This document discusses a seminar on the Internet of Things (IoT). It describes how IoT connects physical objects through sensors and allows them to exchange data over the internet. The document outlines key enabling technologies, challenges around privacy, standards, and energy sources for billions of sensors. It also examines the implications of IoT for business models, applications, and public policy issues around governance, regulation, and technical standards.

1. Internet of Things : Seminar
SF-IT, 19-Sep-2015

2. Internet Revolution

3. Impact of the Internet

4. The Internet of Things
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6. Typical Views of the Internet of Things

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8. Enabling Technologies
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9. Challenges and Issues
• Issues
− Society: People, security, privacy
• A policy for people in the Internet of Things:
• Legislation
− Environmental aspects
• Resource efficiency
• Pollution and disaster avoidance
− Technological
• Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services,
security, etc.)
• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces
• Service openness, interoperability
• Connections of real and virtual world

10. IoT will inherit the drawbacks of the current
internet on an infinitely larger, but more
invisible scale
− Privacy – will be a huge issue when
implementing IoT
− Identity - Online Fragmentation of Identity
− Efficiency – speed - person loses identity and
is an IP address
− Decisions – do not delegate too much of our
decision making and freedom of choice to
things and machines
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11. • Transition to IPv6 – Internet protocol v6
• Estalishing a common set of standards
between companies, educational systems,
and nations.
− The same type of cabling,
− The same applications or programming
− The same protocol or set of rules that will
apply to all
• Developing energy sources for millions
-even billions - of sensors.
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12. Technology Roadmap of IoT

13. Future of IoT

14. IoT Landscape

15. IoT = the future of the internet ?
• R&D programs all over the world
• Europe (ambiant intelligence), Japon (ubiquituous computing)
China…
• Complementary technological paths :
• Convergence and discontinuities : 1.0 ≈ 2.0 ≈ 3.0
• From bar code to multiple electronic identification devices
• From early B2B to massive applications (animals, health…)
• Major socio-technico-economic trends
• From product to services
• From fixed to mobile technologies
• Physical and virtual worlds
• Complex and unstable technological choices and standards
• Attractive technologies : but unknown and badly accepted
• Conflicting visions and various questions at stake :
• consistency, sustainability and (low) cost
• Portfolio of technologies, networks and applications
• Incentive and support for innovation for economic growth
• To implement pervasive but non intrusive systems 15

16. IoT a support for various dreams
• Perfect identification – traceability
• New Big Brother
• Cost killing applications
• Improve quality, reduce errors
• A tag as usuals
• Extension of traditional Bar code
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17. Rather :
a network of converging networks
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Internet :
IPv6
Mobility
Sensors
ad hoc networks
RFID, tags
& readers
Data matrix
GPS
ONS

18. Supporting a large range of
applications
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The technical side
• Competing technical solutions
• Different types of RFID
• Alternatives solutions to RFID
• The main technological needs
• Guaranteeing the performance of solutions in use contexts
• Ensuring the durability of solutions
• Conceiving an efficient data management system
• Some specific bottlenecks (memory, privacy…)
• The standardization and interoperability = a key dimension
• Dependence on existing standards.
• A standard of standards.
• Standards “granularity” and interoperability

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The business perspective
What performance?
– Local contexts (quality, prices…)
– Macro effects
Who should invest and why?
– Traditional firms vs new entrants
– ROI
New Business Models
– Redefinition of the value chains
– New services for consumers
– New resources for efficiency
The supply side
– Which market ?
– Which suppliers ?

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Diffusion uncertainties : privacy, the
mostly mentionned risk
Multifaceted risk
– Traditional + emerging
– Personal + industrial
– Technical + process questions
Efficiciency vs. Privacy
Multiple identities, regulation
A market for security and Privacy Enhancing
Technologies

22. Startling risks
• M2M risks and liability
• Environment
• Falsification
• Logarithmic conflicts
• Trust in informations
• Ethical concerns
• From things to animal and individual tagging
• awareness and education
• Freedom of silence, withdrawing and forgetfulness
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23. Consequence : a second hand
creativity society ?
• Evidence for innovations
• The rising of interoperability, mashups and UGC
• Incentives to innovate on the level playing field
• Interoperability leads to increased competition
• reduction of lock-in effects and market entry barriers
• leads to more innovation on services rather than technology ?
• Impact on radical innovation unclear
• Interoperability does not always lead to innovation
• May be destructive in some cases
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Public policies and governance at stake
Industrial regulation and innovation
– Industrial policy and incentives for R&D + implementation
– Competition policy
Technical governance
Governance of network infrastructure
– The net neutrality
Regulatory frameworks
– Firms
– Consumers and citizens
– Standardization of data

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