares at night, and certain things trigger it: just, loud noises,
or, I don’t like people behind me a lot of the time, or stuff like that. I don’t like
malls with a lot of people in it. I hate it.”
commentary sentence (2): This veteran cannot even enjoy sleeping at night
or going to a mall. He has obviously been so mentally wounded by the war
that everyday life becomes difficult. The sad thing is that he is so ashamed
about this that he would not give his full name.
concrete detail: Soldiers with PTSD are more likely to commit violent crimes
upon returning to civilian life. An example of this is veteran Nelson Hopkins Sr.
Hopkins was just recently convicted of armed robbery and earlier convicted of
second degree robbery. He has sought out treatment for his PTSD with little
success.
commentary sentence (2): Hopkins is just one of the many veterans with
PTSD who has committed violent crimes because of it. These crimes span
5. Miles 5
from the robberies committed by veterans like Hopkins to murders in
some cases.
concrete detail: While some of the veterans suffering from PTSD use violence
against others, others show violence towards themselves. An army report that
there were 115 suicides directly related to PTSD in just one year during the Iraq
and Afghanistan Wars.
commentary sentence (2): These veterans are so troubled by their mental
state that they feel like the only way to end it is to kill themselves. More
should be done to prevent veterans from reaching this point.
Wrap-up Sentence: This condition obviously affects soldiers’ lives greatly. In an effort to
help these veterans, many psychologists prescribe medicine to the veterans.
Research Question 2: Why is this condition so difficult to treat?
Paragraph 1
Topic Sentence: The medicine that is used to treat PTSD in soldiers does not work on the
scale that it should for the United States’ mentally wounded warriors.
concrete detail: Most veterans who return home are given antidepressants,
sleeping pills, or anxiety medicines to help them cope with their PTSD.
commentary sentence (2): These medicines help some soldiers with their
symptoms. However, these medicines do not prevent the symptoms from
recurring.
concrete detail: A large number of the medications used to treat PTSD patients are
opiate based. This medication has not shown to cure soldiers of PTSD. Also,
when combined with other medication, these pills can cause suicide attempts.
6. Miles 6
commentary sentence (2): The last thing that our veterans should be
receiving is a medicine that can possibly cause suicide. These medications
have not shown enough success to be used.
concrete detail: A second problem that can be caused by medication is simply
taking too much of it. One soldier, Spc. Victor Lewis, accused his battalion at Fort
Bragg of overmedicating soldiers.
commentary sentence (2): Overmedication does not improve a patient’s
condition. In fact, it can cause problems in the recovery process.
Wrap-up Sentence: There are a number of problems with the medication used to treat
veterans, but there are still problems left for veterans to face.
Paragraph 2: Facilities
Topic Sentence: A common problem that soldiers with PTSD face is receiving treatment
from a good facility.
concrete detail: A problem among many treatment centers and army bases is
understaffing. The army standard ratio of mental health doctors to patients is one
to fifty. However, some military bases as few as to 1 doctor to 265 patients.
commentary sentence (2): This is a major problem for soldiers with PTSD.
Without enough psychiatrists, these centers cannot do an effective job in
treating each individual case.
concrete detail: Active duty soldiers with PTSD face yet another problem. Army
bases continue to deploy and use these soldiers even when they have developed
PTSD. Of the 76,176 soldiers diagnosed with PTSD between 2000 and 2011,
65,236 of them were at some stage in their deployment.
7. Miles 7
commentary sentence (2): One might wonder why these soldiers were not
relieved of duty. The answer is most likely because the military needs all
the people it can get to serve.
concrete detail: Another possible challenge is the chance of a misdiagnosis. At
Fort Bragg Army Base, there have been alleged misdiagnosis in an attempt to
deny veterans military healthcare.
commentary sentence (2): This was most likely done in an attempt to save
money. However, the veterans who have been misdiagnosed are most
likely suffering greatly due to it.
Wrap-up Sentence: The facilities that are used to treat soldiers have problems that can
slow recovery, but there are still more problems for our veterans.
Paragraph 3
Topic sentence: Remaining problems for veterans with PTSD exist.
concrete detail: One problem exists in the initial diagnosis. Up to 80 percent of
PTSD cases exist with another psychiatric disorder.
commentary sentence (2): The other disorder can mask PTSD, which
makes it harder to see the symptoms. This can make diagnosing PTSD
very difficult.
concrete detail: Symptoms of PTSD can also recur when triggered. For instance,
many veterans with PTSD can have flashbacks if they hear a loud noise, or if
someone stands too close behind them.
8. Miles 8
commentary sentence (2): These flashbacks are the very problem that
doctors are trying to cure. The triggers stunt the recovery of the veteran
with PTSD.
concrete detail: One of the biggest problems for veterans with PTSD is that they
never sought treatment to begin with.
commentary sentence (2): Many veterans do not want this help because
they see it as a sign of weakness. Others feel that treatment will not help
them, and others do not understand that they have PTSD.
Wrap-up Sentence: Obviously, there are many problem that face veterans with, but there
are also many things that are being done to help these veterans.
Research Question 3: What is being done to cure soldiers with PTSD?
Paragraph 1
Topic Sentence: The military and Veterans Administration
concrete detail: The Army does want to find a cure. Since 2007, the Army has
invested $710 million in research.
commentary sentence (2): This shows that the US Army is concerned
about this problem. Hopefully, this large amount of money will find a
better treatment for PTSD.
concrete detail: The Veterans Administration offers many services to veterans
suffering from PTSD. These services include, but are not limited to: One-to-one
mental health assessment and testing, medicines, One-to-one psychotherapy and
also family therapy, and group therapy.
9. Miles 9
commentary sentence (2): Many of these services help veterans to cope
with their PTSD. Veterans who use these services have a chance of living
a normal life.
concrete detail: For patients with more serious PTSD, the Veterans
Administration also offer several other services. These are specialized treatments
for cases that are not cured with basic treatment. Treatments of this type range
from substance abuse and women’s treatment to 90 day hospitalization.
commentary sentence (2): One can see that the Veterans Administration
does not give up on veterans whose PTSD is not cured with basic
treatment. It is good that the men and women in the Veterans
Administration care this much about our veterans.
Wrap-up Sentence: The army and veterans administration want to fix this problem, but so
do other organizations.
Paragraph 2
Topic Sentence: There are also several options other than the treatment offered by the
Veterans Administration and Army.
concrete detail: One of these options is to take part in clinical trials offered by
universities across the nation. An example of this is the University of Pittsburgh.
The University of Pittsburgh has an extensive psychiatric program that deals with
PTSD victims regularly.
commentary sentence (2): Many of these programs ask for volunteers for
trials. If basic treatment has failed veterans, they ought to consider
volunteering for research trials.
10. Miles 10
concrete detail: Several research centers are researching a medication that would
enhance the brain’s ability to change during psychotherapy.
commentary sentence (2): This would be incredibly helpful because it
would allow the brain to change easier. Doctors would then be able to
change the veterans’ brain in a way that would help cure them of their
PTSD.
concrete detail: Another form of treatment for veterans is merely discussing their
condition with other veterans. These are called group therapy sessions.
commentary sentence (2): Many veterans find these sessions helpful
because they help to ease the pain of their traumatic memories. Veterans
cannot forget these memories, but they can come to view them differently,
which would help them live a better life.
Wrap-up Sentence: There are many organizations outside of the veterans administration
and army that dedicate much of their time to helping veterans, and there are also civilian
and charity organizations that can help.
Paragraph 3:
Topic Sentence: Society as a whole in America needs to help integrate its veterans back
into the normal life that they deserve.
concrete detail: There are many facilities across America to help veterans
suffering from PTSD, Traumatic Brain Injury, and other war related problems. An
example of this is Shepherd's Heart Veterans Home, an Uptown ministry for
homeless veterans that offers rooms, food, counseling and training as well as
weekly church services.
11. Miles 11
commentary sentence (2): Places like these can help veterans adjust to
normal life. Several of the veterans that stayed in this veteran’s home
could not hold a job, keep a house, or have a good relationship. After
staying here, these veterans were able to attain most of these things.
concrete detail: Jack Grate, a judge that has had to deal with a PTSD related
crime, said that, “Society does not have time for him to get solved.”
commentary sentence (2): What Grates is saying is that society did not
stop to help the veterans suffering from PTSD. Society should take the
time to help the veterans that are struggling to make it in civilian life.
concrete detail: The general public can do things to help veterans as well. One of
the most helpful things that the public can do is advocate for them to get resources
that they need.
commentary sentence (2): The United States’ veterans need all the help
that they can get. The people of America sacrificed many things in other
wars, such rationing food and supplies. In this war, the citizens of the
United States need to help soldiers get housing, treatment, work,
education, and anything else that they may need to help them adjust to
civilian life.
Conclusion: The veterans returning from the modern day wars need the help of civilians. The
general public does not know how Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects returning warriors.
United States citizens need to understand what these men and women are going through. It is the
citizen's’ responsibility to help veterans return to normal life. These men and women risked their
lives to protect their citizens; and, in return, have suffered psychologically. The citizens, who
12. Miles 12
live a protected and peaceful life, owe it to these young men and women to help them achieve
the same lifestyle.