Chironomid community dynamics in Enol Lake (Picos de Europa National Park, Spain)
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Pol Tarrats presentation on Sefs9 - Geneva 2015 CLAM project - Global Change in Mountain Lakes "Study and understand the present to explain the past" ABSTRACT: Grab samples from Enol Lake (1080 m.a.s.l., Picos de Europa National Park, Spain) were collected to evaluate the chironomid community composition, structure and spatial and temporal variability. We obtained 3 replicate samples at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 m water depth four times per year (May, July, September and November) in two consecutive years (2013 and 2014), with a total of 120 samples analyzed. A total of 19 taxa were identified, although the dominant taxa in all samples were Paratanytarsus, Chironomus, Tanytarsus and Procladius choreus. Chironomusand Stictochironomus taxa abundance increased with depth while the more abundant taxa in the littoral were Paratanytarsus,Endochironomus and Corynoneura. Seasonal changes concern many chironomid taxa, although it is more relevant in the case ofCorynoneura, Tanytarsus and Procladius. Spatial changes are mostly related to the presence of macrophytes and algae, especially Chara, as chironomid composition and abundance are very different in samples from macrophyte-rich and poor areas.
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Ecohydraulics. Environmental Flow Assessment and river restoration. Habitat suitability models for fish and aquatic invertebrates. Studies of habitat-biota relationships at microhabitat, mesohabitat and macrohabitat (distribution) scale.
Application and adaptation of the physical habitat simulation and habitat analyses in rivers and wetlands of different regions of the globe.
Ecological modelling. Statistical techniques and machine learning are used to develop habitat suitability models for native, non-native and invasive fish species, as well as for macroinvertebrate's taxa.
Modelling relations between Flow regime and Riparian vegetation.
Denitrification within Saturated Riparian Buffers Re-designed to Remove Nitra...
Denitrification within Saturated Riparian Buffers Re-designed to Remove Nitra...National Institute of Food and Agriculture
This document summarizes a study on using saturated riparian buffers to remove nitrate from subsurface agricultural drainage. Key findings include:
- Saturated buffers significantly reduced nitrate levels in tile drainage water compared to conventional buffers, removing on average 80% of nitrate.
- Nitrous oxide emissions, a greenhouse gas, were higher in saturated buffer soils than conventional buffer soils but remained low overall.
- Saturated buffers are a promising alternative to conventional buffers for removing nitrate from tile drainage in agricultural landscapes and improving water quality.Monitoring the Occurrence of Microbes in a Wellhead Protection Area in an Agr...
The document summarizes research on characterizing microbial risks to municipal groundwater in an agricultural setting. The research aimed to: 1) assess temporal and spatial trends of microbes within a wellhead protection area, 2) assess factors controlling vulnerability of wells to microbial contamination compared to dissolved contaminants, and 3) examine how policy treats microbial risks to better characterize the risks. The research found consistent occurrences of microbes throughout the aquifer system, highest concentrations correlated with meltwater events, and microbes occurred infrequently in municipal wells even under vulnerable conditions.
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Local human perturbations increase lakes vulnerability to climate changes: A ...
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Pilot project targeted to river continuity problems and species of economic a...
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A Quantitative Study of the Productivity of the Foraminifera in the Sea
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Similar to Chironomid community dynamics in Enol Lake (Picos de Europa National Park, Spain)
Pickard, Amy: Greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from seven UK estuaries
Pickard, Amy: Greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from seven UK estuariesIntegrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)
This document summarizes research on greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from seven UK estuaries. Key findings include:
1) Methane concentrations varied significantly between estuaries and along salinity gradients, with sources and sinks described by non-conservative mixing models.
2) Conditions of low river flow and neap tides favor methane release from estuarine sediments and emission to the atmosphere.
3) Microbial oxidation, dilution, and flux to the atmosphere mean there is little export of dissolved methane to coastal waters, though variability in coastal waters is associated with benthic remineralization of organic material.Aspects of the Geomorphology and Limnology of some molluscinhabited freshwate...
This document summarizes a study of the geomorphology and limnology of 25 freshwater bodies in northern Nigeria that are inhabited by molluscs. A total of 14 mollusc species from 9 families were found across the water bodies. Measurements of the water bodies showed variations in elevation, size, substrate, and vegetation. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, and hardness also varied significantly between sites. Linear regression analysis revealed relationships between elevation and other factors. Canonical correspondence analysis established relationships between mollusc distributions and environmental characteristics. The study provides information on the habitats and water quality conditions of mollusc-inhabited freshwaters in northern Nigeria.
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...
1. The document analyzes environmental pollutants in Lake Nyamagoma in Tanzania using multivariate statistical analysis of water samples collected from 8 sites during the wet season.
2. The results show variation in pollutant levels controlled by factors like primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, mixing, and reduction processes, as well as human activities in the area.
3. Four factors were extracted from the analysis: 1) high turbidity and primary productivity, 2) cation exchange processes, 3) variation in pollutants by depth and nutrients from the catchment, and 4) reduction processes and increased salinity.
Interrelationship between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in an urban stormwater ...
Interrelationship between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in an urban stormwater ...Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs
This study investigated ecological processes in an urban stormwater lake during its ice-covered period from November to mid-April. Data from two winter seasons showed chlorophyll-a levels under ice were 22% of open-water levels, indicating primary productivity still occurs. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly higher under ice, likely from road and urban runoff. Under ice, total phosphorus levels correlated positively with chlorophyll-a when nutrient ratios were low, suggesting phosphorus controls algal growth. The results provide evidence of active nutrient cycles in stormwater lakes during winter, contrary to assumptions of dormancy under ice cover.Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between stations.
However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l and 14.8
g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as evaporation and
marine influence by aerosol.
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
Sidi Boughaba Lake, part of a wetland complex of Morocco (Ramsar site in 1980) is located on
the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco, oriented NNE - SSW and located in an interdunal depression. The
existence of this body of water is due to the fact that the topographic surface is at a lower cost than that of the
piezometric surface of the coastal water table, rainwater and runoff water. The objective of this study is to
determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters of this lake. Thus, several water samples were
taken monthly in the period 2016-2017. Parameters such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC),
chloride (Cl-
), turbidity (NTU), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The results obtained show that the
distribution of the analyzed elements in Lake waters is quite variable between seasons, as well as between
stations. However, the analysis showed that the studied waters are very mineralized, with an EC between 7 g/l
and 14.8 g/l. This mineralization is essentially evaporitic and is controlled by various processes, such as
evaporation and marine influence by aerosol.
The role of abiotic factors in diurnal vertical distribution of
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
VERNAL_POOL_POSTER_VETICLE_13Aug2014
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of invasive earthworms on vernal pool water chemistry across a range of earthworm invasion levels. The study mapped and sampled 49 vernal pools across a continuum of earthworm invasion statuses, from minimally to heavily invaded, based on an assessment tool. Preliminary results found that several water chemistry parameters, like pH, chlorophyll-A, and turbidity, differed significantly across invasion levels and indicated higher primary productivity in heavily invaded pools, likely due to the processing of leaf litter and nutrients by invasive earthworm species. These impacts on water chemistry and productivity could greatly alter the aquatic invertebrate communities and quality of habitat for breeding amphibians in vernal pools.
John Harris - 2016 Independent Study Presentation Poster
My Geomorphology Independent Study research poster presented at the Colorado State University Spring 2016 Undergraduate Research Symposium.
DSD-INT 2014 - Symposium 'Water Quality and Ecological modelling' - Large Sca...
This document summarizes a large-scale modeling effort of nutrient dynamics, wetland vegetation, and morphodynamics in the Lower Mississippi Delta and surrounding basins. The goals are to gather field observations to improve understanding of estuarine processes and validate numerical models, develop an ecological and morphodynamic model, and use the model to analyze restoration activities. The modeling approach integrates hydrodynamic, water quality, vegetation, and sediment transport modules. Extensive field data is being collected on bathymetry, vegetation/soils, sediment diversions, and other parameters to develop and validate the integrated model.
C ibanez sem_eco_gener2013
L’OLIGOTROFITZACIÓ CULTURAL DELS RIUS OCCIDENTALS I ELS CANVIS A L’ECOSISTEMA FLUVIAL: EL CAS DE L’EBRE.
Seminari Dept Ecologia - UB per Carles Ibañez (IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita) el 18/01/2013
Effects of Lake-Basin Morphological and Hydrological Characteristics on the E...
This study examined the effects of lake basin morphology and hydrological characteristics on eutrophication in 90 shallow lakes in eastern China. The results showed that mean depth negatively affected total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, with deeper lakes having lower nutrient levels. Chlorophyll-a concentration was influenced by the interaction of mean depth and surface area. Nutrient concentrations were lower in lakes connected to rivers compared to isolated lakes. The study provides insight into managing shallow lake eutrophication based on morphological and hydrological factors.
Trace Metals Concentration in Shallow Well Water in Enugu Metropolis
Abstract: This work assesses the concentration of heavy metals in Enugu Municipal well-water considering the fact that some Enugu inhabitants depend on well-water as their major source of water supply. Water from twenty four (24) different hand dug wells from six locations were investigated for Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The result of the study expressed as the means and standard deviations were compared to WHO and EU standards for drinking water, and it was found that well waters from Iva-Valley and Uwani areas suffer from Cd and Mn pollution. The remaining four locations (Emene, Asata, Abakpa Nike and Achara Layout) were all free from Cd and Mn pollution. Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations were either completely absent or below world threshold limits at all the locations.
Environmental Qualitative assessment of rivers sediments
In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni) in thesediment of Shavoor River in Khuzestan Province in Iran has been investigated. After the library studies and field studies, six samples of water
and sediment were taken from the river in order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in sediments. To determine the
geochemical phases of metals in sediment samples the 5-step method was used for chemical separation. For quantitative assessment of the severity of contamination in the sediments, the geochemical indicators such as enriched factor (EF) and the accumulation index (Igeo) were used. Also, the statistical analyses including methods such as correlation analysis cluster analysis the (CA), were conducted.The results of the experiments showed that the organic matter deposited varies
with the average of 2.49 and ranges between 1.95% and 3.43%. Samples showed concentrations of metals such as calcium, iron, manganese, copper and nickel at all the sampling points were below the global average, whereas the concentration of copper was slightly higher than the global scale. Enriched factor (EF) was calculated for the elements revealed that heavy metals are classified as non-infected. The Geo-accumulation Index showed that the studied elements were uninfected peers. Based on the results of multivariate statistical analysis it was concluded that metals such as manganese, copper, iron, nickel and zinc are mainly natural and calcium metal is likely to have an organic origin.
Nitrogen removal and mass balance in newly formed myriophyllum aquaticum meso...
Nitrogen removal and mass balance in newly-formed Myriophyllum aquaticum mesocosm during a single 28-day incubation with swine wastewater treatment
pollutant levels of the lake water of Tadie
This document summarizes a study that assessed pollutant levels in Lake Tadie in Mampong Ashanti, Ghana. Water samples were collected from 5 points around the lake and analyzed for physicochemical and biological parameters in a laboratory. The results found that temperature, total dissolved solids, and levels of sulfate, nitrate and phosphate were within recommended limits. However, pH levels and concentrations of iron, lead and fecal coliform bacteria exceeded guidelines. The acidic pH is likely due to runoff of fertilizers and waste from surrounding agricultural and residential areas entering the lake. Overall, the lake water quality has been impacted by human activities in the area.
Raoui s.m rjpbcs 9(2), 1100 1110, 2018
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
Raoui s.m rjpbcs 9(2), 1100 1110, 2018
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
Article Raoui, rjpbcs 9(2), 1100 1110, 2018
The document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical characterization of water quality in Dayet Aoua lake in Morocco. Key findings from the study include:
1) The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Temperatures ranged from 7.1°C to 25.6°C depending on the season.
2) pH levels remained alkaline between 7.77 and 11.45. Dissolved oxygen levels indicated the lake is well oxygenated.
3) Nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were low, indicating an absence of organic pollution and classifying the lake as mesotrophic.
Article Raoui S.M., rjpbcs 9(2), 1100 1110, 2018
This document summarizes a study of the physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Dayet Aoua in Morocco between March 2015 and February 2016. Key findings include:
- The lake water is transparent with a maximum depth of 5.3 meters. Dissolved oxygen levels were high, indicating the lake is well-oxygenated throughout.
- Temperature varied seasonally from 7.1°C in winter to 25.6°C in summer. The water remained well-mixed with no temperature variation between surface and bottom.
- pH was alkaline, ranging from 7.77 to 11.45. Conductivity varied from 362 to 520 μs/cm depending on inflow from a tributary river
Similar to Chironomid community dynamics in Enol Lake (Picos de Europa National Park, Spain) (20)
Pickard, Amy: Greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from seven UK estuaries
Pickard, Amy: Greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes from seven UK estuaries
Aspects of the Geomorphology and Limnology of some molluscinhabited freshwate...
Aspects of the Geomorphology and Limnology of some molluscinhabited freshwate...
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...
Interrelationship between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in an urban stormwater ...
Interrelationship between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in an urban stormwater ...
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
Assessment of the Water Quality of Lake Sidi Boughaba (Ramsar Site 1980) Keni...
The role of abiotic factors in diurnal vertical distribution of
The role of abiotic factors in diurnal vertical distribution of
John Harris - 2016 Independent Study Presentation Poster
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DSD-INT 2014 - Symposium 'Water Quality and Ecological modelling' - Large Sca...
DSD-INT 2014 - Symposium 'Water Quality and Ecological modelling' - Large Sca...
Effects of Lake-Basin Morphological and Hydrological Characteristics on the E...
Effects of Lake-Basin Morphological and Hydrological Characteristics on the E...
Trace Metals Concentration in Shallow Well Water in Enugu Metropolis
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Ponent: Francesc Piferrer (ICM - CSIC)
Abstract: La proporció de sexes és un paràmetre fonamental en la demografia de les poblacions. Es presenta el coneixement que actualment es té sobre els mecanismes moleculars que la determinen i com en molts casos hi ha una participació combinada d’elements genètics i factors ambientals. La epigenètica integra la informació genòmica amb la ambiental i és la base de la plasticitat fenotípica Es repassen breument els principals mecanismes epigenètics i diferents mètodes per a avaluar canvis en la metilació del DNA. Seguidament, es presenten exemples de com la epigenètica pot contribuir en la recerca en ecologia i, de passada, en la producció animal. Per acabar, mostrarem alguns exemples de recerca en epigenòmica en poblacions naturals de les Illes Medes, de com petites variacions en les condicions ambientals al principi de la vida tenen conseqüències a llarg termini, i discutirem breument aspectes adaptatius en un context de canvi global.The use of meta-analysis to address ecological questions: an example using li...
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This document describes a meta-analysis of studies examining the effect of metal contamination on litter decomposition in streams. The meta-analysis included 133 comparisons from 38 studies. It found that metal contamination strongly inhibits litter decomposition, with an effect size of -0.813. The inhibition effect has become more precisely estimated over the past 10 years as evidence has accumulated. The magnitude of inhibition differs depending on the type of metal, origin of contamination, pH, and litter properties. Future research should further investigate the role of litter and communities in moderating the response, and examine multiple stressors including nanometals.Ecotoxicity of river sediments: invertebrate community, toxicity bioassays an...
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Determinar la toxicitat dels sediments en els ecosistemes aquàtics és un repte, i és necessari per a una adequada avaluació del risc toxicològic en aquests ecosistemes. En les darreres dècades s’han estudiat i aplicat diferents eines (ex. tests de laboratori amb diferents concentracions, tests amb l’aigua intersticial, estudis de bioacumulació, índexs de toxicitat). Actualment es recomana l'aplicació conjunta d'eines químiques, ecològiques i toxicològiques per a una adequada avaluació. En aquest treball utilitzem l’aproximació de les Toxic Units, tests de toxicitat amb l’aigua intersticial (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata i Daphnia magna) i tests d'exposició amb el sediment (V. fischeri, Chironomus riparius), juntament amb l’estudi de la comunitat d'invertebrats, per detectar respostes a curt i llarg termini en quatre rius de la Península Ibèrica: el Llobregat, l’Ebre, el Xúquer i el Guadalquivir.
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This work has sought to answer how global environmental change affects the concentration of nutrients in Mediterranean rivers. By means of a modeling effort using data collected by water agencies, this work has contributed to the knowledge of the relevant factors that drive nutrient dynamics in Mediterranean rivers, and how these change in time and space. Furthermore, it has clearly shown the potential modeling and time-series analysis offer to river scientists and managers.El salt de la universitat a la industria_ainhoa gaudes
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Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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Chironomid community dynamics in Enol Lake (Picos de Europa National Park, Spain)
- 1. P.Tarrats, M. Rieradevall, N. Prat, M.P. Mata, M. Morellón, J.Vegas, J. Sánchez, B.L.Valero, A. Moreno Geneva 5-10 July 2015
- 2. : Global Change in Mountain Lakes Study and understand the present to explain the past “Paleoecological reconstructions using biological registers need a good knowledge of the actual ecology and autoecology of the species” (Birks and Birks, 2004). “It is important to combine paleoecological data with those obtained from instrumental series and collected from ecological techniques used in the study of actual ecosystems conditions” (Peng et al., 2011)
- 3. CHIRONOMIDAE What? Insecta:Diptera Aquatics and semi-aquatic Larvae inhabit lake’s benthos In paleo: larvae head capsules Why? High taxonomic diversity and abundances The presence of different species reflects different ecological conditions Taxonomy (identification): Preservation (Paleo): Chironomid life cycle and larvae
- 4. To characterize the modern chironomid community of Enol Lake. To evaluate which factors are responsible of changes in community: Abundance Composition We aim to study and understand the actual Chironomidae community in order to improve the interpretation of the chironomid subfossil record
- 5. Enol Lake Location North Spain (Asturias) Picos de Europa National Park Origin Glacial Altitude 1070 m asl Max depth 22 m Surface Area 12.2 ha Location map of Enol Lake
- 6. Lake type Warm monomictic Trophic state Oligotrophic Lake water chemistry Hard water HCO3 - & Ca Alkaline Low nutrient contents NO3 2-, NO2- NH4+ &PO4 3- Enol Lake 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Depth(m) DO (%) May July September November 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 5 10 15 20 25 Depth(m) T (ºC) May July September November No depth patterns Temperature and DO profiles of 4 samplings (May, July, September and November) of 2013 in Enol Lake. Project CLAM-1 (unpublished data)
- 7. 8 fieldwork samplings in 2013 and 2014: May, July, September and November. Depth transect: samples every 2m of depth, 3 replicates Profundal zone: Ekman grab (15cm2) Littoral zone: kick-sampling (1m2) Profile of Enol Lake showing sampling metods and Ekman grab.
- 8. A total of 204 samples were analyzed Samples cleaning and sediment sieving Chironomidae larvae morphotype classification Macroinvertebrate sorting (Family level) Chironomidae larvae mounting and identification -KOH digestion -Mounting in slides -Identification under a microscope (400x)
- 9. A total of 14,248 Chironomidae larvae were identified 26 species, 4 sub-families: Chironominae ▪ Tribe Chironomini: 11 species ▪ TribeTanytarsini: 4 species Orthocladiinae: 7 species Tanypodinae: 3 species Prodiamesinae: 1 specie Rare taxa (<2% in at least 2 samples) were removed in the data analysis 16 species Chironomus plumosus, Einfeldia pagana, Procladius choreus and Paratanytarsus bituberculatus from Enol Lake.
- 11. Are there significant differences between… (ANOSIMTest) •Years p-value=0.57 • Samplings p-value=0.26 •Depths p-value= 0.01 R= 0.6 DCA length of gradients <3 RedundancyAnalysis (RDA) Environmental variables: •Temperature • Dissolved Oxygen • pH • Depth • Chara Species matrix Stability of the community
- 12. Littoral zone Profundal zone Chara zone RDA Axis 1 RDAAxis2 RDA analysis of Enol Lake data. Axis 1 explains the 29.9% of species variance and the 65.1 % of species – environment relation variance. Axis 2 explains the 10.3% of species variance and the 22.6% of species- environment relation variance.
- 13. Chara-related taxa Always high DO values Profundal taxa Always no Chara and low DO Littoral taxa and sub-littoral taxa -Great variability in Chara -High DO values, although less than in Chara-related taxa Chara and Oxygen main drivers
- 14. The community is quite stable: there are not significant differences along the year and between years. Changes in the Chironomidae community composition and abundance are mainly driven by the presence of Chara and changes in the DO content . This results will allow us to improve the interpretation and inference of the paleo record. ▪ Analyse the recent paleo record (1cm of sediment) at every depth to understand the deposition of the chironomid head capsules. ▪ Analyse two sediment cores . ▪ Apply what we are learning from these studies when interpreting the subfossil record.