Session Six: Special Session On Conditional Grants Motivation And Issues, Meeting 2018

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Special Session on Condi onal Grants: Mo va on and Issues
Junghun Kim
Fiscal Policy Ins tute (FPI)
Chair, The OECD Network on Fiscal Rela ons across Levels of Government
20 November 2018

Intergovernmental ﬁscal rela ons of Korea
VFG of Korea is among the largest in the OECD countries
• condi onal grants play an important role to ﬁll the gap

Types of condi onal grants
∎ Condi onal grants to local government
• infrastructure, agriculture, environment, etc.
∎ Condi onal grants (cash transfers) to individuals (via local
governments with added matching)
• old-age allowance, child allowance, subsidies to farmer and ﬁsherman,
subsidies to nursery school and kindergarten, subsidies to R&D,
subsidies to cultural facili es and events, subsidies to environmental
cleaning, subsidies to health-care center, etc.

Mo va on: Targe ng the right recipients
Grants fraud & scams are prevalent in Korea

Mo va on: Targe ng the right recipients
Grants fraud is like tax evasion (criminal), so it happens everywhere.
As in the US ...

Mo va on: Targe ng the right recipients
... And also in Europe

How do we prevent grants fraud and scams? (1)
This ques on actually touches the core of public ﬁnance and
intergovernmental ﬁscal rela ons
① The design of administra ve and legal ins tu ons to maximize the
value for public money, regardless of whether it is spent by central
government or local governments
• US and EU seem to have much more sophis cated administra ve and
legal ins tu ons than Korea
② Does informa on technology help?
• in theory, it should but, in prac ce, it’s easier said than done when it
comes to fraud and scams
• however, according to the experience of Korea, introduc on of IT
technology in tax administra on has signiﬁcantly reduced tax evasion
and fraud

How do we prevent grants fraud and scams? (2)
③ Do local governments have incen ves to do their best to prevent
fraud and scams?
• when they are ordered or asked by central governments to spend their
me and eﬀorts to prevent fraud and scams
Does ﬁscal decentraliza on (e.g., block grants to LGs) make
governments and ci zens (grants recipients) behave more ra onally?
• or is it the other way around because local capacity and accountability is
weak?

We invite your thoughts and insights on any of these issues!

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