sexual dysfucntion

1. Welcome to the presentation
untitled ” Sexual dysfunction and
menopauses”
Group III
Presented by :
Jean Bosco NDAYISENGA: 023/04/MDW/1402
Chantal ICYITEGETSE: 023/04/MDW/1388

2. 1. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Definition
 Sexual dysfunction is a problem that can happen during
any phase of the sexual response cycle .
 It prevents you from experiencing satisfaction from
sexual activity.
 The sexual response cycle includes excitement,
plateau, orgasm and resolution.

3. Types of sexual dysfunction
• Sexual dysfunction generally is classified into four categories:
 Desire disorders: lack of sexual desire or interest in sex.
 Arousal disorders: inability to become physically aroused or
excited during sexual activity.
 Orgasm disorders: delay or absence of orgasm (climax).
 Pain disorders: pain during intercourse.

4. Who is affected by sexual dysfunction?
 Sexual dysfunction can affect any age,
 although it is more common in those over 40 because it’s
often related to a decline in health associated with aging.

5. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction
In people assigned male at birth:
 Inability to achieve or maintain an erection (hard penis)
suitable for intercourse (erectile dysfunction).
 Absent or delayed ejaculation despite enough sexual
stimulation (retarded ejaculation).
 Inability to control the timing of ejaculation (early, or
premature, ejaculation).

6. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction(Cont’d)
In people assigned female at birth:
 Inability to achieve orgasm.
 Inadequate vaginal lubrication before and during intercourse.
 Inability to relax the vaginal muscles enough to allow
intercourse.
In everyone:
 Lack of interest in or desire for sex.
 Inability to become aroused.
 Pain with intercourse.

7. ETIOLOGY/Causes of sexual dysfunction
 Heart disease and vascular diseases
 High cholesterol, high blood pressure
 Diabetes, Neurological disorders
 Hormonal imbalances, chronic diseases such as kidney
or liver failure
 obesity, and smoking
 Alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder
 the side effects of some medications, including
some antidepressant drugs, can affect sexual function

8. ETIOLOGY/Causes of sexual dysfunction
 Work-related stress and anxiety
 Concern about sexual performance
 Marital or relationship problems, depression
 Feelings of guilt, concerns about body image and the
effects of a past sexual trauma.

9. How is sexual dysfunction diagnosed?
 In most cases, you recognize something’s interfering with your
enjoyment (or a partner's enjoyment) of a sexual relationship.
 Your provider usually begins with a complete history of
symptoms and a physical.
 They may order diagnostic tests to rule out medical problems
that may be contributing to the dysfunction.

10. Management and Treatment
 Most types of sexual dysfunction can be addressed by treating
the underlying physical or psychological problems.
 Other treatment strategies include:
 Men and women with hormone deficiencies may benefit from
hormone shots, pills or creams.
 For men, drugs, including sildenafil (Viagra®), tadalafil
(Cialis®), vardenafil (Levitra®, Staxyn®) and avanafil
(Stendra®) may help improve sexual function by increasing
blood flow to the penis.

11. Management and Treatment(Cont’d)
 For women, hormonal options such as estrogen and
testosterone can be used (although these medications are not
approved for this purpose).
 In premenopausal women, there are two medications that are
approved by the FDA to treat low desire, including flibanserin
(Addyi®) and bremelanotide (Vyleesi®).
 Vacuum devices and penile implants may help men with
erectile dysfunction
 Sex therapy, By counselors
 Behavioral treatments,
 Psychotherapy

12. Outlook/Prognosis
 The success of treatment for sexual dysfunction depends on
the underlying cause of the problem.
 The outlook is good for dysfunction that is related to a
condition that can be treated or reversed

13. 2. MENOPAUSES
 Overview
 Menopause is when your periods stop due to lower hormone
levels.
 It usually affects women between the ages of 45 and 55, but it
can happen earlier.
 It affects anyone who has periods.
 Menopause can happen naturally, or for reasons such as surgery
to remove the ovaries (oophorectomy) or the uterus
(hysterectomy), cancer treatments like chemotherapy, or a
genetic reason.
 Sometimes the reason is unknown.

14. 2. MENOPAUSES(Cont’d)
 Perimenopause is when you have symptoms of menopause but
your periods have not stopped.
 Perimenopause ends and you reach menopause when you
have not had a period for 12 months.
 Menopause and perimenopause can cause symptoms like
anxiety, mood swings, brain fog, hot flushes and irregular
periods.
 These symptoms can start years before your periods stop and
carry on afterwards.

15. 2. MENOPAUSES(Cont’d)
 Menopause and perimenopause symptoms can have a big
impact on your life, including relationships and work.
 There are things you can do to help with symptoms.
 There are also medicines that can replace the missing hormones
and help relieve your symptoms.

16. 2. MENOPAUSES(Cont’d
• Menopause and perimenopause symptoms can have a big impact on
your daily life, including relationships, social life, family life and
work.
• It can feel different for everyone. You may have a number of
symptoms or none.
• Symptoms usually start months or years before your periods stop.
• This is called the perimenopause.

17. Signs and symptoms
 Mental health symptoms
 Common mental health symptoms of menopause and
perimenopause include:
 changes to your mood, like low mood, anxiety, mood swings
and low self-esteem
 problems with memory or concentration (brain fog)

18. 2. MENOPAUSES(Cont’d
Physical symptoms
 Common physical symptoms of menopause and
perimenopause include:
 hot flushes, when you have sudden feelings of hot or cold in
your face, neck and chest which can make you dizzy
 difficulty sleeping, which may be a result of night sweats and
make you feel tired and irritable during the day
 palpitations, when your heartbeats suddenly become more
noticeable

19. 2. MENOPAUSES(Cont’d
 headaches and migraines that are worse than usual
 muscle aches and joint pains
 changed body shape and weight gain
 skin changes including dry and itchy skin
 reduced sex drive
 vaginal dryness and pain, itching or discomfort during sex
 recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

20. Things you can do
 Eating well, exercising and looking after your mental wellbeing can
help with symptoms during perimenopause and menopause.
 get plenty of rest, including keeping to regular sleep routines
 eat a healthy diet
 have calcium-rich food like milk, yoghurt and kale to keep bones
healthy
 exercise regularly, try including weight-bearing activities where your
feet and legs support your weight like walking, running or dancing,

21. Things you can do(cont’d)
 do relaxing things like yoga, tai chi or meditation
 talk to other people going through the same thing, like family,
friends or colleagues
 talk to a doctor before taking herbal supplements or
complementary medicines
 Don’t
 do not smoke
 do not drink more than the recommended alcohol limit

22. Things you can do(cont’d)
 How to ease hot flushes and night sweats
 You can:
 wear light clothing
 keep your bedroom cool at night
 take a cool shower, use a fan or have a cold drink
 try to reduce your stress level
 avoid or reduce potential triggers, such as spicy food, caffeine, hot
drinks, smoking and alcohol
 Exercise regularly
 lose weight if you're overweight

23. Management and treatment
 Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
 The main medicine treatment for menopause and perimenopause
symptoms is hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which replaces
the hormones that are at low levels.
 Testosterone gel for reduced sex drive
 If HRT does not help restore your sex drive, you might be offered a
testosterone gel or cream.

24. Summary
 Menopause is one point in a continuum of life stages for women
and marks the end of their reproductive years.
 After menopause, a woman cannot become pregnant, except in
rare cases when specialized fertility treatments are used.
 Most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and
55 years as a natural part of biological ageing.
 Menopause is caused by the loss of ovarian follicular function
and a decline in circulating blood estrogen levels.
 The menopausal transition can be gradual, usually beginning
with changes in the menstrual cycle.

25. Summary(cont’d)
 ‘Perimenopause’ refers to the period from when these signs are
first observed and ends one year after the final menstrual
period.
 Perimenopause can last several years and can affect physical,
emotional, mental and social well-being.
 A variety of non-hormonal and hormonal interventions can
help alleviate premenopausal symptoms.
 Menopause can be a consequence of surgical or medical
procedures

26. REFERENCES
 American Family Physician. Female Sexual Dysfunction:
Evaluation and
Treatment. (https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0701/p127.html) Ac
cessed 11/13/2020.
 Planned Parenthood. Sex, Pleasure and Sexual
Dysfunction. (https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sex-
pleasure-and-sexual-dysfunction) Accessed 11/13/2020.

27. REFERENCES(Cont’d)
 Merck Manual. Overview of Sexual Dysfunction in
Men (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-
issues/sexual-dysfunction-in-men/overview-of-sexual-dysfunction-
in-men) and Overview of Sexual Dysfunction in
Women. (https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-
issues/sexual-dysfunction-in-women/overview-of-sexual-
dysfunction-in-women) Accessed 11/13/2020.
 National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease. Erectile Dysfunction
(ED). (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-

28. END