The document discusses the seven ancient wonders of the world, focusing on details about the Great Pyramid of Giza. It describes how the pyramids were built to house pharaohs' remains for their journey to the afterlife. An estimated workforce of 10,000 took 30 years to construct each pyramid. The pyramids and Sphinx were precisely aligned with astronomical features.

1. The classic seven wonders were:
• Great Pyramid of Giza.
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
• Statue of Zeus at Olympia.
• Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.
• Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
• Colossus of Rhodes.
• Lighthouse of Alexandria.

2. Guess this place???

3. • The pyramids of Giza and others are thought to have been
constructed to house the remains of the
deceased Pharaohswho ruled over Ancient Egypt.[3] A
portion of the Pharaoh's spirit called his ka was believed to
remain with his corpse. Proper care of the remains was
necessary in order for the "former Pharaoh to perform his
new duties as king of the dead." It's theorized the pyramid
not only served as a tomb for the Pharaoh, but also as a
storage pit for various items he would need in the afterlife.
"The people of Ancient Egypt believed that death on Earth
was the start of a journey to the next world. The embalmed
body of the King was entombed underneath or within the
pyramid to protect it and allow his transformation and
ascension to the afterlife

5. • ." Evidence from the tombs indicates that a
workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-
month shifts took around 30 years to build a
pyramid.

6. Tombs of the pyramid builders
• In 1990, tombs belonging to the pyramid workers were discovered
alongside the pyramids with an additional burial site found nearby in
2009. Although not mummified, they had been buried in mud-brick tombs
with beer and bread to support them in the afterlife. The tombs' proximity
to the pyramids and the manner of burial supports the theory that they
were paid laborers who took great pride in their work and were not slaves,
as was previously thought. The commonly held belief of slaves building the
pyramids was likely to have been popularized by Hollywood films based on
the original archaeological and anthropological opinion that they could
not have been built without forced labor. Evidence from the tombs
indicates that a workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-month
shifts took around 30 years to build a pyramid. Most of the workers
appear to have come from poor families. Farms supplied the laborers with
21 cattle and 23 sheep daily. Specialists such as architects, masons,
metalworkers and carpenters, were permanently employed by the king to
fill positions that required the most skill

8. Astronomy
The sides of all three of the Giza pyramids
were astronomically oriented to the north-south
and east-west within a small fraction of a degree.
Among recent attempts[18][19][20] to explain such a
clearly deliberate pattern are those of S. Haack,O.
Neugebauer, K. Spence, D. Rawlins, K. Pickering,
and J. Belmonte. The arrangement of the
pyramids is a representation of the Orion
constellation according to the disputed Orion
Correlation Theory.

10. Sphinx
• The Sphinx dates from the reign of
king Khafre.[7] During the New
Kingdom,Amenhotep II dedicated a new
temple to Hauron-Haremakhet and this
structure was added onto by later rulers.

12. Tomb of Queen Khentkaus I
• Khentkaus I was buried in Giza. Her tomb is
known as LG 100 and G 8400 and is located in
the Central Field, near the valley temple
of Menkaure. The pyramid complex of Queen
Khentkaus includes: her pyramid, a boat pit, a
valley temple and a pyramid town.

14. Khafre's pyramid complex
• Khafre’s pyramid complex consists of a valley temple, the
Sphinx temple, a causeway, a mortuary temple and the
king’s pyramid. The valley temple yielded several statues of
Khafre. Several were found in a well in the floor of the
temple by Mariette in 1860. Others were found during
successive excavations by Sieglin (1909–10), Junker, Reisner,
and Hassan. Khafre’s complex contained five boat-pits and
a subsidiary pyramid with a serdab.[6]:19–26 Khafre's pyramid
appears larger than the adjacent Khufu Pyramid by virtue
of its more elevated location, and the steeper angle of
inclination of its construction—it is, in fact, smaller in both
height and volume. Khafre's pyramid retains a prominent
display of casing stones at its apex

16. Khufu's pyramid complex
• Khufu’s pyramid complex consists of a valley temple, now buried
beneath the village of Nazlet el-Samman; basalt paving
and nummulitic limestone walls have been found but the site has
not been excavated.[4][5] The valley temple was connected to a
causeway which was largely destroyed when the village was
constructed. The causeway led to the Mortuary Temple of Khufu.
From this temple the basalt pavement is the only thing that
remains. The mortuary temple was connected to the king’s
pyramid. The king’s pyramid has three smaller queen’s pyramids
associated with it and five boat pits.[6]:11–19 The boat pits contained
a ship, and the 2 pits on the south side of the pyramid still
contained intact ships. One of these ships has been restored and is
on display. Khufu's pyramid still has a limited collection of casing
stones at its base. These casing stones were made of fine white
limestone quarried from the nearby range

17. Guess this place???

19. This copy of a bas relief from the
North Palace of Ashurbanipal (669–
631 BC) at Nineveh shows a luxurious
garden watered by an aqueduct.

20. Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
• There is some controversy as to whether the
Hanging Gardens were an actual construction or
a poetic creation, owing to the lack of
documentation in contemporaneous Babylonian
sources. There is also no mention of
Nebuchadnezzar's wife Amyitis (or any other
wives), although a political marriage to a Median
or Persian would not have been unusual.[15] Many
records exist of Nebuchadnezzar's works, yet his
long and complete inscriptions do not mention
any garden

21. photo of Assyrian wall relief showing
garden in the ancient city of Nineveh
(Mosul Iraq)

22. • There was a tradition of Assyrian royal garden building.
King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) describes what he had done:
• I dug out a canal from the (river) Upper Zab, cutting through a
mountain peak, and called it the Abundance Canal. I watered the
meadows of the Tigris and planted orchards with all kinds of fruit
trees in the vicinity. I planted seeds and plants that I had found in
the countries through which I had marched and in the highlands
which I had crossed: pines of different kinds, cypresses and junipers
of different kinds, almonds, dates, ebony, rosewood, olive, oak,
tamarisk, walnut, terebinth and ash, fir, pomegranate, pear, quince,
fig, grapevine.... The canal water gushes from above into the
garden; fragrance pervades the walkways, streams of water as
numerous as the stars of heaven flow in the pleasure garden.... Like
a squirrel I pick fruit in the garden of delights...

23. • Sennacherib is the only Mesopotamian king
who has left a record of his love for his wife –
a key part of the romantic classical story:
• And for Tashmetu-sharrat the palace woman,
my beloved wife, whose features the Mistress
of the Gods has made perfect above all other
women, I had a palace of loveliness, delight
and joy built...

24. Guess it???

25. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
• In the ancient world, there were many temples dedicated to Zeus,
the king of the Greekgods .But there was only one temple to Zeus
that housed one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
• The city-state of Olympia was a center of religious worship, and was
also the birthplace of the Olympic games. Believed to have begun in
776 BCE, the Olympic games demonstrated the physical prowess as
well as the political strength of the participating Greek poleis. The
Olympic games were considered to be a part of religious rituals that
revolved around the king of the Greek gods, Zeus. So it was only
fitting that a grand temple and an even grander cult representation
were constructed for the many Greeks who made pilgrimages there
in order to worship their father god.
• The temple itself acted merely as a protective home for the real
showpiece, the cult statue of Zeus himself.

27. PHEIDIAS' SCULPTURE
• The renowned Greek sculptor Pheidias
brought Zeus to life with his creation around
435 BCE. After creating the cult statue
of Athenafor the Parthenon, Pheidias left
Athens in shame as a result of a political
scandal and an erroneous embezzlement
charge. He immediately came to Olympia to
begin work on Zeus.

28. • Pheidias had developed a technique that
allowed his enormous creations of ivory and
precious metals to be formed without
crumbling under their own weight. Beginning
with a wooden frame built on site, he would
lay thin plates of ivory soaked in a liquid to
make them moldable, and place them upon
the mold along with sheets of gold (for Zeus
draping clothing). The pieces matched up
perfectly, and the joints were nearly invisible.

29. • The appearance of the statue must have been
imposing, impressive, and awe-inspiring. The
seated statue was over 40 feet tall. Zeus'
throne was just as impressive, constructed of
cedar and inlaid with ivory, gold, and ebony.
He held a statue of Nike, the Greek goddess of
victory, in his left hand, and a staff with an
eagle perched atop it in his right hand.