The document discusses differences in food web structures between warmer shallow lakes and temperate lakes. Stable isotope analysis and community-wide trophic measures were used to analyze food webs in lakes in Uruguay and Denmark. The analysis found that warmer lakes had higher fish diversity and density, fewer top predators, and more omnivorous fish. This results in simpler food web structures with fewer trophic levels compared to temperate lakes. Omnivory among fish in warmer lakes appears to explain their more redundant and complex architectural properties.
Effects of density on spacing patterns and habitat associations of a Neotropi...Nicole Angeli
Presentation at Ecological Society of America, August 2013. Minneapolis, USA. –Oral Paper
Angeli, N. F., K. Lips, G. V. DiRenzo, and A. Cunha. “Effects of density on spacing patterns
and habitat associations in the Neotropical Glassfrog Espadarana prosoblepon.”
Ephemeral wetlands – vernal pools, are temporal isolated bodies of freshwater that host amphibious (aquatic & terrestrial) lifeforms. Herein rare plant species and living animal fossils have adapted to the extreme conditions of water saturation and rapid desiccation events. In many ways, vernal pools hold extreme properties analogous to conditions that could be found across the solar system; they are natural laboratories to understand life adaptations to extreme conditions, colonization events and ecological life patterns. Vernal pools are very appropriate to study life macroecology, the diversity and distribution patterns of the taxa across the globe including microbes. Microbial organisms in vernal pools had never been studied before. Using high-throughput sequencing technology we addressed the diversity of bacteria and archaea in soils, water and plant tissues, exploring community assembly mechanisms and diversity patterns. In addition, the microbes living inside plants —endophytes, which are known to alleviate plants under environmental stress, were unraveled for the first time from the vernal pool-amphibious plant species Eryngium castrense. Discrete diversity patterns were found across latitudinal and anthropogenic transects, but this last one pattern is still part of further investigation and analysis. Vernal pools represent a new frontier to understand the dynamics of life, holding important lessons about adaptation processes, including mutualisms. They can be seen as naturally enclosed ecosystems on planetary bodies or even spacecraft in our quest for extraterrestrial habitats.Protecting and understanding these understudied and threatened ecosystems may hold the key of future human survival.
Effects of density on spacing patterns and habitat associations of a Neotropi...Nicole Angeli
Presentation at Ecological Society of America, August 2013. Minneapolis, USA. –Oral Paper
Angeli, N. F., K. Lips, G. V. DiRenzo, and A. Cunha. “Effects of density on spacing patterns
and habitat associations in the Neotropical Glassfrog Espadarana prosoblepon.”
Ephemeral wetlands – vernal pools, are temporal isolated bodies of freshwater that host amphibious (aquatic & terrestrial) lifeforms. Herein rare plant species and living animal fossils have adapted to the extreme conditions of water saturation and rapid desiccation events. In many ways, vernal pools hold extreme properties analogous to conditions that could be found across the solar system; they are natural laboratories to understand life adaptations to extreme conditions, colonization events and ecological life patterns. Vernal pools are very appropriate to study life macroecology, the diversity and distribution patterns of the taxa across the globe including microbes. Microbial organisms in vernal pools had never been studied before. Using high-throughput sequencing technology we addressed the diversity of bacteria and archaea in soils, water and plant tissues, exploring community assembly mechanisms and diversity patterns. In addition, the microbes living inside plants —endophytes, which are known to alleviate plants under environmental stress, were unraveled for the first time from the vernal pool-amphibious plant species Eryngium castrense. Discrete diversity patterns were found across latitudinal and anthropogenic transects, but this last one pattern is still part of further investigation and analysis. Vernal pools represent a new frontier to understand the dynamics of life, holding important lessons about adaptation processes, including mutualisms. They can be seen as naturally enclosed ecosystems on planetary bodies or even spacecraft in our quest for extraterrestrial habitats.Protecting and understanding these understudied and threatened ecosystems may hold the key of future human survival.
Two hydrothermal vent fields have been described at the ultra-slow spreading ridge of the Mid-Cayman Rise (MRC), including the world’s deepest (Piccard ~4985m) and the nearby Von Damm vent field (~2300m). Both vent fields support a localized high-biomass. The food web has chemoautotrophic bacteria at the base and includes bacterivorous shrimp as well as carnivores: shrimp and anemones.
The alvinocaridid shrimp Rimicaris hybisae is abundant at both vent fields and shows spatial variability in population structure. So far it has been considered bacterivorous. Large variations in tissue δ13C values remained largely unexplained, and it has been argued that δ13C values are not a good food web tracer in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
We observed that shrimp tended to be either in dense aggregations on active chimneys, or more sparsely distributed and peripheral in (near) ambient temperatures. With the hypotheses that varying δ13C values show real differences in food sources and that shrimp in different locales might have different diets, we collected shrimp from both environments at the Von Damm site during an Ocean Exploration Trust Expedition with E/V Nautilus (NA034, 08/2013) and examined their gut contents.
Gut contents of all shrimp from dense aggregations consisted of white, amorphous material that resembled bacteria. Sparsely distributed shrimp (~1m from dense aggregations) had guts filled with fragments of crustacean exoskeleton, a mixture of bacteria-like material and crustacean exoskeleton, or bacteria-like material only.
We analyzed stable isotope compositions of the shrimp and their gut contents. Shrimp δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values reflect those of their gut contents +1 trophic level. Sparse shrimp have dramatically lower δ13C and δ34S values, and slightly elevated δ15N values, in comparison to dense shrimp. Sparse and dense R. hybisae clearly have different diets. Ongoing work is determining what exactly is this crustacean food source, whether diet changes occur during life history, and if this is linked to the molting cycle.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Pol Tarrats presentation on Sefs9 - Geneva 2015
CLAM project - Global Change in Mountain Lakes
"Study and understand the present to explain the past"
ABSTRACT: Grab samples from Enol Lake (1080 m.a.s.l., Picos de Europa National Park, Spain) were collected to evaluate the chironomid community composition, structure and spatial and temporal variability. We obtained 3 replicate samples at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 m water depth four times per year (May, July, September and November) in two consecutive years (2013 and 2014), with a total of 120 samples analyzed. A total of 19 taxa were identified, although the dominant taxa in all samples were Paratanytarsus, Chironomus, Tanytarsus and Procladius choreus. Chironomusand Stictochironomus taxa abundance increased with depth while the more abundant taxa in the littoral were Paratanytarsus,Endochironomus and Corynoneura. Seasonal changes concern many chironomid taxa, although it is more relevant in the case ofCorynoneura, Tanytarsus and Procladius. Spatial changes are mostly related to the presence of macrophytes and algae, especially Chara, as chironomid composition and abundance are very different in samples from macrophyte-rich and poor areas.
Analyses of Community Attributes of Meiofauna Under A Pollution Regime in the...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Meiofauna community attributes of the lower Bonny estuary was investigated under a pollution regime. This is germane because of the strategic importance of meiofauna in the food chain and the sustenance of any aquatic ecosystem. Five stations representing diverse land based activities such as refuse dump site, fuel depot, fishing-landing areas, residential housing and a station located upstream (control) were chosen for investigation. The meiofauna samples were collected from sediments in three replicate spots per station per sampling months at low tide. Sediment samples were stirred through (63-212nm) meshes to separate meiofauna and organic debris. Meiofauna samples were processed by first washing Meiofauna through a sieve of fine mesh size made of silk material, in order to wash off formation and excess silt or mud. Meiofauna samples were sorted out and identified using standard keys. Result from field studies indicate that meiofauna population abundance and diversity varied slightly between stations and seasons. There was however, no established trend. Meiofauna were generally more abundant in the rainy season than in the dry season. In general, pollution indicator meiofaunal taxa were more in all stations except the control station; the increasing impact of pollutants in the river led to a rise in the relative abundance of r-strategist genera like Chromadora. We conclude that the application of meiofaunal indices can be a useful tool for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine ecosystems.
So we were tasked to write scientific papers about the five ecosystems which we have sampled namely: Forest, Grassland, Stream, Coastal Marine, and Mangrove Ecosystems. But then since it was such a handful assignment, our teacher agreed that we can pick only two of these ecosystems that we'll make a scientific paper about and I chose Grassland and Coastal Marine Ecosystems.
Effect of Climate Change on Copepods Diversity in a Subtropical Pond of JammuAnuragSingh1049
The prevalence of copepods that constitute an important role in food chain of aquatic ecosystem and act as indicators of productivity were examined in Kunjwani pond, Jammu. Five copepod species, Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops hyalinus, M. leukarti, Paracyclops fimbriatus and Neodiaptomus diaphorus were recorded along with their different level of developmental stages like nauplius, metanauplius and copepodite. These exhibited trimodal peaks during March, June and October. The data revealed that their distribution is correlated with physico-chemical factors. January to June higher density may be influenced by temperature (19.89-34.5 0C), suspended matter (50.0-112.5 mg/l.), pH (7.58-9.98), DO (2.68-11.0 mg/l.), Ca++ (12.49-31.30 mg/l.) and Mg++ (2.64-8.68 mg/l.). The species diversity index ranged between 0.9583-1.6539.
Two hydrothermal vent fields have been described at the ultra-slow spreading ridge of the Mid-Cayman Rise (MRC), including the world’s deepest (Piccard ~4985m) and the nearby Von Damm vent field (~2300m). Both vent fields support a localized high-biomass. The food web has chemoautotrophic bacteria at the base and includes bacterivorous shrimp as well as carnivores: shrimp and anemones.
The alvinocaridid shrimp Rimicaris hybisae is abundant at both vent fields and shows spatial variability in population structure. So far it has been considered bacterivorous. Large variations in tissue δ13C values remained largely unexplained, and it has been argued that δ13C values are not a good food web tracer in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
We observed that shrimp tended to be either in dense aggregations on active chimneys, or more sparsely distributed and peripheral in (near) ambient temperatures. With the hypotheses that varying δ13C values show real differences in food sources and that shrimp in different locales might have different diets, we collected shrimp from both environments at the Von Damm site during an Ocean Exploration Trust Expedition with E/V Nautilus (NA034, 08/2013) and examined their gut contents.
Gut contents of all shrimp from dense aggregations consisted of white, amorphous material that resembled bacteria. Sparsely distributed shrimp (~1m from dense aggregations) had guts filled with fragments of crustacean exoskeleton, a mixture of bacteria-like material and crustacean exoskeleton, or bacteria-like material only.
We analyzed stable isotope compositions of the shrimp and their gut contents. Shrimp δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values reflect those of their gut contents +1 trophic level. Sparse shrimp have dramatically lower δ13C and δ34S values, and slightly elevated δ15N values, in comparison to dense shrimp. Sparse and dense R. hybisae clearly have different diets. Ongoing work is determining what exactly is this crustacean food source, whether diet changes occur during life history, and if this is linked to the molting cycle.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Pol Tarrats presentation on Sefs9 - Geneva 2015
CLAM project - Global Change in Mountain Lakes
"Study and understand the present to explain the past"
ABSTRACT: Grab samples from Enol Lake (1080 m.a.s.l., Picos de Europa National Park, Spain) were collected to evaluate the chironomid community composition, structure and spatial and temporal variability. We obtained 3 replicate samples at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 m water depth four times per year (May, July, September and November) in two consecutive years (2013 and 2014), with a total of 120 samples analyzed. A total of 19 taxa were identified, although the dominant taxa in all samples were Paratanytarsus, Chironomus, Tanytarsus and Procladius choreus. Chironomusand Stictochironomus taxa abundance increased with depth while the more abundant taxa in the littoral were Paratanytarsus,Endochironomus and Corynoneura. Seasonal changes concern many chironomid taxa, although it is more relevant in the case ofCorynoneura, Tanytarsus and Procladius. Spatial changes are mostly related to the presence of macrophytes and algae, especially Chara, as chironomid composition and abundance are very different in samples from macrophyte-rich and poor areas.
Analyses of Community Attributes of Meiofauna Under A Pollution Regime in the...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Meiofauna community attributes of the lower Bonny estuary was investigated under a pollution regime. This is germane because of the strategic importance of meiofauna in the food chain and the sustenance of any aquatic ecosystem. Five stations representing diverse land based activities such as refuse dump site, fuel depot, fishing-landing areas, residential housing and a station located upstream (control) were chosen for investigation. The meiofauna samples were collected from sediments in three replicate spots per station per sampling months at low tide. Sediment samples were stirred through (63-212nm) meshes to separate meiofauna and organic debris. Meiofauna samples were processed by first washing Meiofauna through a sieve of fine mesh size made of silk material, in order to wash off formation and excess silt or mud. Meiofauna samples were sorted out and identified using standard keys. Result from field studies indicate that meiofauna population abundance and diversity varied slightly between stations and seasons. There was however, no established trend. Meiofauna were generally more abundant in the rainy season than in the dry season. In general, pollution indicator meiofaunal taxa were more in all stations except the control station; the increasing impact of pollutants in the river led to a rise in the relative abundance of r-strategist genera like Chromadora. We conclude that the application of meiofaunal indices can be a useful tool for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine ecosystems.
So we were tasked to write scientific papers about the five ecosystems which we have sampled namely: Forest, Grassland, Stream, Coastal Marine, and Mangrove Ecosystems. But then since it was such a handful assignment, our teacher agreed that we can pick only two of these ecosystems that we'll make a scientific paper about and I chose Grassland and Coastal Marine Ecosystems.
Effect of Climate Change on Copepods Diversity in a Subtropical Pond of JammuAnuragSingh1049
The prevalence of copepods that constitute an important role in food chain of aquatic ecosystem and act as indicators of productivity were examined in Kunjwani pond, Jammu. Five copepod species, Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops hyalinus, M. leukarti, Paracyclops fimbriatus and Neodiaptomus diaphorus were recorded along with their different level of developmental stages like nauplius, metanauplius and copepodite. These exhibited trimodal peaks during March, June and October. The data revealed that their distribution is correlated with physico-chemical factors. January to June higher density may be influenced by temperature (19.89-34.5 0C), suspended matter (50.0-112.5 mg/l.), pH (7.58-9.98), DO (2.68-11.0 mg/l.), Ca++ (12.49-31.30 mg/l.) and Mg++ (2.64-8.68 mg/l.). The species diversity index ranged between 0.9583-1.6539.
Utilization of Multiple Habitat Sampling Protocol for Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Water
Quality in Stream Ecosystem in Lawis,
Buruun, Iligan City
LAB NAME3Lab Number ____Your NameProfe.docxsmile790243
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This section is for documenting the steps that were performed in order to complete the lab questions. Specific command entries can be entered here as well as screenshots.
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What is the specific command line for using a Linux operating system?
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Body shrinkage due to Arctic
warming reduces red knot fitness in
tropical wintering range
Jan A. van Gils,1* Simeon Lisovski,2 Tamar Lok,3,4 Włodzimierz Meissner,5
Agnieszka Ożarowska,5 Jimmy de Fouw,1 Eldar Rakhimberdiev,1,6 Mikhail Y. Soloviev,6
Theunis Piersma,1,3 Marcel Klaassen2
Reductions in body size are increasingly being identified as a response to climate
warming. Here we present evidence for a case of such body shrinkage, potentially due
to malnutrition in early life. We show that an avian long-distance migrant (red knot,
Calidris canutus canutus), which is experiencing globally unrivaled warming rates at its
high-Arctic breeding grounds, produces smaller offspring with shorter bills during
summers with early snowmelt. This has consequences half a world away at their tropical
wintering grounds, where shorter-billed individuals have reduced survival rates. This is
associated with these molluscivores eating fewer deeply buried bivalve prey and more
shallowly buried seagrass rhizomes. We suggest that seasonal migrants can experience
reduced fitness at one end of their range as a result of a changing climate at the
other end.
P
henological changes andgeographicalrange
shifts are well-known responses to climate
change(1).Athirdbroadlyobservedresponse
to global warming appears to be shrinkage
of bodies (2–5). It has been hypothesized
that body shrinkage is a geneticmicroevolutionary
response to warming, due to smaller individuals
being better able to dissipate body heat because
of the larger surface/volume ratio of their bodies
[e.g., Bergmann’s rule (2)]. Alternatively, ithas been
putforwardthatclimatechangemaydisrupttroph-
ic interactions, potentially leading to malnutrition
during an organism’s juvenile life stage (6, 7). Be-
cause poor growth may not be compensated for
later in life (8), this would lead to smaller bodies
(i.e., shrinkage as a phenotypically plastic response).
Under climate change, some regions are warm-
ing faster than others. Especially in the Arctic,
warminghas been observedat unprecedentedr ...
Nature based sustainable sewage treatmentEzra Orlofsky
80% of the globe does not have a sewage connection. The cost of no action is in the trillions of USD. Wetlands are consistently rated as the most valuable terrestrial biome. Engineered wetlands as a decentralized model of sewage treatment is viable economically and ecologically. Data is provided to support that claim. Credits are provided in the presentation with links to sources. If something is unclear what the source is please let me know. Thanks to: Jan Vymazal; Ayala Water & Ecology, Migal Qiryat Shemona.
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR EXPLORING THE LFI: “PROPORTION OF LARGE FISH - INDICATOR” PROPERTIES FOR INTERPRETING THE CHANGES IN THE FISH COMMUNITY OF THE SOUTH ADRIATIC AREA (GSA18)
Similar to Shallow lakes trophic web in contrasting climates Iglesias cbl xiii (20)
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Shallow lakes trophic web in contrasting climates Iglesias cbl xiii
1. Widespread omnivory in warmer shallow lakes
determines different food web structures than
observed in temperate ones
Carlos Iglesias , Mariana Meerhoff, Liselotte S. Johansson, Mariana
Vianna, Néstor Mazzeo, Juan Pablo Pacheco, Franco Teixeira de
Mello, Guillermo Goyenola, Iván González-Bergonzoni, Torben L.
Lauridsen, Martin Søndergaard, Thomas A. Davidson & Erik Jeppesen
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
4-8 de Setembro 2011, Natal, RN
3. What is a Shallow lake ?
• Medium depht ca. 3 m
• Light can reach bottom
• No or very short-term stratifications
• Strong water-sediments link
• Wide distributed, very important to
humans
P
P
P
Very well studied in cold temperate areas
Theoretical
framework
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
ALTERNATIVE STATES
(Scheffer et al., 1993)
4. Alternative (stable) states hypotheses
Total P(g L-1) concentration
25
only
submerged
plants
50
100
1000
Transparency and plant -associated mechanisms
clear water submerged plants
Forward switches
scarce
plants
Biomanipulation
turbid water
phytoplankton
phytoplankton
dominance
Turbid water-associated mechanisms
higher probability of phytoplankton OR free-floating plants
higher probability of submerged plants dominance
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
5. Role of submerged plants in temperate lakes
BOTTOM-UP
Nutrients/Light
Sedimentation rate
+
turbidity
+
-
phytoplankton
allelopathy
submerged plants
-
+
+
nutrients
Modified from Scheffer et al. 1993
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
+
periphyton
6. Role of submerged plants in temperate lakes
+
piscivorous fish
submerged plants
planktivorous fish
zooplankton
Modified from Scheffer et al. 1993
TOP DOWN
Direct trophic Interactions
Cascading effects (Carpenter & Kitchell 1986)
REFUGE
Diel migrations (Timms & Moss, 1984)
Behavioural cascades (Romare & Hansson 2002)
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
7. Role of submerged plants in warmer lakes
Temperate lakes
Subtropical lakes
high submerged plant cover with low
phytoplankton
loss of clear patterns
high phytoplankton biomass with
low plant %PVI
high plant %PVI simultaneous with
phytoplankton biomass
Jeppesen et al in 2007
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
8. Role of submerged plants in warmer lakes
Subtropical lakes
Effects of macrophytes on trophic interactions more complex and
water clarity less improved
This is apparently a consequence of markedly different trophic web
interactions (zooplankton & fish)
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
9. Changes on fish community structure
High diversity
(TdeM 2009)
High density (specialy in plants)
Small-sized species with high abundances
(Meerhoff et al., 2007)
Few large-sized strict piscivores
(Quiros, 1998)
Dominance of omnivorous species
(Lazzaro, 1997)
Several reproduction events. No window of
opportunity for zooplankton (Van Leeuwen et al.,
2007)
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
10. Food webs changes among climatic regions
Denmark
Uruguay
11x higher density in the subtropical
lakes
temperate fish more “pelagic”
subtropical fish more “littoral”
Large-bodied
zooplankters infrequent
or absent.
5.5x lower density in
subtropical lakes
8x lower density of macroinvertebrates
4x lower periphyton biomass, despite better
growing conditions of light & temperature
(Meerhof et al GChB 2008)
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
11. Food webs changes among climatic regions
More complex and less hierarchically structured
More fish co-ocurred with fewer cladocerans and invertebrates
Lower biomass of periphyton than expected (less grazing high light and temp)
(Meerhof et al GChB 2008)
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
12. Objectives and Methodological approach
Are the food webs more truncated
in subtropical lakes?
and fuelled by periphyton to a larger
extent?
From Hugie & Dill 1994
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
13. Objectives and Methodological approach
Stable isotopes analysis +
Community-wide measures of trophic structure
(Vander Zanden & Vadeboncouer, 2002/Post, 2002/Layman et al., 2007)
dN indicates trophic position and dC carbon sources
Uruguay 30-35 。 S
Denmark 55-57 。N
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
14. Food webs changes among climatic regions
Stable isotopes analysis + Community-wide
measures of trophic structure
• Trophic position
• Trophic web length (Max TP)
• % Littoral Contribution
• Carbon range (amplitude of C sources)
• Total area (niche space ocupied)
• Mean nearest neighbour distance
(redundancy)
CR3
CR2
TA
CR= max –min carbon
TWL
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
15. Food webs changes among climatic regions
%CONT
LITT
TA
NND*
3.5
53.5
10.1
0.4
9.7
5.9
54.7
9.2
0.4
9.9
9.4
7.6
64.5
15.5
0.6
4.1
8.5
7.7
5.1
50.7
16.0
0.6
4
4.4
7
7
3.4
46.1
10.7
0.7
11
4.0
8.5
7.7
5.1
53.5
10.7
0.6
Range
4-13
3.4-4.4
7.0-9.9
4.5-9.7
3.4-7.6
46.1-64.5
9.2-16.0
0.4-0.7
VAENG
8
5.1
4.9
4.3
2.6
52.7
8.6
0.6
TRANEVIG
6
5.8
10.5
7.3
0.6
58.3
16.1
0.9
GAMMELMOSE
4
4.6
4.6
4.4
3.0
98.2
10.2
1.2
DENDERUP
3
4.4
9.9
9.9
4.1
31.6
15.4
0.6
DK Median
5
4.8
7.4
5.9
2.8
55.5
12.8
0.8
3-8
4.4-5.8
4.6-10.5
4.3-9.9
0.6-4.1
31.6-98.2
8.6-16.1
0.6-1.2
Zvalue
1.85
2.2
0.1
0.7
1.96
0.25
0.0
1.98
p
0.06
0.02
0.9
0.5
0.05
0.6
0.99
0.05
Lake
FR*
TLW*
CR
CR 2
CISNE
13
4.0
7.7
4.5
DIARIO
11
3.4
9.7
GARCIA
11
3.9
CLOTILDE
9
BLANCA
UY Median
Range
CR 3*
In warmer lakes
Temperate = Subtropical lakes
Reliance in Littoral (ca. 50%)
Carbon range
Total extent of trophic diversity
2X Fish richness
-1 Trophic Levels
2x CR3
More redundant species
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
16. Food webs changes among climatic regions
Temperate = Subtropical lakes
Reliance in Littoral (ca. 50%)
Carbon range
Total extent of trophic diversity
Implicances on Trophic webs architecture
-1 Trophic Levels
2x CR3
More redundant species
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
17. Food webs changes among climatic regions
(Meerhoff et al,2007)
XII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
18. Food webs changes among climatic regions
Implicances on Trophic webs architecture
-1 Trophic Levels
2x CR3
More redundant species
3 Structural mechanisms
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
(Post & Takimoto,2007)
19. Food webs changes among climatic regions
Omnivory may explain the observed architecture
(Post & Takimoto,2007)
Gonzalez-Bergonzoni subbmited
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
20. Conclusions
submerged plants
piscivorous fish
+
+
piscivorous fish
submerged plants
OMNIVOROUS
fish
planktivorous fish
zooplankton
zooplankton
Modified from Scheffer et al. 1993
Different structure of trophic webs (and probably also functioning).
Omnivory appears as the most plausible explanation
Strong effects to whole system functioning.
Asymmetries in some important feed backs probably weak alternative
states to occur
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21. Conclusions
ONE FINAL REMARK: We do have plant dominated clear water systems, even
with quite high nutrient levels that seems to be persistent in time.
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
22. Thanks!!
Thanks for finantial support to AU, NERI and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation in
DK. PDT, ANII, CSIC –Udelar in Uruguay
XIII Congresso Brasilero de Limnologia
Present myself, Supervisors and members of the comitee
Quite fast trough these one only mention nutrient control and interactions among plants and phyto and existence of feedbacks. Plants clarify water and clear water promotes plant development.A couple of words on the importance of nutrients in the lower levels and how this effect dissipates going upwards.
Top down-Bottom up Mcqueens model, importance of the strength of trophic links to have feed backs strong enough to create attractors and sustain alternative states hypotesis in shallow lakes. Dependant in key species, like Daphnia. Strength here the importance of plants by affecting interactions among different members of the trophic web
Macrophyte and clear water in warmer lakes not really ocurring this was attributed to strong differences of communities
SIA analysis using Community wide metrics of trophic webs proposed by Layman et al 2007
SIA analysis using Community wide metrics of trophic webs proposed by Layman et al 2007