DISORDERS OF SEXUAL FUNCTIONING

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GROUP 4
REPORTING

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DISORDERS OF SEXUAL
FUNCTIONING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Inhereted sexual desire
2. Failure to achieve orgasm
3. Erectile dysfunction
4. Premature Ejaculation
5. Persistent sexual arousal syndrome
6. Pain disorders
7. Vaginismus
8. Dyspareunia and Vestibulitis

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INHERETED SEXUAL DESIRE
 Lessened interest in sexual relations is normal in some circumstances such as
after the death of a family member, a divorce, is a stressful job change. The
support of a caring sexual partner or the relief of the tension causing the stress
allows the returns of sexual interest
 Loss of sexual desire, also called hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), is
characterized by a lack of sexual fantasies or desire for sexual activity. It can be
associated with feelings of personal distress or difficulty with your partner
caused by your lack of sexual desire.

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Causes:
Physical Causes
Diseases such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure
Medications, including antidepressants and hormonal birth control
Surgeries related to the breast or genital tract
Hormone changes or imbalances, often associated with pregnancy,
breastfeeding, or menopause
Lifestyle Causes
Excessive alcohol, illicit drug, or tobacco use
Stress or fatigue from lifestyle factors including work, school, or family
responsibilities
Relationship problems with your partner

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Causes:
Psychological Causes
Mental illness, including anxiety and depression
Low self-esteem or poor body image
Past sexual abuse or negative sexual experiences
Symptoms:
 Low sex drive
 Desire for sex but failure to maintain arousal

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Treatments:
 Counselling
 Hormone Therapy
 Lifestyle changes

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FAILURE TO ACHIEVE ORGASM
 Failure to achieve orgasm (anorgasmia) is when a person has difficulty or can’t
orgasm even if they’re enjoying sex and it feels good to them. It also describes
orgasms that aren’t as strong or don’t happen as frequently as you’d like. It’s a form
of sexual dysfunction that affects all genders. It can take a toll on your mental health,
causing distress and anxiety, and can even interfere your relationships.

 Orgasms (also called sexual climaxing) are feelings of pleasure or sexual excitement
that occur after being aroused. It may feel like a release and involve bodily
movements beyond your control. They can vary in duration and intensity. Some
people need more sexual stimulation to have an orgasm, while others need less.

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CAUSES:
Medical and physical causes
-Age (especially women in menopause), medications , hormonal conditions, congenital disorders etc.
Psychological causes
-Depression, stress or anxiety, SA, cultural/religious factors, and intimacy issues.

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Symptoms of anorgasmia
The main symptom of anorgasmia is not reaching sexual climax (orgasm). Other
symptoms are delayed climaxing (it takes a long time to orgasm) or not feeling
fulfillment

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Risk factor:
Risk factor for anorgasmia or failure to achieve orgasm usually
psychological but can also be neurological and drug-related in
some cases

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Treatment and Management:
-Changing medications.
-Treating any underlying health issues.
-Learning self-stimulation (masturbation) techniques.
-Counseling or psychotherapy.
-Sex therapy to address sexual needs or underlying factors preventing climax.
-Using hormone therapy to enhance blood flow and increase sensitivity.
-Introducing new stimuli to the relationship such as new techniques, sex toys and
devices or erotic media.

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ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Erectile Dysfunction (ED), formerly reffered to as impotence, is the inability of a man to produce or maintain
an erection long enough for vaginal penetration or partner satisfaction.
TYPES OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION:
Vascular Erectile Dysfunction (most common)
-Vascular ED causes that affect the blood vessels that send blood to the tissues in your penis that allow you
to get and maintain an erection, or the valves in the penis hat normally hold blood inside.
Neurogenic Vascular Dysfunction
-Neurogenic ED occurs as a result of nerve problems, which prevent signals from traveling from your brain to
your penis to create an erection.

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Hormonal Erectile Dysfunction
-Hormonal ED refers to ED that happens as a result of testosterone deficiency, or in
some cases as a result of thyroid issues.
Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction
-Psychogenic ED involves psychological conditions (conditions that affect your
thoughts, feelings or behavior) that can cause ED.

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CAUSES:
•Aging
•Atherosclerosis
•Diabetes (which limits blood supply)
•Side effects pf a certain drugs
Prescribe Drugs for ED (once a day):
•Sildenafil (Viagra)
•Tadalafil (Cialis)
•Vardenafil (Levitra)
If these are not successful (they are not contradicted in men with a risk of
cardiovascular illness and in those who are taking medications that contain nitrates) a
surgical implant to aid erection by the use of vacuum pressure is a possible alternative.
Testosterone injections may be helpful in some men.

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PERSISTENT SEXUAL AROUSAL
SYNDROME
Persistent sexual arousal syndrome (PSAS) is excessive and unrelenting sexual arousal in
the absence of desire.
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain or discomfort in your genitals.
•Tingling in your clitoris.
•Vaginal contractions.
•Vaginal lubrication.
•Unpredictable orgasms.
When assessing someone with the disorder, be certain to ask if the person is taking any
herbal remedies such as Gingko biloba because some of these can have arousal effects.

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PREMATURE EJACULATION
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual dysfunction where a
man ejaculates sooner than he or his partner desires during sexual
activity. It can lead to distress and affect relationships. Causes may
include psychological factors, biological factors, or a combination of
both. Techniques like behavioral therapy, medications, and topical
anesthetics are often used to manage PE. Consulting a healthcare
professional can provide personalized guidance based on individual
circumstances.

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CAUSES:
•Psychological Factors (Anxiety, performance pressure, and stress)
•Biological Factors (Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, hormonal imbalances)
•Genetic Predisposition
•Erectile Dysfunction.
•Prostate Issues

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
•Rapid Ejaculation: Ejaculating before you or your partner wish during sexual
activity.
•Lack of Control: Difficulty in delaying ejaculation despite wanting to last longer.
•Distress or Frustration: Feeling upset, anxious, or frustrated due to premature
ejaculation, which can affect your overall well-being and confidence.
•Impact on Relationships: Strain or dissatisfaction in sexual relationships due to the
perceived inadequacy in sexual performance.
P.S. It’s essential to note that occasional instances of early ejaculation are normal,
but persistent issues may warrant professional advice for diagnosis and appropriate
management

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RISK FACTORS:
Psychological Factors: Anxiety, stress, and relationship issues can contribute to
premature ejaculation.
Medical Conditions: Certain health conditions, such as erectile dysfunction, may
increase the likelihood of premature ejaculation.
Prostate Problems: Conditions affecting the prostate gland can be linked to ejaculatory
issues.
Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly serotonin, may
influence ejaculatory control it.

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TREATMENT:
Behavioral Techniques
Pelvic Floor Exercises
Counseling or Therapy
Medications
Topical Anesthetics
Educational Resources

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PAIN DISORDER:
 Pain disorders that affect sexual health are unique in that they cause pain
during sexual intercourse or pain related to sexual intercourse. Pain may be
experienced in different ways and at different times during or after
intercourse

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Common pain disorders related to sexual health include:

 Vaginismus
 Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) can be caused
 Vulvodynia (chronic vulvar pain)
 Vaginal dryness
 Peyronie’s disease

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VAGINISMUS
 Vaginismus is when the vagina suddenly tightens up when you try to
insert something into it. It can be painful and upsetting, but it can be
treated.
 Vaginismus is the body’s automatic reaction to the fear of some or all
types of vaginal penetration. Whenever penetration is attempted, your
vaginal muscles tighten up on their own.
 An involuntary contraction of the muscles at the outlet of vagina when
coitus is attempted that prohibits penile penetration.

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Causes of vaginismus
reasons for vaginismus are not always clear, but some things thought to cause it
include:
 fearing that your vagina is too small
 a bad first sexual experience
 an unpleasant medical examination
 believing sex is shameful or wrong
 a painful medical condition, like thrush

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Symptoms:
1. Discomfort or pain during vaginal penetration.
2. Inability to have sexual intercourse or undergo a pelvic exam due to vaginal
muscle spasms or pain.
3. Painful intercourse, which may occur only with penetration and may persist even
after withdrawal.
4. Tightness or a feeling of resistance in the vaginal muscles during attempted
penetration.
5. Fear or anxiety related to sexual activity or vaginal penetration.
6. Avoidance of sexual activity or difficulty in achieving sexual satisfaction.

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RISK FACTORS:
1. Traumatic Life Events
2. Childbirth
3. Surgery
4. Menopause
5. Psychological Factor
MANAGEMENT:
1. Education and Counseling:
2. Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
3. Vaginal Dilators
4. Topical Anesthetics
5. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
6. Partner Involvement

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DYSPAREUNIA AND VESTIBULITIS
 Dyspareunia – A persistent or recurrent pain That occurs just
before, during or after sex. In simple terms is pain during coitus.
 Vestibulitis- (vulvar vestibulitis) Pain around the vulva. The pain in
your vestibule which is a part of you vulva around the opening of
your vagina. Also termed a an inflammation of the vestibule.

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CAUSES:
 Dyspareunia:
• entry pain associated with not enough
lubrication
• medications
•injury, trauma or irration
•Certain illnesses or conditions
• emotional factors
• psychological issues
Vustibulitis causes and risk factors:
• Have human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Have a bacterial or yeast infection
• Have a sensitivity to products like soaps or
douches
• Have interstitial cystitis (painful bladder
syndrome) or endometriosis
• Have problems with the muscles that support your
bladder, uterus, vagina, or rectum
• Use harsh detergents s or soaps
• Use certain spermicides and lubricants
• Have gone through menopause
• Are under a lot of stress

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Dyspareunia:
If you have painful intercourse, you
might feel:
-Pain only at sexual entry (penetration)
-Pain with every penetration, including
putting in a tampon
-Deep pain during thrusting
-Burning pain or aching pain
-Throbbing pain, lasting hours after
intercourse
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Vestibulitis:
-Pain from pressure (sitting, biking, working out,
tight clothes, touch)
-Pain from sex or using a tampon
-A burning feeling
-Stinging
-Feeling raw
-Peeing a lot, or suddenly feeling like you have to
pee
-An unusual or irritating vaginal discharge
-Small red spots around the vestibular glands (just
inside the opending to you vagina)

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TREATMENT:
Dyspareunia:
 Medication ( osphena to treat mild to
severe dyspareunia to women with
problems of vaginal lubrication
 Desensitization therapy
 Counselling or sex therapy
 Lifestyle and home remidies
Vestibulitis:
• Medications such as antidepressants and
anticonvulsants

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