Two hydrothermal vent fields have been described at the ultra-slow spreading ridge of the Mid-Cayman Rise (MRC), including the world’s deepest (Piccard ~4985m) and the nearby Von Damm vent field (~2300m). Both vent fields support a localized high-biomass. The food web has chemoautotrophic bacteria at the base and includes bacterivorous shrimp as well as carnivores: shrimp and anemones.
The alvinocaridid shrimp Rimicaris hybisae is abundant at both vent fields and shows spatial variability in population structure. So far it has been considered bacterivorous. Large variations in tissue δ13C values remained largely unexplained, and it has been argued that δ13C values are not a good food web tracer in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
We observed that shrimp tended to be either in dense aggregations on active chimneys, or more sparsely distributed and peripheral in (near) ambient temperatures. With the hypotheses that varying δ13C values show real differences in food sources and that shrimp in different locales might have different diets, we collected shrimp from both environments at the Von Damm site during an Ocean Exploration Trust Expedition with E/V Nautilus (NA034, 08/2013) and examined their gut contents.
Gut contents of all shrimp from dense aggregations consisted of white, amorphous material that resembled bacteria. Sparsely distributed shrimp (~1m from dense aggregations) had guts filled with fragments of crustacean exoskeleton, a mixture of bacteria-like material and crustacean exoskeleton, or bacteria-like material only.
We analyzed stable isotope compositions of the shrimp and their gut contents. Shrimp δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values reflect those of their gut contents +1 trophic level. Sparse shrimp have dramatically lower δ13C and δ34S values, and slightly elevated δ15N values, in comparison to dense shrimp. Sparse and dense R. hybisae clearly have different diets. Ongoing work is determining what exactly is this crustacean food source, whether diet changes occur during life history, and if this is linked to the molting cycle.
Two hydrothermal vent fields have been described at the ultra-slow spreading ridge of the Mid-Cayman Rise (MRC), including the world’s deepest (Piccard ~4985m) and the nearby Von Damm vent field (~2300m). Both vent fields support a localized high-biomass. The food web has chemoautotrophic bacteria at the base and includes bacterivorous shrimp as well as carnivores: shrimp and anemones.
The alvinocaridid shrimp Rimicaris hybisae is abundant at both vent fields and shows spatial variability in population structure. So far it has been considered bacterivorous. Large variations in tissue δ13C values remained largely unexplained, and it has been argued that δ13C values are not a good food web tracer in hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
We observed that shrimp tended to be either in dense aggregations on active chimneys, or more sparsely distributed and peripheral in (near) ambient temperatures. With the hypotheses that varying δ13C values show real differences in food sources and that shrimp in different locales might have different diets, we collected shrimp from both environments at the Von Damm site during an Ocean Exploration Trust Expedition with E/V Nautilus (NA034, 08/2013) and examined their gut contents.
Gut contents of all shrimp from dense aggregations consisted of white, amorphous material that resembled bacteria. Sparsely distributed shrimp (~1m from dense aggregations) had guts filled with fragments of crustacean exoskeleton, a mixture of bacteria-like material and crustacean exoskeleton, or bacteria-like material only.
We analyzed stable isotope compositions of the shrimp and their gut contents. Shrimp δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values reflect those of their gut contents +1 trophic level. Sparse shrimp have dramatically lower δ13C and δ34S values, and slightly elevated δ15N values, in comparison to dense shrimp. Sparse and dense R. hybisae clearly have different diets. Ongoing work is determining what exactly is this crustacean food source, whether diet changes occur during life history, and if this is linked to the molting cycle.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Poster ISME 2012 - Gut community analysis of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)Thomas Haverkamp
By far the majority of vertebrate diversity is represented by fish lineages. Nevertheless, gut communities of vertebrates have been mainly investigated in mammalian hosts despite the fact that mammals only represent a fraction of this diversity. Most fish gut communities have been studied with 16S rRNA clone libraries or culture based methods and only one pyrosequenced zebrafish gut community study – in which individual samples were pooled - is available[1,2]. Therefore, a detailed microbial community analysis of fish guts using the power of next generation sequencing on individual samples is lacking. Here we analyze pyrosequenced amplicon libraries of the gut communities of 11 Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) specimens caught in the outer Oslo Fjord. We find that the most abundant taxa are shared among individuals, an observation supporting the idea of the presence of a core gut microbiome in fish species.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Poster ISME 2012 - Gut community analysis of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)Thomas Haverkamp
By far the majority of vertebrate diversity is represented by fish lineages. Nevertheless, gut communities of vertebrates have been mainly investigated in mammalian hosts despite the fact that mammals only represent a fraction of this diversity. Most fish gut communities have been studied with 16S rRNA clone libraries or culture based methods and only one pyrosequenced zebrafish gut community study – in which individual samples were pooled - is available[1,2]. Therefore, a detailed microbial community analysis of fish guts using the power of next generation sequencing on individual samples is lacking. Here we analyze pyrosequenced amplicon libraries of the gut communities of 11 Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) specimens caught in the outer Oslo Fjord. We find that the most abundant taxa are shared among individuals, an observation supporting the idea of the presence of a core gut microbiome in fish species.
Behavioral and Morphological Variation in Brachycentrids (Brachycentridae Bra...KellieWatkins1
BEHAVIORAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN BRACHYCENTRIDS (BRACHYCENTRIDAE BRACHYCENTRUS SPP.) OF TWO NORTHERN MICHIGAN STREAMS
Authors: Maya Chang, Kellie Watkins, Jillian Geyer
University of Michigan Biological Station Summer of 2009
Faculty Mentor: Jordan Price, PhD
Presentation by Dr. Jonathan J. Cole, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Starting in its earliest development, limnology has tended to view lakes as rather isolated from their terrestrial watersheds. This view of lakes as microcosms (Forbes 1887) proved useful in some ways, but it failed to help explain phenomena such as eutrophication which is driven by the external input of nutrients. While the study of limiting nutrients has fully embraced the watershed for decades, the study of C cycling in lakes has maintained a somewhat microcosm viewpoint. This is a viewpoint in which organic C is envisioned as being formed almost entirely by photosynthesis within the system (autochthonous sources); exogenous sources are largely ignored, downplayed, or assumed to be refractory. A number of disparate research threads in recent decades have completely overturned this view.
Nourishment and Nursery Habitats: Dietary and Habitat-Use Biomarkers in the Saltmarsh
Created by Kathryn Brinegar @ University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Utilization of Multiple Habitat Sampling Protocol for Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Water
Quality in Stream Ecosystem in Lawis,
Buruun, Iligan City
A talk examining how the energy requirements for life in the ocean impact evolution, ecology, and ultimately biodiversity. I examine this through the lense of both energy allocation and energy adaptation theory.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in
British Columbia Grizzly Bears:
Consequence of Divergent Diets
J E N N I E R . C H R I S T E N S E N , † , ‡
M I S T Y M A C D U F F E E , §
R O B I E W . M A C D O N A L D , † , ‡
M I C H A E L W H I T I C A R , ‡ A N D
P E T E R S . R O S S * , † , ‡
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada,
P.O. Box 6000, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British
Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada, School of Earth and Ocean
Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia
V8W 3P6, Canada, and Raincoast Conservation Society,
P.O. Box 8663, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3S2, Canada
Presentation given about the first "earthworm results" at the showcase afternoon for the Chemical Analysis Facility at the University of Reading
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Poster EGU2014
1. Previously unsuspected dietary habits of hydrothermal vent fauna:
The bacterivorous shrimp Rimicaris hybisae can be carnivorous
Emma Versteegh1
*, Cindy Van Dover2
, Max Coleman1,3
*emma.versteegh@jpl.nasa.gov
1
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; 2
Duke Marine Lab, Duke University, Beaufort NC, USA; NASA Astrobiology Institute
Research questions
• What causes the previously observed wide range of δ13
C values in
R. hybisae tissues?
• Are the different δ13
C values related to differences between dense
and sparse shrimp aggregations?
• What can δ15
N and δ34
S values tell about ecological or
physiological differences between dense and sparse shrimp?
Hypotheses
With the aim to investigate diet & trophic shifts of dense and sparse R. Hybisae, we tested the
following hypotheses:
• Dense and sparse Rimicaris differ in diet: varying δ13
C values show real differences in
food sources between individuals.
• They are metabolically different.
Preliminary conclusions
Dense and sparse R. hybisae use
different food sources. Dense shrimp eat
bacteria only, while sparse shrimp appear
to eat crustacea, and possibly other
animals.
The switch between diets might be
related to the molting cycle, as the shrimp
temporarily lose their episymbionts when
molting.
Ongoing and future work
More δ13
C and δ15
N analyses of gut
contents are under way to complete the
picture on isotopic composition of food.
NASA/JPL/Ted Stryk
Mid-Cayman Rise
hydrothermal vents
In 2009 two hydrothermal vent fields
were discovered at the ultra-slow
spreading Mid-Cayman Rise. These
include the world’s deepest, the
Piccard Vent Field at 4960m, which
vents fluids at extremely high
temperatures (398°C). The nearby Von
Damm vent field (2309m deep) is an
off-axis vent field, located on the upper
slopes of an oceanic core complex,
with diffuse venting at up to 226°C.
Life in the dark:
the food web
The Von Damm vent field supports a complex
food web, which includes bactivorous shrimp
and carnivorous anemones. There is probably
some influx of photosynthetically produced
carbon as well.
Rimicaris hybisae
The shrimp species Rimicaris hybisae is
abundant at both known MCR vent fields and
shows a high degree of spatial variability in
population structure and reproductive
features. In previous work it has been
considered bacterivorous.
Dense and sparse
We observed that shrimp tended to be either
in dense aggregations on active chimneys, or
more sparsely distributed, peripheral in
ambient or near-ambient temperatures.
δ13
C and δ15
N values
Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13
C values) and
nitrogen (δ15
N values) have been proven to be
useful tools in determining trophic positions
and disentangling food webs. Generally an
animal is enriched by about 1‰ in 13
C and
about 3.4‰ in 15
N relative to its diet.
Large variations in R. hybisae tissue δ13
C
values have so far been unexplained, and it
has been argued that δ13
C values are not a
good food web tracer in hydrothermal vent
ecosystems.
Results
Gut contents of all shrimp from dense aggregations at the Von Damm field consisted of white,
amorphous material that resembled bacteria. Sparsely distributed peripheral shrimp had
stomachs filled with fragments of crustacean exoskeleton (5 out of 13), a mixture of
bacteria-like material and crustacean exoskeleton (3 out of 13), or bacteria-like material only
(5 out of 13).
The range of δ13
C values of sparse R. hybisae partially overlaps with, but tends to be lower
than for dense individuals. δ15
N values all fall in a narrow range and are slightly elevated in
some sparse shrimp in comparison with dense individuals. δ34
S values of sparse shrimp are
lower by up to 5‰ than dense shrimp. Carnivorous Lebbeus virentova shrimp are isotopically
more similar to dense than to sparse R. hybisae.
Tail tissue isotopic compositions reflect those of the gut contents. No enrichment was found
between gut content and tail tissue for δ13
C and δ34
S values. With respect to δ15
N values, tail
tissue was enriched by 3.3‰; the expected amount for 1 trophic level.
These results suggest dense and sparse R. hybisae use different food sources.
Methods
Samples were collected during the E/V
Nautilus Expedition on August 26 2013 at
the Von Damm vent field. Individual shrimp
were sampled with the remotely operated
vehicle Hercules from dense and sparse
assemblages, separated by ~1m. R.
hybisae were dissected and gut contents
identified.
Samples were analyzed using a combined
analysis for δ13
C and δ15
N values and a
separate setup for δ34
S values on a Thermo
MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer,
connected to a Costech ECS 4010
elemental analyzer.
Abstract
Dense and sparse assemblages of
the shrimp species Rimicaris
hybisae were sampled at the Von
Damm hydrothermal vent field
(Mid-Cayman Rise).
Although previously considered
bacterivorous, examination of gut
contents show differences in diet
between dense and sparse shrimp.
This is corroborated by stable
isotope analyses of tail tissues and
gut contents. The switch in diet
might or might not be a life-history
trait related to the molting cycle. www.nautiluslive.org
Location of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center, in the
middle of the Cayman Trough, south of Cuba.
(Jack Cook, WHOI)
1
2
3
4 5
6
8Life in the dark: Europa?
Jupiter’s moon Europa has a metallic core
and a further rocky composition like the
terrestrial planets. It is covered by a deep
ice-covered ocean (together ~100km).
Due to Jupiter’s tidal heating, there is
potential hydrothermal activity. Oxygen can
be produced by breaking down of water
molecules under the influence of Jupiter’s
radiation field. Thus, Europa could support a
chemosynthetically-based ecosystem
hosting species similar to, but not the same
as Rimicaris hybisae.
Several other moons in the Solar system,
e.g. Enceladus, are thought to have
subsurface oceans and might harbor similar
life-supporting conditions.
The ocean on Europa
could potentially drive
hydrothermal circula-
tion. Image coutesy of
NASA (Europa Jupiter
System Mission Report,
2010)
NASA/JPL/Ted Stryk
7