Data and trends from the ECDC Annual Epidemiological reports for 2016 on: Chlamydia (http://bit.ly/AERch16) Lymphogranuloma venereum (http://bit.ly/AERLGV16) Gonorrhoea (http://bit.ly/AERsy16) Syphilis (http://bit.ly/AERsy16) Congenital syphilis (http://bit.ly/AERcs16) See also: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/annual-epidemiological-reports

1. Annual Epidemiological Reports for 2016
- Chlamydia
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Gonorrhoea
- Syphilis
- Congenital syphilis

2. Chlamydia
• In 2016, 403 807 cases of chlamydia infection were
reported in 26 EU/EEA Member States.
• The overall notification rate was 184 per 100 000 persons.
• Notification rates of chlamydia infection varied considerably
across Europe, with the highest country-specific rates more
than 5 000 times the country with the lowest rates. This is
mainly a reflection of the differences in chlamydia testing
and case finding rather than real differences in chlamydia
prevalence.
• Notification rates continue to be highest among young adult
women and heterosexuals.
• The overall trend appears stable over recent years, both at
the European and at the country level.
Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERch16

3. Chlamydia male-to-female ratio,
25 EU/EEA countries, 2016
Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERch16

4. Chlamydia cases per 100 000 population,
by age group and gender, EU/EEA, 2016
Source: Country reports from Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERch16

5. Chlamydia infections by transmission category
and gender (n=60 274), EU/EEA, 2016
Data from countries reporting transmission category for more than 60% of cases: Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden
Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERch16

6. Confirmed chlamydia cases per 100 000
population by year, EU/EEA countries reporting
consistently, 2007−2016
Source: Country reports from Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
Source: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chlamydia infection. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERch16

7. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
• In 2016, LGV data were reported by 22 countries, out of
which 13 reported 2 043 cases.
• Three countries (France, the Netherlands and the United
Kingdom) accounted for 86% of notified cases.
• Almost all cases were reported among men who have sex
with men; in those cases with known HIV status, 70% were
HIV positive in 2016.
• The number of reported cases continued to increase with
15% more cases reported in 2016 compared to 2015.
• A number of countries have not reported LGV cases over the
years, suggesting significant underdiagnosis and
underreporting.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Lymphogranuloma venereum. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERLGV16

8. Age distribution of confirmed LGV cases,
EU/EEA, 2016
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Lymphogranuloma venereum. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERLGV16

9. Confirmed LGV cases among the five EU/EEA
Member States reporting the largest number of
cases in 2016, 2007–2016
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Lymphogranuloma venereum. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for
2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERLGV16

10. Gonorrhoea
• 75 349 cases of gonorrhoea were reported by 27 EU/EEA
Member States for 2016.
• The overall notification rate was 18.8 cases per 100 000
population.
• Rates of reported gonorrhoea infection vary considerably
across Europe, with higher rates reported in northern
Europe.
• Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for almost
half of reported cases (46%) in 2016.
• The number of reported cases remained stable compared to
2015 reflecting fewer diagnoses in the United Kingdom but
increases in other countries.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

11. Rate of confirmed gonorrhoea cases per 100 000
population by country, EU/EEA, 2016
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

12. Gonorrhoea male-to-female ratio
in 26 EU/EEA countries, 2016
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

13. Rate of confirmed gonorrhoea cases per 100 000
population, by age and gender, EU/EEA, 2016
Source: Country reports from Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

14. Percentage of gonorrhoea infections by
transmission category and gender (n=57 137),
EU/EEA, 2016
Data from countries reporting transmission category for more than 60% of cases: Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary,
Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

15. Rate of confirmed gonorrhoea cases per 100 000 population
by year, EU/EEA countries reporting consistently,
2007−2016
Source: Country reports from Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (only total), Sweden, and
the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

16. Number of confirmed gonorrhoea cases by gender,
transmission category and year, EU/EEA countries reporting
consistently, EU/EEA, 2008−2016
Source: Country reports from the Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands,
Norway, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonorrhoea. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERNG16

17. Syphilis
• In 2016, 29 365 syphilis cases were reported in 28 EU/EEA
Member States (data were not available from Austria, Greece and
Liechtenstein), at a rate of 6.1 per 100 000 population. Reported
syphilis rates were eight times higher in men than in women.
• The majority of cases were reported in people older than 25
years, with young people between 15 and 24 years of age
accounting for 13% of cases.
• Two-thirds (66%) of the syphilis cases with information on
transmission category were reported in men who have sex with
men (MSM).
• Trends since 2011 show that syphilis rates have been increasing,
particularly among men, mainly due to an increase among MSM.
• Rates among women increased slightly in 2016.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

18. Rate of confirmed syphilis cases per 100 000
population by country, EU/EEA, 2016
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

19. Syphilis male-to-female ratio
in 27 EU/EEA countries, 2016

20. Rate of confirmed syphilis cases per 100 000
population, by age and gender, EU/EEA, 2016
Source: Country reports from Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

21. Percentage of syphilis infections by transmission
category and gender (n=21 275), EU/EEA, 2016
Data from countries reporting transmission category for more than 60% of cases: Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and
the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

22. Distribution of reported syphilis infection
stages, EU/EEA, 2016
Source: Country reports from the Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

23. Rate of confirmed syphilis cases per 100 000 population
by year, EU/EEA countries reporting consistently,
2007−2016
Source: Country reports from the Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

24. Number of confirmed syphilis cases by gender,
transmission category and year, EU/EEA countries reporting
consistently, EU/EEA, 2010−2016
Source: Country reports from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2016. Stockholm:
ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERsy16

25. Change in number of reported confirmed
cases of gonorrhoea, syphilis and LGV,
EU/EEA, 2012-2016
Source: Countries reporting both in 2012 and 2016. Country reports from Belgium, Bulgaria (not LGV), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany (syphilis only), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (not LGV), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania (not LGV), Slovakia (not LGV), Slovenia, Spain (not LGV), Sweden and the United Kingdom.

26. Congenital syphilis
• In 2016, 37 congenital syphilis cases were reported in 23 EU/EEA
Member States, at a crude rate of 1.1 cases per 100 000 live births.
• The trend for reported congenital syphilis cases has remained stable in
recent years, but some countries reported small increases compared
with 2015.
• It is suspected that there is significant underreporting: seven countries
did not contribute to the reporting of congenital syphilis, and a further
13 reported zero cases in 2016.
• The low rates of congenital syphilis and decreasing rates of reported
syphilis among women suggest that most Member States have
programmes that aim at the elimination of congenital syphilis. Better
indicator data are needed, however, to assess the effectiveness of
antenatal screening programmes in all EU/EEA countries.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Congenital syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERcs16

27. Number of confirmed congenital syphilis cases
per 100 000 live births; number of countries reporting congenital
syphilis data, by year, 25 EU/EEA countries, 2005–2015
Source: Country reports from Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the
United Kingdom.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Congenital syphilis. In: ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016.
Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Online: http://bit.ly/AERcs16

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