After 7 years of research, Naturetekk has developed the Shaletekk M process for extracting shale oil in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. The process uses ultrasonic extraction without heating to extract 88.4% of the oil in 1 hour, producing a low-sulfur product comparable to crude oil. It has none of the environmental issues associated with current extraction methods. Naturetekk is now looking for partners to set up pilot projects to prove the technology.
Tight oil, also called light tight oil, refers to oil trapped in low-porosity shale or siltstone formations located deep underground. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are used to extract the tightly locked oil. These formations have very low permeability and porosity and require advanced drilling techniques. North American tight oil production has grown significantly since 2005 using these methods, contributing to reduced oil imports. Future global production from shale is estimated to remain high through 2050 as more regions develop their shale resources.
Extra heavy oil and bitumen impact of technologies on the recovery factor -...gusgon
Â
This document discusses technologies for recovering heavy oil and bitumen. It begins by classifying heavy oil into different categories based on viscosity and mobility. It then discusses various established and emerging technologies for production. Established technologies like mining, cold production, and huff-n-puff have limitations in recovery rates. Emerging technologies like in-situ combustion and solvent injection require further field testing. Steam injection and SAGD are proven technologies but have challenges in upgrading products, reducing steam costs, and lowering CO2 emissions. Overall the document analyzes technologies that could unlock the huge untapped heavy oil resources in places like Orinoco and Athabasca.
Presentation of TCTM and its truly revolutionary technlology: ETCT: Environment-friendly Thermochemical Treatment
The most modern, cost-effective, fully-automated and environment-friendly method of stimulation of crude oil, bitumen and shale oil extraction known in the world.
BioBlend is a full-service environmental consulting company that provides services related to environmental assessment, remediation of petroleum, PCB, and chlorinated solvent contamination, ecological services, compliance monitoring, and more. It has experience using proprietary treatment technologies like activated metal treatment systems and emulsified zero valent iron to remediate contamination from sites in situ. BioBlend's staff includes professionals with expertise in engineering, geology, and environmental science.
This document provides an overview of oil shale resources in Egypt, including the geology, depositional environment, and geochemical analysis of oil shale samples. Specifically:
- The oil shale is found in the Duwi and Dakhla formations in the Quseir-Safaga region along the Red Sea coast of Egypt, dating back to the late Campanian to Maastrichtian period.
- Geochemical analysis of samples from the Duwi and Dakhla formations show high levels of elements like calcium, phosphorus, nickel, uranium, and chromium compared to standard values.
- The oil shale was deposited in varied shallow marine and coastal environments like saline ponds and lakes over geological time.
Solar EOR: Myth and Reality in Solar Enhanced Oil RecoverySteven Geiger
Â
Learn all about solar enhanced oil recovery (solar EOR) and how to achieve the lowest possible steam and thermal EOR costs using Solarlite. Debunks the major myths about solar energy, EOR, solar steam, CSP and solar process heat. Avoid carbon taxes and dramatically reduce your carbon footprint. Also avoid locking your company into uncompetitive long-term EOR costs with inefficient technology.
Steven Geiger #Solarlite #solar #solarEOR #EOR #enhancedoilrecovery #PDO_OM #KocOfficial #Saudi_Aramco #Aramco #Chevron #AeraEnergy #CaliforniaResources #AirResources #LCFS #PEMEX #ONGC_ solar EOR pdf
These slides were presented for the webinar CO2 EOR and the transition to carbon storage which was presented by Dr Ernie Perkins, a geologist based in Alberta, Canada, with over 20 years experience in carbon dioxide sequestration and acid gas/EOR.
Ernie currently works for both the Global CCS Institute and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures and presented an informative and educational dive into the realities and science of EOR.
The webinar can be viewed by visiting the Global CCS Institute website (http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/events/2011/08/17/co2-eor-and-transition-carbon-storage).
Larry Shultz presents TexasEOR.com Exhaust Gas Injection CO2 Enhanced Oil Rec...Larry Shultz
Â
Why spend >$50-$60 to produce a barrel of shale/tight oil, when new portable exhaust gas injection EOR equipment has the potential to recover oil for less than $15-$25 per barrel?
Fielding the oil industryâs next-generation fleet of fully-automated, portable exhaust gas injection N2+CO2 EOR skids to bring low-cost, variable-pressure gas injection EOR capabilities on-site to EOR-worthy mature and legacy oil fields that are too far away from and cannot be economically served by CO2 pipelines.
Tight oil, also called light tight oil, refers to oil trapped in low-porosity shale or siltstone formations located deep underground. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are used to extract the tightly locked oil. These formations have very low permeability and porosity and require advanced drilling techniques. North American tight oil production has grown significantly since 2005 using these methods, contributing to reduced oil imports. Future global production from shale is estimated to remain high through 2050 as more regions develop their shale resources.
Extra heavy oil and bitumen impact of technologies on the recovery factor -...gusgon
Â
This document discusses technologies for recovering heavy oil and bitumen. It begins by classifying heavy oil into different categories based on viscosity and mobility. It then discusses various established and emerging technologies for production. Established technologies like mining, cold production, and huff-n-puff have limitations in recovery rates. Emerging technologies like in-situ combustion and solvent injection require further field testing. Steam injection and SAGD are proven technologies but have challenges in upgrading products, reducing steam costs, and lowering CO2 emissions. Overall the document analyzes technologies that could unlock the huge untapped heavy oil resources in places like Orinoco and Athabasca.
Presentation of TCTM and its truly revolutionary technlology: ETCT: Environment-friendly Thermochemical Treatment
The most modern, cost-effective, fully-automated and environment-friendly method of stimulation of crude oil, bitumen and shale oil extraction known in the world.
BioBlend is a full-service environmental consulting company that provides services related to environmental assessment, remediation of petroleum, PCB, and chlorinated solvent contamination, ecological services, compliance monitoring, and more. It has experience using proprietary treatment technologies like activated metal treatment systems and emulsified zero valent iron to remediate contamination from sites in situ. BioBlend's staff includes professionals with expertise in engineering, geology, and environmental science.
This document provides an overview of oil shale resources in Egypt, including the geology, depositional environment, and geochemical analysis of oil shale samples. Specifically:
- The oil shale is found in the Duwi and Dakhla formations in the Quseir-Safaga region along the Red Sea coast of Egypt, dating back to the late Campanian to Maastrichtian period.
- Geochemical analysis of samples from the Duwi and Dakhla formations show high levels of elements like calcium, phosphorus, nickel, uranium, and chromium compared to standard values.
- The oil shale was deposited in varied shallow marine and coastal environments like saline ponds and lakes over geological time.
Solar EOR: Myth and Reality in Solar Enhanced Oil RecoverySteven Geiger
Â
Learn all about solar enhanced oil recovery (solar EOR) and how to achieve the lowest possible steam and thermal EOR costs using Solarlite. Debunks the major myths about solar energy, EOR, solar steam, CSP and solar process heat. Avoid carbon taxes and dramatically reduce your carbon footprint. Also avoid locking your company into uncompetitive long-term EOR costs with inefficient technology.
Steven Geiger #Solarlite #solar #solarEOR #EOR #enhancedoilrecovery #PDO_OM #KocOfficial #Saudi_Aramco #Aramco #Chevron #AeraEnergy #CaliforniaResources #AirResources #LCFS #PEMEX #ONGC_ solar EOR pdf
These slides were presented for the webinar CO2 EOR and the transition to carbon storage which was presented by Dr Ernie Perkins, a geologist based in Alberta, Canada, with over 20 years experience in carbon dioxide sequestration and acid gas/EOR.
Ernie currently works for both the Global CCS Institute and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures and presented an informative and educational dive into the realities and science of EOR.
The webinar can be viewed by visiting the Global CCS Institute website (http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/events/2011/08/17/co2-eor-and-transition-carbon-storage).
Larry Shultz presents TexasEOR.com Exhaust Gas Injection CO2 Enhanced Oil Rec...Larry Shultz
Â
Why spend >$50-$60 to produce a barrel of shale/tight oil, when new portable exhaust gas injection EOR equipment has the potential to recover oil for less than $15-$25 per barrel?
Fielding the oil industryâs next-generation fleet of fully-automated, portable exhaust gas injection N2+CO2 EOR skids to bring low-cost, variable-pressure gas injection EOR capabilities on-site to EOR-worthy mature and legacy oil fields that are too far away from and cannot be economically served by CO2 pipelines.
The document discusses challenges with using tracer technology to study heavy oil reservoirs. It provides an overview of tracer types including passive tracers that follow fluid phases and active tracers that interact with the system. Challenges are presented for tracer use in heavy oil recovery methods like CSS, THAI, SAGD and VAPEX. New tracer types are needed that can withstand high temperatures and be stable against biodegradation.
This document provides an overview of oil refinery processes. It discusses the key physical, thermal, and catalytic processes used to separate crude oil into fractions and convert heavy residues. These include distillation, catalytic cracking, reforming, and treating processes. Distillation is the primary physical separation process, using fractional distillation and vacuum distillation to separate crude oil into different cuts based on boiling point. Further processing is then needed to convert fractions and meet market demands.
Heavy feedstocks present difficult operational challenges for refiners that can add to safety risks and reduce profitability. Processing heavy crudes safely and profitably can require development of new equipment or major changes in operating conditions.
Innovative new methods, which model heavier feedstock processing more accurately, enable refiners to adapt their processes more easily.
Register now to learn more about this important new technology.
Who should attend: Plant Managers, Process Engineers, Engineering Managers, Operations Managers, Process Design Engineers
View OnDemand at: www.real-time-answers.com/refinery
This document discusses unconventional reservoirs and shale gas. It begins with defining unconventional resources as hydrocarbon reservoirs with low permeability and porosity that are difficult to produce. Shale gas is then introduced as natural gas trapped in shale formations. The document outlines a roadmap for identifying and developing shale plays, including geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geomechanical approaches. Key factors like total organic carbon content, thermal maturity, and brittleness are examined. The concept of a "sweet spot" is introduced as the most prospective volumes within a shale play, characterized by properties like thickness and permeability. The document concludes with thanking the audience.
This document discusses applications of nanomaterials in conventional energy sectors such as oil and gas exploration and extraction, drilling, refining, power generation, and electric vehicles. It describes how nanosensors can be used to image tight formations for oil and gas exploration. It also discusses how nanoparticles added to drilling fluids can plug pores to minimize water loss and remove hydrogen sulfide. Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are also discussed as improving properties of materials used in refining, power generation equipment, and electric motor windings to increase efficiency.
Natural zeolite engineering a viable investment 23rd ind min congressDaniel Eyde
Â
In 1986, I presented a paper at the 7th Industrial Minerals Congress in Monaco titled âNatural Zeolites â Whatâs the Scoreâ. Now, 30 years later at IM 23 in Prague, we can discover how right, or wrong, I was in my assessments and predictions. I can honestly claim to be a genuine greybeard of the natural zeolite industry. I was there in 1960 when my dad discovered one of the most productive and important zeolite deposits in the world, the Bowie Chabazite deposit in Arizona. As a college student, I was at Zeolite â76 which was the gathering of what is now ICNA, as the producers and researchers in natural zeolites had their first conference in Tucson, Arizona, USA. My father and I were managing the Bowie deposit for Union Carbide (now UOP Honeywell) when they produced a chabazite media for the clean-up of Three Mile Island and I was CTO at St Cloud when we worked with Kurion (now Veolia), providing all the initial media and most of the following media for the treatment of the cesium-contaminated waters at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan. It has been and continues to be an interesting 55 plus years of being around the natural zeolite industry. The Industrial Minerals staff has asked me to comment on the following topics
¡ Will research into the applications lead to profits?
¡ What are their benefits compared to synthetic zeolites?
¡ Which markets are already opening to the engineering of these minerals?
Modular Gold Plant - Presentation by Resources Gold Technologystuartturner
Â
The document describes a modular gold processing plant called the Modular Gold Plant (MGP) that is designed to be environmentally friendly and have a small footprint. The MGP uses a physical recovery process with gravity and flotation circuits to recover gold from ore with high recovery rates. It has a modular design that allows it to be easily transported and installed on site. Each module contains specific processing functionality and together the modules form a complete portable gold processing plant.
Reservoir development plans require dynamic strategies to optimize production. Recovery methods can be initiated at any stage to improve efficiency. It is common for development plans to change over time due to new understanding, performance, constraints, economics or technologies. Screening studies for improved or enhanced oil recovery methods should consider technical feasibility as well as availability of resources and include decision analysis to define robust project options early. Preliminary performance predictions using simple models can help evaluate recovery process potential in a reservoir.
This document discusses tight reservoirs, which are reservoirs with very low permeability (less than 0.1 mD) and porosity (less than 10%). It defines tight gas reservoirs, tight oil reservoirs, and the characteristic properties of tight reservoirs, such as low porosity and permeability. It also discusses the importance of logging, factors to consider for tight reservoirs like geologic and reservoir properties, and techniques used to produce from tight reservoirs, including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Tight reservoirs account for a large portion of remaining oil and gas reserves and require advanced drilling and completion techniques to produce economically.
The document discusses water shut-off methods for depleted oil and gas wells using polymer injection techniques. It provides details on the impacts of water production on wells, including more complex separation and rapid corrosion. Main causes of water production are discussed, along with well-known shut-off techniques like polymer and gel injection. The benefits of the company's proprietary water shut-off technology using polymer composites are summarized, including increased oil recovery rates up to 80-140% compared to standard extraction methods. Application experience is provided on wells up to 6,000m deep and 190°C, decreasing water cuts by 75-95%.
Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
EOR choices for light Tight Oil
Potential damage to reservoir and well bore.
Water Specifications & Treatment
Case Studies:
1. Advanced Water Flooding
2. Frac injectors?
3. Low Salinity Water Flooding
Topics Include:
Filtration
Water Quality
Reservoir Pressure
Electro-treatment is a new enhanced oil recovery method that uses electrical pulses to open new pathways for oil to flow out of aging wells. It requires portable, low-cost equipment and little energy. Initial treatments show increased oil production of 10-30% over the next 2-5 years, compared to other expensive EOR methods. The technology was developed in Russia and has been successfully tested on hundreds of wells in Russia and other countries. It works by using micro-explosions caused by the electrical pulses to break up tight spaces in the reservoir and allow more oil to flow through.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
Â
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
This document discusses refinery processes for upgrading heavy oils into clean transportation fuels. As petroleum supplies become heavier and more sour, refineries need improved processes like hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to remove sulfur. The document outlines several HDS approaches, including conventional HDS using sulfided CoMo/Al2O3 and NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. It also discusses new generation HDS catalysts needed to meet stringent low-sulfur fuel standards. Modifying catalyst supports and developing advanced structured catalysts may improve HDS efficiency to allow deep desulfurization of refinery streams.
This document provides a summary of innovative stimulation technologies for shale gas recovery. It discusses various fracturing methods including hydraulic, pneumatic, dynamic loading, and other methods. Specific technologies are described in more detail, including liquid carbon dioxide fracturing, LPG fracturing, energized fluids, HiWAY flow channel fracturing, various perforating technologies like FracGun, StimGun, GasGun, and a proposed Multistage Perforator. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are presented. The goal is to review these technologies to inspire discussion between industry and academia around developing environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for Polish shales.
Produced water overview ppt, Oct 2011, M RashidMahbubur Rashid
Â
This document discusses produced water handling and treatment technologies. Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production that contains dispersed oil, solids, production chemicals and heavy metals. It requires treatment before disposal or reuse. The document outlines various separation and treatment technologies used, including settling, flotation, filtration and advanced processes. It provides guidelines for selecting technologies based on water characteristics and disposal criteria. Future developments discussed include downhole separation and subsea treatment to reduce volumes brought to the surface.
Presentazione in lingua inglese di un tema a scelta.
Titolo: "Enhanced Oil Recovery:
Engineering ideas for getting the most out of proven oil reserves"
Nella presentazioni sono state trattate tutte le tecniche attualmente in uso nell'industria petrolifera per aumentare la produzione di petrolio
Valudor DAF, dissolved air flotation, and SHURE technology combine with proce...William Toomey
Â
FLUID PROCESS OPTIMIZATION with Fine Solids Removal through SHURE Advanced Cavitation Management Technology
and Valudor Process Performance Chemicals Process Water Reuse
This document discusses the need for organizations to future proof their content by moving away from the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) model and embracing structured content that can be published across different devices and interfaces. It notes the rise of mobile internet usage and importance of designing content that works well on phones and tablets in addition to desktops. The document advocates for using structured metadata to describe content and relationships so it can be reused and displayed in different contexts. It provides examples of how organizations like NPR and OPB structure their content to publish everywhere.
The document discusses the importance of discovery in technology projects. It outlines the key steps in discovery, including defining organizational goals and target audiences, conducting user research and creating personas, identifying features and functionality through prototyping, and writing requirements. Discovery helps ensure the project aligns with goals and user needs through learning about audiences and gathering input. The discovery process results in clear requirements and plans to guide project development.
The document discusses challenges with using tracer technology to study heavy oil reservoirs. It provides an overview of tracer types including passive tracers that follow fluid phases and active tracers that interact with the system. Challenges are presented for tracer use in heavy oil recovery methods like CSS, THAI, SAGD and VAPEX. New tracer types are needed that can withstand high temperatures and be stable against biodegradation.
This document provides an overview of oil refinery processes. It discusses the key physical, thermal, and catalytic processes used to separate crude oil into fractions and convert heavy residues. These include distillation, catalytic cracking, reforming, and treating processes. Distillation is the primary physical separation process, using fractional distillation and vacuum distillation to separate crude oil into different cuts based on boiling point. Further processing is then needed to convert fractions and meet market demands.
Heavy feedstocks present difficult operational challenges for refiners that can add to safety risks and reduce profitability. Processing heavy crudes safely and profitably can require development of new equipment or major changes in operating conditions.
Innovative new methods, which model heavier feedstock processing more accurately, enable refiners to adapt their processes more easily.
Register now to learn more about this important new technology.
Who should attend: Plant Managers, Process Engineers, Engineering Managers, Operations Managers, Process Design Engineers
View OnDemand at: www.real-time-answers.com/refinery
This document discusses unconventional reservoirs and shale gas. It begins with defining unconventional resources as hydrocarbon reservoirs with low permeability and porosity that are difficult to produce. Shale gas is then introduced as natural gas trapped in shale formations. The document outlines a roadmap for identifying and developing shale plays, including geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geomechanical approaches. Key factors like total organic carbon content, thermal maturity, and brittleness are examined. The concept of a "sweet spot" is introduced as the most prospective volumes within a shale play, characterized by properties like thickness and permeability. The document concludes with thanking the audience.
This document discusses applications of nanomaterials in conventional energy sectors such as oil and gas exploration and extraction, drilling, refining, power generation, and electric vehicles. It describes how nanosensors can be used to image tight formations for oil and gas exploration. It also discusses how nanoparticles added to drilling fluids can plug pores to minimize water loss and remove hydrogen sulfide. Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are also discussed as improving properties of materials used in refining, power generation equipment, and electric motor windings to increase efficiency.
Natural zeolite engineering a viable investment 23rd ind min congressDaniel Eyde
Â
In 1986, I presented a paper at the 7th Industrial Minerals Congress in Monaco titled âNatural Zeolites â Whatâs the Scoreâ. Now, 30 years later at IM 23 in Prague, we can discover how right, or wrong, I was in my assessments and predictions. I can honestly claim to be a genuine greybeard of the natural zeolite industry. I was there in 1960 when my dad discovered one of the most productive and important zeolite deposits in the world, the Bowie Chabazite deposit in Arizona. As a college student, I was at Zeolite â76 which was the gathering of what is now ICNA, as the producers and researchers in natural zeolites had their first conference in Tucson, Arizona, USA. My father and I were managing the Bowie deposit for Union Carbide (now UOP Honeywell) when they produced a chabazite media for the clean-up of Three Mile Island and I was CTO at St Cloud when we worked with Kurion (now Veolia), providing all the initial media and most of the following media for the treatment of the cesium-contaminated waters at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan. It has been and continues to be an interesting 55 plus years of being around the natural zeolite industry. The Industrial Minerals staff has asked me to comment on the following topics
¡ Will research into the applications lead to profits?
¡ What are their benefits compared to synthetic zeolites?
¡ Which markets are already opening to the engineering of these minerals?
Modular Gold Plant - Presentation by Resources Gold Technologystuartturner
Â
The document describes a modular gold processing plant called the Modular Gold Plant (MGP) that is designed to be environmentally friendly and have a small footprint. The MGP uses a physical recovery process with gravity and flotation circuits to recover gold from ore with high recovery rates. It has a modular design that allows it to be easily transported and installed on site. Each module contains specific processing functionality and together the modules form a complete portable gold processing plant.
Reservoir development plans require dynamic strategies to optimize production. Recovery methods can be initiated at any stage to improve efficiency. It is common for development plans to change over time due to new understanding, performance, constraints, economics or technologies. Screening studies for improved or enhanced oil recovery methods should consider technical feasibility as well as availability of resources and include decision analysis to define robust project options early. Preliminary performance predictions using simple models can help evaluate recovery process potential in a reservoir.
This document discusses tight reservoirs, which are reservoirs with very low permeability (less than 0.1 mD) and porosity (less than 10%). It defines tight gas reservoirs, tight oil reservoirs, and the characteristic properties of tight reservoirs, such as low porosity and permeability. It also discusses the importance of logging, factors to consider for tight reservoirs like geologic and reservoir properties, and techniques used to produce from tight reservoirs, including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Tight reservoirs account for a large portion of remaining oil and gas reserves and require advanced drilling and completion techniques to produce economically.
The document discusses water shut-off methods for depleted oil and gas wells using polymer injection techniques. It provides details on the impacts of water production on wells, including more complex separation and rapid corrosion. Main causes of water production are discussed, along with well-known shut-off techniques like polymer and gel injection. The benefits of the company's proprietary water shut-off technology using polymer composites are summarized, including increased oil recovery rates up to 80-140% compared to standard extraction methods. Application experience is provided on wells up to 6,000m deep and 190°C, decreasing water cuts by 75-95%.
Water Injection & Treatment for Tight Oil EOR
EOR choices for light Tight Oil
Potential damage to reservoir and well bore.
Water Specifications & Treatment
Case Studies:
1. Advanced Water Flooding
2. Frac injectors?
3. Low Salinity Water Flooding
Topics Include:
Filtration
Water Quality
Reservoir Pressure
Electro-treatment is a new enhanced oil recovery method that uses electrical pulses to open new pathways for oil to flow out of aging wells. It requires portable, low-cost equipment and little energy. Initial treatments show increased oil production of 10-30% over the next 2-5 years, compared to other expensive EOR methods. The technology was developed in Russia and has been successfully tested on hundreds of wells in Russia and other countries. It works by using micro-explosions caused by the electrical pulses to break up tight spaces in the reservoir and allow more oil to flow through.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
Â
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
This document discusses refinery processes for upgrading heavy oils into clean transportation fuels. As petroleum supplies become heavier and more sour, refineries need improved processes like hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to remove sulfur. The document outlines several HDS approaches, including conventional HDS using sulfided CoMo/Al2O3 and NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. It also discusses new generation HDS catalysts needed to meet stringent low-sulfur fuel standards. Modifying catalyst supports and developing advanced structured catalysts may improve HDS efficiency to allow deep desulfurization of refinery streams.
This document provides a summary of innovative stimulation technologies for shale gas recovery. It discusses various fracturing methods including hydraulic, pneumatic, dynamic loading, and other methods. Specific technologies are described in more detail, including liquid carbon dioxide fracturing, LPG fracturing, energized fluids, HiWAY flow channel fracturing, various perforating technologies like FracGun, StimGun, GasGun, and a proposed Multistage Perforator. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are presented. The goal is to review these technologies to inspire discussion between industry and academia around developing environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for Polish shales.
Produced water overview ppt, Oct 2011, M RashidMahbubur Rashid
Â
This document discusses produced water handling and treatment technologies. Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production that contains dispersed oil, solids, production chemicals and heavy metals. It requires treatment before disposal or reuse. The document outlines various separation and treatment technologies used, including settling, flotation, filtration and advanced processes. It provides guidelines for selecting technologies based on water characteristics and disposal criteria. Future developments discussed include downhole separation and subsea treatment to reduce volumes brought to the surface.
Presentazione in lingua inglese di un tema a scelta.
Titolo: "Enhanced Oil Recovery:
Engineering ideas for getting the most out of proven oil reserves"
Nella presentazioni sono state trattate tutte le tecniche attualmente in uso nell'industria petrolifera per aumentare la produzione di petrolio
Valudor DAF, dissolved air flotation, and SHURE technology combine with proce...William Toomey
Â
FLUID PROCESS OPTIMIZATION with Fine Solids Removal through SHURE Advanced Cavitation Management Technology
and Valudor Process Performance Chemicals Process Water Reuse
This document discusses the need for organizations to future proof their content by moving away from the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) model and embracing structured content that can be published across different devices and interfaces. It notes the rise of mobile internet usage and importance of designing content that works well on phones and tablets in addition to desktops. The document advocates for using structured metadata to describe content and relationships so it can be reused and displayed in different contexts. It provides examples of how organizations like NPR and OPB structure their content to publish everywhere.
The document discusses the importance of discovery in technology projects. It outlines the key steps in discovery, including defining organizational goals and target audiences, conducting user research and creating personas, identifying features and functionality through prototyping, and writing requirements. Discovery helps ensure the project aligns with goals and user needs through learning about audiences and gathering input. The discovery process results in clear requirements and plans to guide project development.
What is fracking? What is retorting? How can it be done? Why should India go for extracting the shales?
This is a brief introduction to all the answers you might be wanting regarding shale gas and shale oil......
After all this is a research in progress in which India has a huge potential!
Tar sands and oil shale are unconventional sources of petroleum that require more energy-intensive extraction and processing than conventional crude oil. Tar sands, also known as oil sands, consist of bitumen mixed with sand, clay, and water found predominantly in Alberta, Canada. Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be converted to synthetic oil via pyrolysis. While Canada and the United States have large reserves of tar sands and oil shale that could help meet energy demand, extraction causes significant environmental impacts through land disturbance, water and air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Oil Shale Ex-Situ Process - Leaching Study of Spent Shaleinventionjournals
Â
During the past decade, significant advancement has been made on various extraction technologies to develop U.S. oil shale resources in an environmentally and economically sustainable fashion. This work has been driven by the increasing demand for domestic transportation fuels and the need to improve U.S. energy security. Although conventional hydrocarbon deposits are becoming more difficult to find and limited in volume, unconventional reserves are relatively easy to locate and plentiful. Hence, development of unconventional resources, particularly shale gas, oil sands, and shale oil continues to receive tremendous attention. The present work shows ex-situ process of oil shale in a five ton/day externally heated horizontal rotary reactor, and discuss the process parameters and yield. The main focus of this article is: A) Effect of reactor bed temperature, rotation speed and feed rate on the residence time, fuel consumption and process yield B) Hazardous environmental issue related to leaching of heavy metals and metalloids from spent shale by underground and/or surface water, which prevent further commercialization of this process. In addition, an Aspen diagram of the overall oil shale process is presented as ongoing work focusing on key mechanical issues that affect online reliability and process efficiency including particle size, bed temperature and solid/gas mixing efficiency.
CHE231 Energy resources fuels, coal and oils.Rashmi943648
Â
1) The document discusses various processes involved in petroleum refining including fractional distillation, vacuum distillation, hydrodesulfurization, catalytic reforming, and octane ratings.
2) Key steps in fractional distillation include separating crude oil into light, medium, and heavy distillate fractions based on boiling points. Vacuum distillation is used to further separate heavy distillate fractions.
3) Other processes mentioned aim to remove impurities and increase octane ratings of fuels. Hydrodesulfurization removes sulfur, and catalytic reforming converts low octane hydrocarbons into higher octane aromatic compounds and isoparaffins.
Shale is a sedimentary rock that contains kerogen, an organic material that can be converted to oil through heating. Shale oil extraction involves mining the shale, crushing it, and heating it in retorting processes to produce oil and gas. This is a complex and expensive process that also causes significant environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. New in situ processes that heat the shale underground are being studied as more sustainable alternatives to traditional surface mining and above-ground retorting.
The document discusses petroleum refining processes. It begins with an overview of refining which involves separating petroleum into fractions and treating them to produce marketable products. It then discusses four major forces that have influenced the development of refining processes: demand for products, feedstock supply, environmental regulations, and new technology. Next, it provides historical context starting with early refining focused on kerosene production. It then outlines the main categories of modern refining processes: separation, conversion, and finishing. The document dives deeper into specific separation processes like dewatering/desalting, distillation, and vacuum distillation.
Unconventional petroleum refers to oil and gas deposits that require advanced extraction technologies and greater investment compared to conventional methods. It includes sources like oil sands, oil shales, coal-based liquids, and gas from shale formations and coal beds that has not migrated from its source rock. While more difficult to extract, unconventional sources are increasingly important as conventional reserves dwindle and new technologies make extraction economically viable.
Tar sands, also known as bituminous or oil sands, contain a dense and viscous form of petroleum called bitumen within certain sedimentary beds. The first commercial plant to extract oil from tar sands opened in 1978 in Alberta, Canada, producing one barrel of oil from two barrels of tar sand feedstock through a hot water separation process. Extraction of oil from tar sands poses potential environmental risks such as contaminating land, water, and air if not properly managed.
The document summarizes Richard Ademola Ogundele's seminar presentation on unconventional reservoirs. It defines unconventional reservoirs as those requiring special recovery operations outside conventional practices. Examples provided include tight gas sands with low permeability, coal-bed methane stored in coal seams, and shale oil extracted from oil shale rock. The case study describes coal-bed methane development in the San Juan Basin of Colorado, where methane is stored adsorbed onto coal surfaces and released by removing water from coal seams. Enhanced recovery methods like injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen can increase methane production rates and reserves in coal-bed reservoirs. Recent trends show unconventionals like tight gas, shale gas, and coal-bed methane becoming
This document is an undergraduate graduation project on unconventional oil shale and shale gas. It contains an introduction that defines oil shale as a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing organic matter that yields oil and gas upon heating. It was deposited in various environments like lakes and swamps. The document consists of 8 chapters that discuss topics like the origin and composition of oil shale, exploration techniques, extraction methods, global resources and production, and an introduction to shale gas. It aims to provide an overview of unconventional oil and gas resources to undergraduate students.
Oil shale is a sedimentary rock that contains kerogen, which can be heated to produce oil and gas. Mongolia has significant oil shale resources that could provide economic and energy security benefits. Developing oil shale involves technical, economic, environmental and political challenges. In-situ heating methods avoid surface impacts and produce high quality oil. Pilot projects in Mongolia have shown promising results for the quality and quantity of oil produced from local oil shales using in-situ methods. A pre-feasibility study estimated a commercial facility could produce 6,700 tons of oil products per day, creating thousands of jobs and increasing government revenues.
Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be heated to produce oil and gas. It represents a large unconventional resource in Mongolia. There are two main extraction methods - surface retorting and in-situ heating underground. A pre-feasibility study found a commercial facility in Mongolia could produce 6,700 tons of oil products per day, creating thousands of jobs and increasing government revenues, but challenges include costs, regulations, and environmental and social impacts. Responsible development of Mongolia's oil shale could improve energy security and economic growth.
The document summarizes information about oil shale and its production. It discusses that oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen that can be extracted to produce oil. There are two main types of production processes - surface processing and in-situ processing. Surface processing involves mining the shale, crushing it, heating it to extract oil, and disposing of the remaining shale. In-situ processing involves heating the shale directly in the ground to produce oil, which is then collected without removing the shale. The document provides details on Estonia's oil shale industry and discusses advantages and disadvantages of producing oil from shale.
The document discusses various unconventional hydrocarbon resources including heavy oil and tar sands, oil shale, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, and shale gas. It provides details on their geology, extraction methods, challenges, and key properties affecting production. Thermal methods like steam injection and electrical heating are used to extract heavy oil and tar sands. In situ conversion process and hydraulic fracturing improve extraction of oil shale and shale gas respectively.
Zeolites are primarily mined through conventional open-pit mining techniques in California, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, and Texas, with New Mexico being the leading producer. The overburden is removed and ore is extracted through blasting, stripping, or front-end loaders before being crushed, dried, and milled for processing. Zeolites are commonly used for softening hard water by exchanging sodium ions for calcium and magnesium ions, and can be regenerated through treatment with sodium chloride. Their main industrial uses include petroleum refining as catalysts, synfuels production from syngas derived from fossil fuels, and petrochemical production of organic chemicals.
Marco Sully Perez said Oil and gas workers face unique health and safety challenges and are recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector under the National Workplace Research Initiative (NORA) to identify and develop intervention strategies in the labor sector Protect. health and safety issues. In 2011, the oil and gas and ancillary industries employed more than 450,000 people (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages). Therefore, oil well drilling and field maintenance are two different types of business activities in the oil and gas industry.
This document provides an overview of upgrading bitumen extracted from oil sands. It discusses that bitumen has high viscosity and sulfur content making it difficult for refineries to process. Upgrading processes are used to reduce viscosity and sulfur levels through various thermal cracking and hydrogen addition processes. The document outlines common minimum and full upgrading approaches, key bitumen properties, and details several specific upgrading technologies like coking, hydroconversion, and hydrocracking.
Unconventional petroleum refers to oil and gas deposits that require more advanced extraction technologies than conventional wells. These include oil shales, oil sands, coal-based liquids, gas from oil shales and coal beds that has not migrated from its source rock. While more costly initially, unconventional sources can be more profitable than conventional reserves over the long term due to their long depletion lifetimes. As conventional reserves dwindle, oil industries and governments are increasingly investing in unconventional sources.
The document summarizes hydrocracking, which converts higher boiling petroleum fractions to gasoline and jet fuels using a catalyst. Key points include:
- Hydrocracking involves hydrogenation and cracking reactions over a dual functional catalyst.
- It allows refineries to meet demand for gasoline and jet fuel by processing heavier feedstocks like coker distillates.
- The process involves hydrotreating to remove contaminants, followed by one or two hydrocracking reactors operating at high temperatures and pressures.
There are 3 main ways to categorize fossil fuel quantities: resources, probable reserves, and proved reserves. Estimates of coal reserves are more accurate than oil and gas reserves, which have uncertainties from over and underreporting. Conventional fossil fuels amount to around 4000 TW while unconventional sources could provide an additional 2000-25,000 TW. Unconventional sources like oil sands and shale require new extraction methods. Fossil fuels provide the majority of current energy but also have significant environmental and health impacts from pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
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Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
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This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. đ This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. đť
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. đĽď¸
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. đ
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
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I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
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GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Ivantiâs Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There weâll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
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Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
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DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of whatâs possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; itâs a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
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https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether youâre at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. Weâll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
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Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where weâll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, weâll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sourcesâfrom PDF floorplans to web pagesâusing FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether itâs populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
Weâll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
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When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
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Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
2. 1
Shaletekk M
After 7 years of research and development we can finally present a viable and credible process/system
which will allow cost-effective cold and environmentally friendly extraction of shale oil from the substrate,
At Naturetekk we are dedicated to the promotion and commercialisation of this process;
Shaletekk M. Acknowledgement and thanks to the Jordanian Government bodies and companies:
The Higher Council
for Science and Technology
Yarmouk University The Natural
Resources Authority
Jordan Petroleum
Refinery Company
Jordan University of
Science and Technology
Extracting oil from oil shale is more complex than
conventional oil recovery.
Hydrocarbons in oil shale are present in the form of
solid, bituminous materials and hence cannot be
pumped directly out of the geologic reservoir. The rock
must be heated to a high temperature, and the resultant
liquid must be separated and collected. The heating
process is called retorting.
Surface mining can recover much higher percentages of
in-place resources. The thickness of oil shale deposits,
the amount of overburden and the presence of
subsurface water can make surface mining difficult.
Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for
unconventional oil production. This process converts
kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis,
hydrogenation or thermal dissolution. The resultant shale
oil is used as fuel oil or upgraded to meet refinery
feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and
removing sulphur and nitrogen impurities.
As of 2010 shale oil extraction is in operation within
Estonia, Brazil, and China. In 2008 their industries
produced about 930,000 metric tonnes (17,700 barrels
per day) of shale oil. Australia, USA and Canada have
tested shale oil extraction techniques via demonstration
projects and are planning commercial implementation:
Morocco and Jordan have announced their intent to do
the same. Only four processes are in commercial use:
Kiviter, Galoter, Fushun and Petrosix.
Conventional Processes
Americaâs oil shale reserves will potentially produce
at least 1.5 trillion barrels of oil â approximately five
times the reserves of Saudi Arabia. Nobody is
producing commercial quantities of oil from these
vast deposits.
Obviously, there are some very real obstacles to oil
production from shale. âOil shale is the fuel of the
future, and always will be,â is a popular saying in
Western Colorado.
3. 2
Shaletekk M
Oil Shale Deposit
Refining
Liquid Fuels By-products
Fracturing
Retorting
Product Recovery
Mining
In-situ Ex-situ (Conventional)
Spent Shale
Crushing
Retorting
Thermal & Chemical
Treating Hydrogenation }
Conventional Processes
Oil Shale Technology Prospects
Processes for producing shale oil generally fall into one of
two groups: mining followed by surface retorting and in-situ
retorting.
Mining and Surface Retorting
Underground mining using the room-and-pillar method or
surface mining. The current state of the art in mining â both
room-and-pillar and surface techniques, such as open pit
mining â appears to be able to meet the requirements for
the commercial development of oil shale.
Surface retorting involves crushing the mined oil shale and
then retorting it at about 900 to 1,000°F. The vessel in which
this heating occurs is called a retort. The hot shale oil
leaving the retort is not stable and must be sent directly to
an upgrading plant for catalytic processing with hydrogen
to remove impurities and produce a stable product.
This stable shale oil can be used as a refinery feedstock
and should compete favourably with sweet, light crude oil.
An oil shale plant operating on a commercial scale â that is,
producing a minimum of 50,000 barrels per day â would
need to incorporate multiple retorts. As the residence time
of oil shale in the hot zone of a retort is nearly a half hour, a
retort designed to produce 50,000 barrels of shale oil per
day would need to be sized to contain more than 1,500
tons of oil shale, which is well beyond the state-of-the-art.
In-Situ Retorting
In-situ retorting entails heating oil shale in place, extracting
the liquid from the ground and transporting it to an
upgrading facility.
The mainstream methods involved burning a portion of the
oil shale underground to produce the heat needed for
retorting the remaining oil shale. This was unsuccessful,
encountering serious problems in maintaining and
controlling the underground combustion process and
avoiding subsurface pollution.
4. 3
Environmental Issues of shale oil extraction
Thermally Conductive In-Situ Conversion
A volume of shale is heated by electric heaters placed in
vertical holes drilled through the entire thickness (more
than a thousand feet) of a section of oil shale. To obtain
even heating over a reasonable time frame, between 15
and 25 heating holes will be drilled per acre. After heating
for two to three years, the targeted volume of the deposit
will reach a temperature of between 650 and 700°F. This
very slow heating to a relatively low temperature
(compared with the plus-900 degrees F temperatures
common in surface retorting) is sufficient to cause the
chemical and physical changes required to release oil
from the shale. On an energy basis, about two-thirds of
the released product is liquid and one third is a gas similar
in composition to natural gas. The released product is
gathered in collection wells positioned within the heated
zone.
As part of site preparation, Shellâs current plan is to use
ground-freezing technology to establish an underground
barrier around the perimeter of the extraction zone.
A âfreeze wallâ would be created by circulating a
refrigerated fluid through a series of wells drilled around
the extraction zone. In addition to preventing groundwater
from entering the extraction zone, the freeze wall is
intended to keep hydrocarbons and other products
generated by retorting, from leaving the project perimeter
during ground heating, product extraction, and post
extraction ground cooling. The site preparation stage also
involves the construction of power plants and power
transmission lines needed to supply electricity to the
underground heaters.
Post-production cleanup involves steam flushing to remove
remaining mobile hydrocarbons, ground cooling, removing
the freeze wall, and site reclamation.
Shell plans to use ground-freezing technology to control
groundwater during production. Ground-freezing
technology is a well-established method for controlling
groundwater during construction and mining operations.
Multi-kilometer barriers have been constructed and
sustained for years.
âThe ICP process is clearly energy-intensive,
as its driving force is the injection of heat into
the subsurface.â
At the moment, Shell is not sure what the optimal size of
production zones ought to be. The issue here is how big
can a freeze-wall be to become effective, freezing the
groundwater surrounding a shale deposit? The test
projects as you can see, were quite small. Shell doesnât
know, or isnât saying, what the optimum size is for each
âpodâ or âcellâ.
Nonetheless, applying ground-freezing to in-situ
conversion of oil shale requires resolving significant
technical uncertainties to ensure that the frozen
barrier is structurally sound. Substantial uncertainties
remain regarding the impact of in-situ retorting on the
quality of groundwater. Retorting and removing
hydrocarbons will change aquifer properties and will likely
result in an increase in hydraulic conductivity. After the
removal of the freeze wall, such changes in aquifer
properties could result in the leaching and transport of
mineral salts and trace metals that are mixed with oil shale
deposits.
5. Objections to its potential environmental impact have
stalled governmental support for extraction of shale oil
in some countries.
⢠Shale oil extraction may involve a number of different
environmental impacts that vary with process
technologies;
⢠Depending on the geological conditions and mining
techniques. Mining impacts may include acid
drainage, induced by the sudden rapid exposure and
subsequent oxidation of formerly buried materials;
⢠The introduction of metals into surface water and
ground-water;
⢠Increased erosion, sulphur gas emissions;
⢠Air pollution caused by the production of particulates
during processing;
⢠Transport, and support activities;
⢠Surface mining for ex-situ processing, as with in situ
processing, requires extensive land use and ex-situ
thermal processing generates wastes that require
disposal;
⢠Mining, processing, spent oil shale disposal, and
waste treatment require land to be withdrawn from
traditional uses;
⢠Depending on the processing technology, the waste
material may contain pollutants including sulphates,
heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
some of which are toxic and carcinogenic;
⢠Experimental in situ conversion processes may reduce
some of these impacts, but may cause other
problems, such as groundwater pollution;
⢠Depending on the technology and the oil shale
composition, shale oil extraction processes may also
emit sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl
sulphide, and nitrogen oxides;
⢠Concerns have been raised over the oil shale
industry's use of water, particularly in arid regions
where water consumption is a sensitive issue;
⢠Above-ground retorting typically consumes between
one and five barrels of water per barrel of produced
shale oil; Depending on technology.
⢠Water is usually used for spent oil shale cooling and
oil shale ash disposal;
⢠In-situ processing, according to one estimate, uses
about one-tenth as much water. In other areas;
⢠Water must be pumped out of oil shale mines. The
resulting fall in the water table may have negative
effects on nearby arable land and forests.
Water Consumption
About three barrels of water are needed per barrel of
shale oil produced. Water availability analysis indicated
that the earliest constraining factors would be limitations
in local water supply systems, such as reservoirs,
pipelines, and groundwater development.
For mining and surface retorting, the major water quality
issue is the leaching of salts and toxics from spent shale.
4
Environmental Issues of shale oil extraction
Shaletekk M reduces the cost of extraction and has none of the environmental
issues linked to the current systems in use enabling companies to explore and
extract in more environmentally sensitive areas where shale oil is known to exist
in large quantities.
6. 5
Shaletekk M The Process
Shale Oil Pre-treatment
Step 1: 54.1% removal of carbonates and hydroxides
Step 2: 13.6% removal of quartz and silicates
Step 3: Desulfurisation
Ultrasonic Extraction
Special extraction mixture:
Effect of time: 1 hour is optimum
Effect of heating: No heating is required
Shale Oil Separation
Fast distillation
C
rushing
O
ilShale
Screening
M
ixing
U
ltrasonic
Exposure
Filtration
Solid
D
rying
D
istillation
Shale
O
il
Sonic
Extraction
Extraction
percentage
Gasoline
Content
Conserved No Emissions
88.4% Low Cost
Low Comparable to Crude Oil
Environmental
Aspect
Cost
Sulfur
Content
Oil
Properties
The Process
The Higher Council
for Science and Technology
Yarmouk University The Natural
Resources Authority
Jordan Petroleum
Refinery Company
Jordan University of
Science and Technology
Step
1
Step
2
Step
3
1 2 3
Facilities and development assistance has been provided by:
7. We at Naturetekk are now looking for business partners to set up pilot projects in
order to prove our technology in the field, via a joint venture, licencing agreements
or outright sale of the intellectual property and the potential patents of the processing
and formulations.
Shaletekk M The Process
6
Shale oil distillation curve as compared to crude
oil and shale oil extracted by shale retorting
Effect of ultrasound extraction time
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CumulativeVolume%
ExtractionPercentage%
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature (°C) Time (min)
Crude oil Shale oil
(by retorting)
Shale oil
(this work)
Conclusions
The proposed technology is efficient from the view points of:
⢠Extraction Percentage: Higher
⢠Operating Costs: Lower
⢠Environmental Aspects: None
⢠Extracted Oil Properties: Higher
Recommendations
It is recommended to start a pilot scale production.
8. Academic Rank
⢠Full Professor in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering.
Education
⢠B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering, Baghdad University M.Sc.
in Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Oklahoma,
1979
⢠Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa,
Oklahoma, 1980
⢠M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa,
Oklahoma, 1979. Dissertation title: "Numerical Solution of
Multi-Component Absorption from A Stirred Bath".
⢠Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa,
Oklahoma, 1980. Dissertation title: "Numerical Solution of
Liquid Phase Multi-Component Absorption in Fixed
Beds".
Graduate Courses
⢠Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Physiochemical
Processes, Water Supply and Air Pollution, Advanced
Heat Transfer, Advanced Numerical Methods.
Published Papers
⢠Over 100 research papers, published or in press in
refereed specialised international journals.
Books
⢠62 published scientific books in computer programming
and applications in science and engineering that were
adopted in a number of Arabic, American and Canadian
Universities.
⢠61 Books in Medicinal Herbal Technology to be published
in U.S.A. & Canada in 5 international languages.
⢠A. R. Mansour, âA new Technology for Liquefaction of
Jordanian Oil Shale Kerogenâ, submitted for publication
(2004).
⢠A. R. Mansour & K. J. Takrouri, âRadiation Effect on Mixed
Convection Over an Isothermal Wedge in Porous Media:
Model Solution by Hybrid and Numerical Methodsâ,
submitted for publication (2004).
⢠A. R. Mansour & K. J. Takrouri, âConvection-Radiation
Interaction in Boundary Layer Flow Over a Horizontal
Surfaceâ, submitted for publication (2004).
Patents in the Polymer, Water & Oil Industries
⢠Multi-Purpose Surfactant/Detergent for Oil Recovery from
Water, Oil Spills, Tar Sands, Beach Sand and Shale Oil,
Drag Reduction and Emulsification Processes, Kansas,
D.S.A (GemTech Solvents Inc., 1983-1993).
⢠A New Drag Reducing Additive for Crude Oil Pipelines &
Sanitary Sewers, High Tech Technology, Cleveland, Ohio,
D.S.A., 1983-1995.
⢠Bio-Filter to Treat Water/Wastewater from Bacteria and
Viruses, Jordan and D.S.A., (1990-1994).
⢠A New Surfactant to Separate Oil from Canadian Oil
Sand, High Tech Inc. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1994-
1995.
⢠New Surfactants to Solve Oil Spill Problems on Beaches
and in the Sea, High Tech Technology, Cleveland, Ohio,
U.S.A. 1983-1995.
⢠New Polymer Composites, Case Western & Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., (1993-1994).
Inventions
⢠28 inventions and formulas in herbal medicines for:
Malaria, Dengue, Diabetes 1&2, Asthma, Cancer,
Hepatitis B and C, Cholesterol and Triglycerides,
Rheumatism, High Pressure, Arthritis, Pain, Headache,
Migraine, New Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases such
as HIV, Multiple Sclerosis & Behestâs Disease, Psoriasis,
ProstateâŚetc
⢠11 International Conferences in different fields
⢠A member of the American Chemical Engineers Society,
the International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering
and the American Herb Research Foundation
⢠Candidate for UNESCO Prize for Science & Technology
for 1993
⢠International Man of the Year â98, Cambridge
⢠The 20th Century Man of Achievements in Science &
Technology, 1998
⢠International Man of â99 in Science & Technology,
USA, 1999
Membership in Scientific and Professional Societies
⢠American Institute of Chemical Engineers
⢠American Herb Research Foundation
⢠American Health Sciences Institute
⢠International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering
⢠New York Academy of Sciences
Naturetekk Ltd 111 Guthrum Place Newton Aycliffe
Co. Durham DL5 4QE United Kingdom +44 (0)7587 494141
info@naturetekk.co.uk www.naturetekk.co.uk
Dr. Awad Mansour
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