Hirschsprung's disease is a condition where the nerve cells in the colon are missing, causing constipation. It is treated through surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon. The Make-A-Wish Foundation grants wishes to children with life-threatening conditions, including Hirschsprung's disease, to provide hope and joy.
A sample of 15 of 200 leadership slides in my full set.
Go to my website www.andrewgibbons.co.uk for hundreds of free downloads and to access all 6000 slides in 18 sets including customer service; mentoring; change; performance management, and coaching.
Make-A-Wish Foundation ppt From promotional to socialPetri Darby
How the Make-A-Wish Foundation of America is evolving its online efforts from promotion to more connection and engagement to build strong relationships with constituents over the longer term.
Mailings dalam Microsoft Word berfungsi untuk membuat surat yang disertakan pembuatan amplop dan sebagainya yang berhubungan dengan surat. Bagian-bagian mailings, diantaranya create, start mail merge, write & insert fields, priview result, dan finish.
A sample of 15 of 200 leadership slides in my full set.
Go to my website www.andrewgibbons.co.uk for hundreds of free downloads and to access all 6000 slides in 18 sets including customer service; mentoring; change; performance management, and coaching.
Make-A-Wish Foundation ppt From promotional to socialPetri Darby
How the Make-A-Wish Foundation of America is evolving its online efforts from promotion to more connection and engagement to build strong relationships with constituents over the longer term.
Mailings dalam Microsoft Word berfungsi untuk membuat surat yang disertakan pembuatan amplop dan sebagainya yang berhubungan dengan surat. Bagian-bagian mailings, diantaranya create, start mail merge, write & insert fields, priview result, dan finish.
Created by Mohan K M, Ganesh C, Yerriswamy
Technology used: Microsoft power point, Excel, Multisim, Proteus, AutoCAD, Solid edge, Arduino.
As a final year project in PESIT Bangalore
Created by Mohan K M, Ganesh C, Yerriswamy
Technology used: Microsoft power point, Excel, Multisim, Proteus, AutoCAD, Solid edge, Arduino.
As a final year project in PESIT Bangalore
obesity is a disastrous phenomenon that's quite on the rise due to different factors.due to it's deleterious effects, it's highly recommended to highlight such topic and address it especially in the pediatrics where the complications double. such topic is still in its infancy and needs to be workedon
A PowerPoint Presentation on the dangers of Childhood Obesity and the rising incidences of Childhood Diabetes Type II due to Obesity. This presentation also gives some suggestions as to what parents and children can do to help prevent obesity.
UG class from MCH chapter of Park textbook and other onl. Includes topics such as- child growth and development, preterm, low birth weight, KMC, feeding, neonate, growth assessment, growth charts.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Endocrine / Reproduction sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Endo
Speaker presentation from U.S. News Healthcare of Tomorrow leadership summit, Nov. 17-19, 2019 in Washington, DC. Find out more about this forum at www.usnewshot.com.
Speaker presentation from U.S. News Healthcare of Tomorrow leadership summit, Nov. 17-19, 2019 in Washington, DC. Find out more about this forum at www.usnewshot.com.
Protecting kids from a most deadly disease!Ernie Medina
Lecture given by Ernie Medina, Jr., DrPH, on Aug. 17, 2011, for a grad class at Loma Linda Univ. School of Public Health. Professor: Serena Tonstadt, MD. Topic: getting kids to be more physically active.
2365 concept of meda vasa and majja dhatuSaurabh Yadav
In ayurveda meda and majja are comes under dhatu(tissue). vasa is consider as updhatu(derivatives of dhatu). we may compare all these in contemporary medical science with adipose tissue.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Antimicrobial stewardship to prevent antimicrobial resistanceGovindRankawat1
India is among the nations with the highest burden of bacterial infections.
India is one of the largest consumers of antibiotics worldwide.
India carries one of the largest burdens of drug‑resistant pathogens worldwide.
Highest burden of multidrug‑resistant tuberculosis,
Alarmingly high resistance among Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria even to newer antimicrobials such as carbapenems.
NDM‑1 ( New Delhi Metallo Beta lactamase 1, an enzyme which inactivates majority of Beta lactam antibiotics including carbapenems) was reported in 2008
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Hirschsprung’s Disease
& the Make-A-Wish Foundation
Amanda Metricarti
Period 9
http://www.wish.org/var/wish_user/storage/original/image/e8d70669a91b9456b72432fe262c204b.jpg Rieger
2. Thesis Statement
The Make-A-Wish Foundation sponsors children with
life-threatening conditions by granting wishes, to
enrich the human experience with hope, strength and
joy.
http://ncwishball.org/images/dreams_homepage.png
3. Why this topic?
“We make a living
by what we get, but
we make a life by
what we give.”
~Winston Churchill
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/49146955.png
http://www.quotegarden.com/helping.html
4. Make-A-Wish
The Make-Wish Foundation not only
grants life wishes of children with life-
threatening diseases, like cancer, but
also other serious diseases that might
not take a child’s life.
http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsi0K6iaG19TskBAbY6ypcNDbYhN6uy7UAdZMbh0yJMZ6JuuSN&t=1
5. Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD)
*What is it?
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/Digestive_Boy.jpg
6. What are the large intestine, colon,
rectum, and anus?
Large intestine
colon
rectum (connects)
anus
http://www.consumerreports.org/health/resources/images/conditions/colon_default.jpg
7. Why does HD cause
constipation?
Short-segment HD
Healthy Long-segment HD
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/L_Intestine_Nerve_Cell1.jpg
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/L_Intestine_Nerve_Cell2.jpg
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/L_Intestine_Nerve_Cell3.jpg
8. What causes HD?
Before birth
cells grow in
direction of anus
With HD
cells stop growing
soon
http://nursingcrib.com/wp-content/uploads/hirschsprung-disease1.jpg
9. What are the symptoms?
Constipation
Intestinal
Obstruction
hdawarenessribbon.jpg
10. Symptoms in Newborns
Vomiting
Swelling of abdomen
Gas
Bloody diarrhea
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/FemaleDoctor_Baby.jpg
11. Symptoms in Toddlers and
Older Children
Not being able to go
Slow growth
Lack of energy
-Anemia
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/tiredgirl.jpg
12. How is HD diagnosed?
X-rays
Manometry
Biopsy
Tests
13. How is HD treated?
The Pull-through
Procedure
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/L_Intestine_Procedure2.jpg
14. After the Pull-through
Procedure
May have diarrhea for awhile
After awhile they will go less
Must learn to use muscle
Most learn to have better bowel control
16. Post- Ostomy Surgery
They will feel better
Learn to change
May feel
uncomfortable
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/images/OstomyNurse_Boy.jpg
17. Diet and Nutrition
Drink more fluids
Small infants need feeding
tubes
through nose or incision
in abdomen
High-fiber foods
whole-grain
veggies
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hirschsprungs_ez/index.htm
18. Infection
fever
• swollen abdomen
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• bleeding from the rectum
• lack of energy
19.
20.
21.
22. Works Cited
Bearden, Monica, RD. “Aplastic Anemia.” Consumer Health Complete. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. <http://
web.ebscohost.com//?vid=5&hid=109&sid=d027e13f-cf66-4d14-818d-57d19aeed73a
%40sessionmgr111&bdata=JnNpdGU9Y2hjLWxpdmU%3d#db=cmh&AN=HL96475>.
Garvey, John. “A Package Deal.” EBSCO Industries. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. <http://web.ebscohost.com//detail?
vid=4&hid=109&sid=a2c903a1-a7b2-4f6e-8d21-f125e8d6dc6d
%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=44483269>.
“Leukemia.” Literary Reference Center. Colombia UP, 1 Dec. 2009. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. <http://web.ebscohost.com//?
vid=13&hid=109&sid=111d34c7-1cf2-4dfe-b0f7-a4d8dc01f148%40sessionmgr112&bdata=JnNpdGU9bHJjLWxpdmU
%3d#db=lfh&AN=39018085>.
Dimbleby, Kitty. “Finding a Rare Fellow Sufferer on the Website Was a Great Comfort.” Times [United Kingdom] 5 Nov.
2005: n. pag. Newspaper Source. Web. 23 Dec. 2010. <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nfh&AN=7EH1813844530&site=ehost-live>.
Make-A-Wish. Make-A-Wish Foundation of America, 2006-10. Web. 21 Dec. 2010. <http://www.wish.org//>.
Grosfeld, J. L., P. Puri, and S. Montedonico. “Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Historical Perspective- 1691-2005 &
Hirschsprung’s Disease: Clinical Features.” Hirschsprung’s Disease and Allied Disorders. By Alexander M.
Holschneider. Ed. Gabriele Schroder. 3rd ed. Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2008. 1-7, 107-10. Print.
Hyman, Paul, M.D., et al. What I Need to Know about Hirschsprung’s Disease. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institutes
of Health, February 2010. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. <http://
www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov>.
“Make-A-Wish.” Make-A-Wish. Make-A-Wish Foundation, 27 May 2008. Web. 17 Feb. 2011. <http://www.wish.org///
_facts_060823>.
Murphy, Nicole B. Hirschsprung’s Disease Solving the Puzzle. USA: 360 Digital, 2008. Print.
Editor's Notes
I have done my SGP on Hirschsprung&#x2019;s Disease and the Make-A-Wish Foundation..\n
(Just read it)\n
My whole life my family has been taking in foster kids up until this year and it has really set an impact on my life and made me realize that just maybe it&#x2019;s not so bad helping others who are in need. And then I came across this topic and thought that it would be really great to get involved with this foundation. I never really knew what the Make-A-Wish Foundation was about until I started researching it and it turned out to be really life-changing and inspirational, so I decided that I would get far with this topic. The picture on the left says, &#x201C;welcome to the land of Make-A-Wish. where a child&#x2019;s joyful dream becomes a reality. and a heartfelt wish really does come true!&#x201D; and then the quote on the right, &#x201C;we make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.&#x201D; i just thought that what my family has been doing my whole life and how it made a great impact on a few great people and i like to think that we &#x201C;made their life&#x201D; by giving them a family. \n
(read the slide) The Make-A-Wish Foundation is world-wide and helps out families with diseased children. They grant wishes which helps out the mood of the family going through hard times because it adds joy to their child. Anyone can become involved with this foundation and can help sponsor a child and make their wish and that&#x2019;s exactly what I did. My child that I sponsored has Hirschsprung&#x2019;s Disease.\n
HD is a disease of the large intestine that causes severe constipation or intestinal obstruction.\n\n
The large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum, is the last part of the digestive tract. The large intestine&#x2019;s main job is to absorb water and hold stool. The rectum connects the colon to the anus. Stool passes out of the body through the anus. At birth, the large intestine is about 2 feet long. An adult&#x2019;s large intestine is about 5 feet long. \n
People with HD have constipation because they lack nerve cells in a part or all of the large intestine. The nerve cells signal muscles in the large intestine to push stool toward the anus. Without a signal to push stool along, stool will remain in the large intestine. How severe HD is depends on how much of the large intestine is affected. Short-segment HD means only the last part of the large intestine lacks nerve cells. Long-segment HD means most or all of the large intestine, and sometimes the last part of the small intestine, lacks nerve cells. In a person with HD, stool moves through the large intestine until it reaches the part lacking nerve cells. At that point, the stool moves slowly or stops, causing an intestinal obstruction. \n
Before birth, a child&#x2019;s nerve cells normally grow along the intestines in the direction of the anus. With HD, the nerve cells stop growing too soon. Why the nerve cells stop growing is unclear. Some HD is inherited, meaning it is passed from parent to child through genes. HD is not caused by anything a mother did while pregnant.\n\n
The main symptoms of HD are constipation or intestinal obstruction, usually appearing shortly after birth. Constipation in infants and children is common and usually comes and goes, but if your child has had ongoing constipation since birth, HD may be the problem.\n\n
Newborns with HD almost always fail to have their first bowel movement within 48 hours after birth. Other symptoms include:\n-green or brown vomit\n-explosive stools after a doctor inserts a finger into the rectum\n-swelling of the belly, also known as the abdomen\n-lots of gas\n-bloody diarrhea\n
Symptoms of HD in toddlers and older children include\nnot being able to pass stools without laxatives or enemas. A laxative is medicine that loosens stool and increases bowel movements. An enema is performed by flushing water, or sometimes a mild soap solution, into the anus using a special wash bottle.\nswelling of the abdomen.\nlots of gas.\nbloody diarrhea.\nslow growth or development.\nlack of energy because of a shortage of red blood cells, called anemia.\n \n
HD is diagnosed based on symptoms and test results.\nA doctor will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your child&#x2019;s bowel movements. HD is much less likely if parents can identify a time when their child&#x2019;s bowel habits were normal.\nIf HD is suspected, the doctor will do one or more tests.\n
HD is treated with surgery called a pull-through procedure. A surgeon removes the segment of the large intestine lacking nerve cells and connects the healthy segment to the anus. The pull-through procedure is usually done soon after diagnosis.\n\n
Most children pass stool normally after the pull-through procedure. Children may have diarrhea for awhile, and infants and toddlers may develop diaper rash, which is treatable with diaper creams. Over time, stool will become more solid and the child will go to the bathroom less often. Toilet training may take longer. Children often must learn how to use the muscles of the anus after surgery. Some children may leak stool for awhile, but most will learn to have better bowel control as they get older.\n\n
An ostomy allows stool to leave the body through an opening in the abdomen. Although most children with HD do not need an ostomy, a child who has been very sick from HD may need an ostomy to get better before the pull-through procedure.\nFor ostomy surgery, the surgeon first takes out the diseased segment of the large intestine. The end of the healthy intestine is moved to an opening in the abdomen where a stoma is created. A stoma is created by rolling the intestine&#x2019;s end back on itself, like a shirt cuff, and stitching it to the abdominal wall. An ostomy pouch is attached to the stoma and worn outside the body to collect stool. The pouch will need to be emptied several times each day.\n
Infants will feel better after ostomy surgery because they will be able to easily pass gas and stool.\nOlder children will feel better, too, but they must adjust to living with an ostomy. They will need to learn how to take care of the stoma and how to change the ostomy pouch. With a few changes, children with ostomies can lead normal lives. However, they may worry about being different from their friends. A special nurse called an ostomy nurse can answer questions and show how to care for an ostomy.\n\n
After the pull-through procedure, children with long-segment HD need to drink more fluids. Now that the large intestine is shorter, or entirely gone, it is less able to absorb fluids the body needs. Drinking more helps make up for the loss. \nSome infants may need tube feedings for awhile. A feeding tube allows infant formula or milk to be pumped directly into the stomach or small intestine. The feeding tube is passed through the nose or through an incision in the abdomen.\nEating high-fiber foods can help reduce constipation and diarrhea. Fiber helps form stool, making bowel movements easier. High-fiber foods include whole-grain breads, vegetables, and fruits. Some children may need laxatives to treat ongoing constipation. Consult a doctor before giving a laxative to your child.\n\n\n
People with HD can suffer from an infection of the intestines, called enterocolitis, before or after surgery. Symptoms include: fever, swollen abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding from the rectum, and lack of energy. \n\n