Transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, introduction, definition, types , mode of transmission, common symptoms, treatment, prevention,
3. INTRODUCTION:
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also referred to as sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are primarily
spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral
sex.
These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or
other microorganisms. STDs can affect individuals of all ages,
genders, sexual orientations, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
4. TYPES OF STDs:
Wide range of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other
microorganisms. Here are some of the most common types of STDs:
Ø Chlamydia.
Ø Gonorrhoea.
Ø Syphilis.
Ø Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Ø Herpes.
Ø Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
5. MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be transmitted through
various modes of sexual contact, as well as through non-sexual means.
Here are the primary modes of transmission for STDs:
1) Unprotected Sexual Intercourse.
2) Rarely by kissing.
3) Direct Skin-to-Skin Contact.
4) Mother-to-Child Transmission.
5) Sharing Contaminated Needles or Injection Drug Use.
6) Blood Transfusions or Organ Transplants.
7) Non-Sexual Contact - Some STDs, such as pubic lice (crabs) and
scabies, can be transmitted through contaminated objects such as
bedding, towels, or clothing.
6. COMMON SYMPTOMS:
q Unusual genital discharge.
q Pain or burning sensation during urination.
q Genital itching or irritation.
q Pain during sexual intercourse.
q Genital sores or ulcers.
q Lower abdominal pain or pelvic pain.
q Rash or bumps on the skin.
q Swollen lymph nodes.
q Flu-like symptoms - such as fever, headache, fatigue, and body aches.
q Rectal symptoms - rectal pain, discharge, itching, or bleeding.
7. TREATMENT:
• Chlamydia: Usually treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or
doxycycline.
• Gonorrhea: Similar to chlamydia, gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics
such as ceftriaxone or cefixime, often in combination with azithromycin to
prevent resistance.
• Syphilis: Single injection of penicillin.
• Genital herpes: Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or
famciclovir can help manage symptoms, reduce outbreaks, and lower the
risk of transmission.
• HIV/AIDS: There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but antiretroviral therapy
(ART) can effectively control the virus, suppress its replication, and
prevent transmission to others.
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus):Cryotherapy, laser therapy, or surgical
excision.
8. PREVENTION:
Safe Sex Practices:
Ø Correct and Consistent Condom Use
Ø Limiting Sexual Partners.
Ø Communication about sexual history.
Ø Avoiding High-Risk Behaviours such as unprotected anal or vaginal
sex, sharing needles, and engaging in sexual activities while under the
influence of drugs or alcohol can reduce the risk of STD transmission.
STD Testing and Treatment:
Ø Regular Screening.
Ø Prompt Treatment if symptom of STDs appear.
Vaccination:
Ø HPV Vaccine
Ø Hepatitis B Vaccine
9. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP):
•HIV PrEP: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves taking
antiretroviral medication (such as Truvada or Descovy) daily to prevent
HIV transmission
Health Education and Promotion:
•Comprehensive Sex Education: Providing accurate and age-appropriate
sex education in schools and communities.
10. • Community Outreach Programs: Engaging in community outreach
efforts to raise awareness about STD prevention, testing, and treatment
options can help reduce stigma and increase access to care.
Regular Healthcare Visits:
• Annual Exams: Regular visits to healthcare providers
for sexual health screenings and discussions about risk
reduction strategies
