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This document summarizes a study comparing the life cycle impacts (LCIs) of wood pellets and switchgrass pellets. The study found that producing 1 ton of wood pellets results in lower impacts for smog, acidification, and global warming potential compared to producing 1 ton of switchgrass pellets. The higher impacts for switchgrass pellets are due to the fossil energy required to pelletize, grow, and transport the switchgrass.
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Sdrhcon2011 dangerfield
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Sdrhcon2011 armstrong
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1) Eddie Argenal presented on lessons learned from providing prefabricated shelters and settlements assistance following disasters like the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
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Session 4 ic2011 wang
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Session 7 ic2011 yochim
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1) The average recovery rate for converting lumber to garden furniture was 59.07%. Higher value species like Odum had higher recovery rates.
2) Producing garden furniture added significant value, with furniture prices averaging €2,000/m3 compared to €368/m3 for lumber.
3) Total production costs averaged €1,869/m3, leaving a 6.55% profit margin. Higher costs were found for scenarios where all costs went to furniture versus
Session 20 ic2011 hammett
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This document describes a study that used near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to develop calibrations to estimate wood properties (density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR)) of multiple pine species. Samples from 8 pine species growing in Brazil were collected and tested for wood properties. NIR spectra were collected on the radial and transverse faces. Calibrations using NIR spectra provided reasonably strong estimations of density, MOE, and MOR across all pine species. Transverse face spectra produced slightly better calibrations than radial face spectra. The lab-based FOSS static spectrometer produced the strongest calibrations overall.
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This document discusses whether test results should always be adjusted to 12% moisture content (MC). It presents results from an experiment testing different wood species, sizes, and treatments, including control and heat treatments. The wood samples were conditioned in different environments (condition chamber, outside air, enclosed over water) before mechanical testing. The document concludes that results should not be adjusted for MC if samples were conditioned under the same environment for sufficient time to equalize, and cites a previous editorial supporting not adjusting for MC differences caused by the treatment being tested.
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Session 4 ic2011 wang
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Session 7 ic2011 yochim
WoodWorks is expanding its pilot program to promote structural wood in commercial construction. The program originally focused on specific regions but will now operate nationwide. It has been successful through educating architects and engineers, providing technical assistance, and supporting projects from design through construction. Over 500 building conversions have been achieved already worth over $128 million. New focus areas include engaging with national accounts on multiple building projects, promoting mid-rise wood buildings, targeting the school market, and developing building systems using cross laminated timber and tall wood walls. "Wood champions" who advocate for wood will influence other initiatives. Tools used in outreach include carbon calculators and an online resource center.
Session 8 ic2011 dadzie
The document discusses value addition to wood resources through the production and export of garden furniture in Ghana. It analyzes the recovery rates and costs associated with converting lumber to garden furniture for 11 wood species used. Key findings include:
1) The average recovery rate for converting lumber to garden furniture was 59.07%. Higher value species like Odum had higher recovery rates.
2) Producing garden furniture added significant value, with furniture prices averaging €2,000/m3 compared to €368/m3 for lumber.
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Session 20 ic2011 hammett
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship in the forest products industry in southern Malawi. The study aimed to identify the characteristics of entrepreneurs in Malawi's distressed economic environment. It found that most forest product entrepreneurs were necessity-driven with only primary education and little business experience. Key success factors included honest business practices, negotiation skills, adequate finances, and vocational training. Entrepreneurs faced challenges such as lack of capital, desired business training, low customer incomes, deforestation, and lack of wood drying and basic power tools. Some innovated by creating lathes and utilizing new tree species. The study provides insights into entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa's informal sector.
Session 24 ic2011 darby
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Session 24 ic2011 nyrud
Wood interiors may provide health benefits in hospitals. A study examined the effects of wood, nature elements, and artwork in patient rooms. Focus groups found preferences for material variety and contrasts. An online survey showed intermediate wood use was most liked in patient rooms. A hospital study found no significant differences between rooms with paintings, nature, or wood on patient outcomes like pain or stress. More research is needed on how nature benefits health in different contexts.
Session 16 ic2011 schimleck
This document describes using time domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure moisture content in green hardwood logs stored in wet decks. It details developing calibration curves to predict moisture content from TDR readings for various hardwood species. Two field studies were conducted with treatments of nominal and reduced sprinkler rates to evaluate TDR for monitoring moisture content in operational wet decks over time. The results indicate TDR is effective for measuring hardwood moisture content and applicable to monitoring wet decks.
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This document describes a study that used near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to develop calibrations to estimate wood properties (density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR)) of multiple pine species. Samples from 8 pine species growing in Brazil were collected and tested for wood properties. NIR spectra were collected on the radial and transverse faces. Calibrations using NIR spectra provided reasonably strong estimations of density, MOE, and MOR across all pine species. Transverse face spectra produced slightly better calibrations than radial face spectra. The lab-based FOSS static spectrometer produced the strongest calibrations overall.
Session 1 ic2011 patterson
This document discusses whether test results should always be adjusted to 12% moisture content (MC). It presents results from an experiment testing different wood species, sizes, and treatments, including control and heat treatments. The wood samples were conditioned in different environments (condition chamber, outside air, enclosed over water) before mechanical testing. The document concludes that results should not be adjusted for MC if samples were conditioned under the same environment for sufficient time to equalize, and cites a previous editorial supporting not adjusting for MC differences caused by the treatment being tested.
Session 26 ic2011 harlin
This document discusses novel hemicellulose materials based on wood pulps being developed at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. VTT is investing heavily in industrial biomaterials research with 75 person years in 2009 increasing to 125 person years by 2013. This research combines multidisciplinary expertise to develop breakthrough applications for renewing industries using high performing biomass-based materials. Specific technologies discussed include hemicellulose dispersions for barriers with promising oxygen and moisture barrier properties. Soluble xylan derivatives are also discussed which form transparent, flexible films with good oxygen barrier performance.
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Session 17 ic2011 taylor
- 1. LCIs of Wood & Switchgrass Pellets Daniel Reed1 P. David Jones2 Jae-Woo Kim1 Chris Knowles3 Adam Taylor1 Maureen Puettmann4 David Harper1 Don Hodges1 1Universityof Tennessee 2Mississippi State University 3Oregon State University 4 WoodLife Environmental Consultants, LLC
- 3. Spelter and Toth 2009
- 4. Smog Respiratory switchgrass wood effects oil oil transport electricity natural gas bag electricity Acidification Global warming potential 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Wood (normalized impact) Switchgrass (normalized to wood)
- 5. Bio-energy in 1 ton Bio-energy in 1 ton of wood pellets (16.4 of switchgrass mmbtu) pellets (15.5 mmbtu) Fossil energy to pelletize SG Fossil energy Fossil energy to (2.4 mmbtu) to pelletize grow SG Fossil energy to (2.1 mmbtu) (0.6 mmbtu) make the wood residues (3.7 mmbtu)
- 7. Thanks • Wood Education and Resource Center, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture