This document discusses strategies and initiatives to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding globally and in the United States. It outlines the history and goals of the WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, including increasing rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Barriers to breastfeeding in the US are also examined along with national targets and efforts to create an optimal environment for breastfeeding success.
This document outlines topics to discuss with pregnant women including information needed for breastfeeding, effective and ineffective breast preparation, identifying women who need extra attention, discussing information with HIV-positive women, and practicing communication skills to discuss breastfeeding.
The document provides guidance on effective communication skills when working with new mothers. It emphasizes the importance of listening without judgment, understanding the mother's unique experiences and perspective, acknowledging her strengths and concerns, and collaborating on a care plan. The focus is on patient-centered care that respects cultural diversity and builds the mother's confidence through empathy, open-ended questions, affirmation and providing relevant support and resources.
This document discusses best practices for supporting breastfeeding from labor through the first hours after birth. It recommends minimizing separation of mother and baby, avoiding unnecessary procedures, and promoting early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding. Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) improves breastfeeding rates and child health by establishing protocols that emphasize the critical early postpartum period for breastfeeding success.
This document discusses marketing of breastmilk substitutes and outlines steps health workers can take to protect families. It summarizes the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes which calls on governments to regulate marketing that promotes artificial feeding. The document also outlines appropriate responses to donations of breastmilk substitutes in emergency situations, noting the importance of continued breastfeeding support and the risks of powdered infant formula use.
The document discusses important steps for establishing correct breastfeeding from the beginning. It outlines infant feeding cues that mothers should learn to recognize like rooting and lip smacking. Getting the baby to latch on properly is crucial and involves positioning the baby's body against the mother's with the baby's head facing the breast. Ensuring correct latch helps avoid problems like nipple damage or poor milk transfer that could lead the mother to stop breastfeeding. Hospital practices like immediate skin-to-skin contact and keeping mother and baby together support correct latch.
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of lactation. It discusses:
1) How milk moves from the alveoli in the breast through ducts to the nipple, where it is removed by the baby's suckling.
2) The hormones prolactin and oxytocin control milk production and letdown. Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis and oxytocin causes milk ejection in response to suckling.
3) For milk production to continue, the baby must remove milk from the breast effectively through proper latch and suckling to stimulate these hormones.
This document discusses several practices that can assist breastfeeding, including rooming-in where the baby stays in the same room as the mother, baby-led feeding on baby's cues, assuring exclusive breastfeeding, and avoiding extra suckling and feeding from pacifiers or bottles. The benefits of these practices are outlined such as increased breastfeeding duration and success, as well as barriers and solutions to implementing them.
This document discusses strategies for breastfeeding special needs infants, including those born preterm or with low birth weight. It outlines recommendations for pumping and storing breastmilk, as well as supporting skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding. The document also describes managing common clinical issues like jaundice, hypoglycemia, and dehydration. Finally, it notes that while breastmilk is usually best, in rare cases of inborn errors of metabolism, special formulas may be needed.
This document outlines topics to discuss with pregnant women including information needed for breastfeeding, effective and ineffective breast preparation, identifying women who need extra attention, discussing information with HIV-positive women, and practicing communication skills to discuss breastfeeding.
The document provides guidance on effective communication skills when working with new mothers. It emphasizes the importance of listening without judgment, understanding the mother's unique experiences and perspective, acknowledging her strengths and concerns, and collaborating on a care plan. The focus is on patient-centered care that respects cultural diversity and builds the mother's confidence through empathy, open-ended questions, affirmation and providing relevant support and resources.
This document discusses best practices for supporting breastfeeding from labor through the first hours after birth. It recommends minimizing separation of mother and baby, avoiding unnecessary procedures, and promoting early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding. Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) improves breastfeeding rates and child health by establishing protocols that emphasize the critical early postpartum period for breastfeeding success.
This document discusses marketing of breastmilk substitutes and outlines steps health workers can take to protect families. It summarizes the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes which calls on governments to regulate marketing that promotes artificial feeding. The document also outlines appropriate responses to donations of breastmilk substitutes in emergency situations, noting the importance of continued breastfeeding support and the risks of powdered infant formula use.
The document discusses important steps for establishing correct breastfeeding from the beginning. It outlines infant feeding cues that mothers should learn to recognize like rooting and lip smacking. Getting the baby to latch on properly is crucial and involves positioning the baby's body against the mother's with the baby's head facing the breast. Ensuring correct latch helps avoid problems like nipple damage or poor milk transfer that could lead the mother to stop breastfeeding. Hospital practices like immediate skin-to-skin contact and keeping mother and baby together support correct latch.
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of lactation. It discusses:
1) How milk moves from the alveoli in the breast through ducts to the nipple, where it is removed by the baby's suckling.
2) The hormones prolactin and oxytocin control milk production and letdown. Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis and oxytocin causes milk ejection in response to suckling.
3) For milk production to continue, the baby must remove milk from the breast effectively through proper latch and suckling to stimulate these hormones.
This document discusses several practices that can assist breastfeeding, including rooming-in where the baby stays in the same room as the mother, baby-led feeding on baby's cues, assuring exclusive breastfeeding, and avoiding extra suckling and feeding from pacifiers or bottles. The benefits of these practices are outlined such as increased breastfeeding duration and success, as well as barriers and solutions to implementing them.
This document discusses strategies for breastfeeding special needs infants, including those born preterm or with low birth weight. It outlines recommendations for pumping and storing breastmilk, as well as supporting skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding. The document also describes managing common clinical issues like jaundice, hypoglycemia, and dehydration. Finally, it notes that while breastmilk is usually best, in rare cases of inborn errors of metabolism, special formulas may be needed.
This document discusses concerns about low milk supply in mothers and strategies to address this issue. It covers normal breastfeeding and infant growth patterns, factors that influence milk production, signs of inadequate milk intake in infants, and interventions to improve milk supply and transfer. These include ensuring proper latch and frequent, on-demand feedings to stimulate milk production as well as monitoring mothers and infants to identify and address supply issues. The goal is to provide appropriate support to establish and maintain a sufficient milk supply through education and early intervention.
The document provides guidance on expressing and handling breast milk when an infant cannot feed at the breast, including recommended expression techniques and protocols, storage and handling of expressed milk, and supplemental feeding options such as cup feeding. It outlines best practices for safely providing an infant with expressed breast milk from their own mother or a donor to maximize the benefits of human milk.
The document discusses Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment and how BFHI can be included in existing programs. It describes the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding that facilities must demonstrate compliance with to be BFHI designated. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of breastfeeding benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding maintenance, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging unrestricted breastfeeding, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. It also outlines the BFHI assessment process and pathways to designation.
This document discusses contraindications and guidelines relating to breastfeeding and maternal medication. It states that maternal contraindications to breastfeeding are rare, with the main conditions being HIV and HTLV-1. Some infectious diseases like tuberculosis are compatible with breastfeeding if treatment is initiated. The only infant contraindication is galactosemia. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for other conditions if supplemented. Guidance is provided on managing breastfeeding, nutrition, contraception, and minimizing medication in breastmilk. Resources for drug information are also listed.
The document discusses the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) which aims to promote breastfeeding globally through hospitals. It was launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF. The initiative encourages hospitals to follow the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding" and aims to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates worldwide. Indian hospitals are working to implement the BFHI through staff training, monitoring breastfeeding practices, and certifying hospitals as "Baby-Friendly". The document also provides definitions and recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding and the benefits it provides infants and mothers.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding. It was created by the WHO and UNICEF. The BFHI has 10 steps that hospitals should follow to support breastfeeding, such as helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, rooming-in, and not providing any supplements without a medical reason. Following these 10 steps can save lives by promoting breastfeeding. The document also discusses how hospitals can be assessed for BFHI certification.
The document provides information on examining a mother's breasts and nipples for conditions like flat or inverted nipples, sore or cracked nipples, engorgement, plugged ducts, mastitis, breast abscesses, and candida infections. It describes the causes, signs, prevention and management strategies for each condition. The strategies aim to promote effective breastfeeding and drainage while providing pain relief to mothers experiencing breast or nipple problems.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote breastfeeding through 10 steps implemented in maternity facilities. It also describes the International Code of Marketing of Breastfeeding Substitutes, which sets standards to protect breastfeeding and ensures product marketing does not undermine it. Proper breastfeeding technique involves positioning the baby, holding the breast, and allowing the baby to latch effectively.
Breast fedding health talk with lesson plan use in OBG and pediatric Assignm...sonal patel
The document summarizes a health talk on the important techniques of breastfeeding given to postnatal mothers. It discusses the definition of breastfeeding, advantages for both baby and mother, proper positioning and attachment, signs of adequate feeding, and steps for successful breastfeeding. The objectives of the talk were to explain the benefits of breastfeeding, demonstrate positions, describe signs of good attachment, and discuss how to achieve successful breastfeeding.
The goals of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative are to transform maternity facilities through implementing the Ten Steps to support breastfeeding and to end the distribution of free breast milk substitutes. The Ten Steps provide a framework for hospitals and maternity wards to support breastfeeding through practices like immediate skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, teaching breastfeeding techniques, and not providing pacifiers or bottles. The Initiative aims to improve infant nutrition and health outcomes by promoting and protecting breastfeeding.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to implement practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding globally. The aims of BFHI are to follow the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and end free distribution of breast milk substitutes in healthcare facilities. The Ten Steps include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women about benefits of breastfeeding, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, and fostering breastfeeding support groups.
This document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote breastfeeding globally. The key goals of BFHI are to implement the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in hospitals and end the distribution of breastmilk substitutes. The Ten Steps provide guidelines for optimal breastfeeding practices in health facilities. The document also summarizes the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and the role of hospitals in upholding the Code. Finally, it discusses the Global Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding, which aims to improve nutrition and health through optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and exclusive breastfeeding. It begins by defining the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative as a program introduced in 1991 by the WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding. It outlines the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding that hospitals must follow to receive Baby Friendly designation. Each step is then discussed in more detail, including establishing breastfeeding policies, training healthcare staff, rooming-in, breastfeeding on demand, and providing post-discharge support groups. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months are emphasized, such as perfect nutrition, immunity, and bonding.
Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus. Toxins from drugs, alcohol, or tobacco used by the mother may pass through the placenta to the fetus. This can cause short or long-term effects in the infant such as withdrawal symptoms, feeding problems, birth defects affecting organs like the heart or brain, and an increased risk of SIDS. Treatment for affected infants focuses on limiting overstimulation and providing comfort through tender loving care, while also using medicines to slowly wean infants born dependent on substances. Long-term therapies may be needed for infants with organ damage or developmental issues.
The document is a 20-hour course from UNICEF and WHO on promoting and supporting breastfeeding in baby-friendly hospitals. The course aims to train staff so they can confidently assist mothers with early and exclusive breastfeeding and help facilities achieve baby-friendly designation. It covers topics like the global strategy for infant feeding, the baby-friendly hospital initiative, breastfeeding techniques, challenges, and developing an implementation plan. The document provides guidance through text and illustrations.
This document outlines essential competencies for midwifery practice, including: assuming responsibility for own decisions and self-care; using research to inform practice while upholding human rights; facilitating normal birth processes and assessing health status; recognizing conditions outside midwifery scope and referring appropriately; providing antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care; and detecting and managing complications while promoting physiologic labor and breastfeeding. The competencies cover pre-pregnancy through postpartum care for healthy and high-risk women and newborns.
Maternal and child health issues can be influenced by several factors such as lifestyle, socio-cultural aspects, nutrition, psychology, gender, sexuality, and maternal age. Key issues include maternal age increasing risks of pregnancy complications; gender discrimination affecting care for female babies; and nutrition playing a critical role in pregnancy outcomes but being impacted by poverty and busy schedules. Socio-cultural factors like religious beliefs, views of pregnancy, and concerns for modesty also influence maternal health behaviors and utilization of prenatal care services.
- The psychological support for preparation of labour during labour pain
- Psychological support during labour pain.
- The physical care for labour pain.
This document discusses the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes. It was developed to promote breastfeeding and ensure proper use of breastmilk substitutes. The Code aims to protect breastfeeding by restricting inappropriate marketing of substitutes. It outlines key marketing practices baby food companies should not engage in, such as giving free samples to mothers or gifts/subsidies to hospitals. The Code also specifies labeling requirements. Monitoring is done to evaluate compliance with the Code globally and protect breastfeeding from commercial interference. Controversies have occurred over aggressive marketing of substitutes in developing nations, such as the 1977 "Nestle boycott" protest.
Celebrating world breast feeding week(1 st aug 7thLinda Sapam
The document discusses World Breastfeeding Week, which is celebrated annually from August 1-7. It summarizes the history and objectives of the week, including the Innocenti Declaration of 1990 promoting breastfeeding. The theme for 2012 is "Understanding the Past, Planning for the Future," recognizing 20 years of progress while calling for continued action to support breastfeeding policies and programs. The International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) is also summarized as working globally since 1979 to promote breastfeeding and optimal infant feeding.
This document discusses concerns about low milk supply in mothers and strategies to address this issue. It covers normal breastfeeding and infant growth patterns, factors that influence milk production, signs of inadequate milk intake in infants, and interventions to improve milk supply and transfer. These include ensuring proper latch and frequent, on-demand feedings to stimulate milk production as well as monitoring mothers and infants to identify and address supply issues. The goal is to provide appropriate support to establish and maintain a sufficient milk supply through education and early intervention.
The document provides guidance on expressing and handling breast milk when an infant cannot feed at the breast, including recommended expression techniques and protocols, storage and handling of expressed milk, and supplemental feeding options such as cup feeding. It outlines best practices for safely providing an infant with expressed breast milk from their own mother or a donor to maximize the benefits of human milk.
The document discusses Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) assessment and how BFHI can be included in existing programs. It describes the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding that facilities must demonstrate compliance with to be BFHI designated. These include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women of breastfeeding benefits, helping initiate breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, teaching breastfeeding maintenance, giving only breastmilk to infants, practicing rooming-in, encouraging unrestricted breastfeeding, and fostering breastfeeding support groups. It also outlines the BFHI assessment process and pathways to designation.
This document discusses contraindications and guidelines relating to breastfeeding and maternal medication. It states that maternal contraindications to breastfeeding are rare, with the main conditions being HIV and HTLV-1. Some infectious diseases like tuberculosis are compatible with breastfeeding if treatment is initiated. The only infant contraindication is galactosemia. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for other conditions if supplemented. Guidance is provided on managing breastfeeding, nutrition, contraception, and minimizing medication in breastmilk. Resources for drug information are also listed.
The document discusses the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) which aims to promote breastfeeding globally through hospitals. It was launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF. The initiative encourages hospitals to follow the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding" and aims to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates worldwide. Indian hospitals are working to implement the BFHI through staff training, monitoring breastfeeding practices, and certifying hospitals as "Baby-Friendly". The document also provides definitions and recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding and the benefits it provides infants and mothers.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding. It was created by the WHO and UNICEF. The BFHI has 10 steps that hospitals should follow to support breastfeeding, such as helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, rooming-in, and not providing any supplements without a medical reason. Following these 10 steps can save lives by promoting breastfeeding. The document also discusses how hospitals can be assessed for BFHI certification.
The document provides information on examining a mother's breasts and nipples for conditions like flat or inverted nipples, sore or cracked nipples, engorgement, plugged ducts, mastitis, breast abscesses, and candida infections. It describes the causes, signs, prevention and management strategies for each condition. The strategies aim to promote effective breastfeeding and drainage while providing pain relief to mothers experiencing breast or nipple problems.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote breastfeeding through 10 steps implemented in maternity facilities. It also describes the International Code of Marketing of Breastfeeding Substitutes, which sets standards to protect breastfeeding and ensures product marketing does not undermine it. Proper breastfeeding technique involves positioning the baby, holding the breast, and allowing the baby to latch effectively.
Breast fedding health talk with lesson plan use in OBG and pediatric Assignm...sonal patel
The document summarizes a health talk on the important techniques of breastfeeding given to postnatal mothers. It discusses the definition of breastfeeding, advantages for both baby and mother, proper positioning and attachment, signs of adequate feeding, and steps for successful breastfeeding. The objectives of the talk were to explain the benefits of breastfeeding, demonstrate positions, describe signs of good attachment, and discuss how to achieve successful breastfeeding.
The goals of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative are to transform maternity facilities through implementing the Ten Steps to support breastfeeding and to end the distribution of free breast milk substitutes. The Ten Steps provide a framework for hospitals and maternity wards to support breastfeeding through practices like immediate skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, teaching breastfeeding techniques, and not providing pacifiers or bottles. The Initiative aims to improve infant nutrition and health outcomes by promoting and protecting breastfeeding.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to implement practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding globally. The aims of BFHI are to follow the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and end free distribution of breast milk substitutes in healthcare facilities. The Ten Steps include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, informing pregnant women about benefits of breastfeeding, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, and fostering breastfeeding support groups.
This document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), which aims to promote breastfeeding globally. The key goals of BFHI are to implement the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in hospitals and end the distribution of breastmilk substitutes. The Ten Steps provide guidelines for optimal breastfeeding practices in health facilities. The document also summarizes the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and the role of hospitals in upholding the Code. Finally, it discusses the Global Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding, which aims to improve nutrition and health through optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
The document discusses the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and exclusive breastfeeding. It begins by defining the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative as a program introduced in 1991 by the WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding. It outlines the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding that hospitals must follow to receive Baby Friendly designation. Each step is then discussed in more detail, including establishing breastfeeding policies, training healthcare staff, rooming-in, breastfeeding on demand, and providing post-discharge support groups. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months are emphasized, such as perfect nutrition, immunity, and bonding.
Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus. Toxins from drugs, alcohol, or tobacco used by the mother may pass through the placenta to the fetus. This can cause short or long-term effects in the infant such as withdrawal symptoms, feeding problems, birth defects affecting organs like the heart or brain, and an increased risk of SIDS. Treatment for affected infants focuses on limiting overstimulation and providing comfort through tender loving care, while also using medicines to slowly wean infants born dependent on substances. Long-term therapies may be needed for infants with organ damage or developmental issues.
The document is a 20-hour course from UNICEF and WHO on promoting and supporting breastfeeding in baby-friendly hospitals. The course aims to train staff so they can confidently assist mothers with early and exclusive breastfeeding and help facilities achieve baby-friendly designation. It covers topics like the global strategy for infant feeding, the baby-friendly hospital initiative, breastfeeding techniques, challenges, and developing an implementation plan. The document provides guidance through text and illustrations.
This document outlines essential competencies for midwifery practice, including: assuming responsibility for own decisions and self-care; using research to inform practice while upholding human rights; facilitating normal birth processes and assessing health status; recognizing conditions outside midwifery scope and referring appropriately; providing antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care; and detecting and managing complications while promoting physiologic labor and breastfeeding. The competencies cover pre-pregnancy through postpartum care for healthy and high-risk women and newborns.
Maternal and child health issues can be influenced by several factors such as lifestyle, socio-cultural aspects, nutrition, psychology, gender, sexuality, and maternal age. Key issues include maternal age increasing risks of pregnancy complications; gender discrimination affecting care for female babies; and nutrition playing a critical role in pregnancy outcomes but being impacted by poverty and busy schedules. Socio-cultural factors like religious beliefs, views of pregnancy, and concerns for modesty also influence maternal health behaviors and utilization of prenatal care services.
- The psychological support for preparation of labour during labour pain
- Psychological support during labour pain.
- The physical care for labour pain.
This document discusses the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes. It was developed to promote breastfeeding and ensure proper use of breastmilk substitutes. The Code aims to protect breastfeeding by restricting inappropriate marketing of substitutes. It outlines key marketing practices baby food companies should not engage in, such as giving free samples to mothers or gifts/subsidies to hospitals. The Code also specifies labeling requirements. Monitoring is done to evaluate compliance with the Code globally and protect breastfeeding from commercial interference. Controversies have occurred over aggressive marketing of substitutes in developing nations, such as the 1977 "Nestle boycott" protest.
Celebrating world breast feeding week(1 st aug 7thLinda Sapam
The document discusses World Breastfeeding Week, which is celebrated annually from August 1-7. It summarizes the history and objectives of the week, including the Innocenti Declaration of 1990 promoting breastfeeding. The theme for 2012 is "Understanding the Past, Planning for the Future," recognizing 20 years of progress while calling for continued action to support breastfeeding policies and programs. The International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) is also summarized as working globally since 1979 to promote breastfeeding and optimal infant feeding.
it is uploaded for paramedics & nursing faculties to teach their students & also helps & create awareness about breast feeding practices to decrease the infant mortality rate.
International MotherBaby Childbirth Initiative scottpenwell
The document outlines the 10 steps of the International MotherBaby Childbirth Initiative (IMBCI) which was developed to promote optimal maternity care globally. The IMBCI was informed by surveys of organizations in over 160 countries that showed high agreement with the Mother-Friendly Childbirth Initiative's 10 steps. The 10 steps focus on respectful care, non-intervention in normal birth, pain management options, immediate skin-to-skin contact and more to support normal physiology and avoid unnecessary practices. The goal is to implement an optimal model of care that promotes health and wellbeing of women and babies.
"Experiência de paíse com a IHAC = BFHI"
Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative 2016
Experiência de 13 países são relatadas: Bolívia, Brasil, China, Gana, Irlanda, Quênia, Kuwait, Quirguistão, Nova Zelândia, Filipinas , Arábia Saudita, EUA e Vietname.
Demonstra que precisamos fortalecer e aprimorar esse programa mundial em defesa do estabelecimento da Amamentação nas Maternidades, Casas de Parto, Centros de Nascimento.
This document discusses working together to support breastfeeding through various means such as creating an online platform, finding partners, sharing experiences, and assessing achievements. It emphasizes sustaining collaboration to achieve long-term goals like the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 by working across sectors and generations. The online platform outlined can help identify gaps and actions, find potential partners, and share and learn from experiences to assess and plan future actions in supporting breastfeeding.
APOIO À AMAMENTAÇÃO NO LOCAL DE TRABALHO: UM GUIA GLOBAL PARA EMPREGADORES
Breastfeeding support in the workplace: a global guide for employers
Este documento fornece recomendações que visam ajudar os empregadores a estabelecer salas de amamentação e ambientes de trabalho de apoio para as trabalhadoras e suas famílias. Destaca os benefícios do apoio à amamentação para a empresa, para a mãe e o filho, para a sociedade e para o meio ambiente e orienta sobre como apoiar a amamentação durante o COVID-19.
Documento em inglês
Parabéns para o Unicef
Amamentação é direito da Mulher Trabalhadora!
The UN Millennium Development Goals aimed to reduce poverty and improve health by 2015 through 8 focus areas set globally and locally. Breastfeeding provides health benefits to both mother and baby by reducing infections and diseases. The WHO, UNICEF, and TJC promote exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative's 10 steps aim to improve breastfeeding support through policies, education, early skin-to-skin contact and rooming-in practices. Increasing provider buy-in and adjusting practices like rooming-in can help increase breastfeeding exclusivity rates to promote health.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a joint program between the WHO and UNICEF that promotes exclusive breastfeeding. Over 20,000 hospitals in 156 countries have been designated "Baby-Friendly" by following the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. In the US, Baby-Friendly USA oversees the designation process, though American breastfeeding rates remain low compared to other developed nations. While the BFHI has improved breastfeeding support worldwide, its impact in the US may be limited as hospitals are now incentivized by other agencies to improve breastfeeding metrics. Some argue the "Baby-Friendly" designation has become more of a marketing tool than a program focused on improving mother and baby health
The document summarizes the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, which aims to make hospitals and birthing centers centers of breastfeeding support. It outlines the 10 steps of the initiative, including establishing written breastfeeding policies, training staff, rooming-in, and not providing breastmilk substitutes. Implementing these steps could save 1.5 million lives annually by promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The document also describes the process for facilities to become Baby-Friendly designated through a self-appraisal and external assessment against global criteria.
World Breastfeeding Week is celebrated annually from August 1-7 to promote exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for up to two years. The goals are to understand how breastfeeding helps achieve Millennium Development Goals like reducing poverty and child mortality, assess progress on improving infant and young child feeding, and stimulate interest in breastfeeding's importance. Breastfeeding exclusively for six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years can improve child survival rates by 20% and contributes to achieving all eight Millennium Development Goals. The document advocates for supporting breastfeeding through enabling environments and discouraging artificial feeding.
The document outlines the 10 steps of the WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative launched in 1991 to ensure hospitals, maternity facilities, and communities support breastfeeding. The 10 steps include having a written breastfeeding policy, training staff, helping mothers initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth, and not providing breastfed infants with any food or drink other than breastmilk unless medically necessary. Implementing the 10 steps could save an estimated 1.5 million lives worldwide each year if every baby was exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months.
This document discusses approaches to promoting breastfeeding among pregnant women. It begins by outlining the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative from WHO and UNICEF to advocate increasing breastfeeding rates. Improved breastfeeding could save thousands of children's lives daily. The Innocenti Declaration established breastfeeding as the global goal for health and called on governments to develop breastfeeding policies. Many US agencies and organizations support breastfeeding, though rates remain below goals. The document emphasizes the importance of educational, social and institutional support for breastfeeding mothers.
This document provides an introduction and resources for Illinois maternity hospitals to implement breastfeeding quality improvement initiatives as required by new state legislation. It includes an overview of establishing a multi-disciplinary breastfeeding committee, conducting baseline assessments of current practices, developing a hospital infant feeding policy, monitoring progress through data collection, and strategies for facilitating practice changes. Templates are provided for committee membership lists, meeting minutes, assessments, and data reporting to support hospitals in meeting the new requirements.
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative aims to implement the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and end the distribution of free breastmilk substitutes to health facilities. This supports the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, which promotes exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for two years or more to improve infant nutrition, growth, health and survival. The course teaches staff communication skills and practices to confidently support mothers in early and exclusive breastfeeding so the facility can achieve Baby-Friendly designation.
The document discusses several international health agencies including WHO and UNICEF. It provides details on their establishment, goals, activities, and collaboration with Indian agencies. WHO works to promote health and prevent disease worldwide. It aims to achieve 'Health for All'. UNICEF was established in 1946 to help children in need and works to support child survival, development, protection, education, and HIV/AIDS prevention. Its GOBI campaign promotes growth monitoring, oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunization.
The document discusses optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices as outlined by the WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy for IYCF. It recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life followed by continued breastfeeding plus complementary foods from six months to two years of age or beyond. The document outlines specific IYCF objectives, guidelines, and recommendations including early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and continued breastfeeding. It discusses the role of IYCF in child survival, growth, and development and provides considerations for special situations like HIV/AIDS, prematurity, and emergencies.
This document discusses merging or augmenting course sites on Blackboard. It provides examples of when merging or augmenting may be useful, such as for multiple sections, co-taught sections, or co-listed sections. It describes the difference between merging sites, which hides the original sites, and augmenting sites, which makes items shared in a combined site but keeps original sites visible. It also provides instructions for how to request that course sites be merged or augmented by emailing Blackboard support with the course details and specifying whether a merge or augment is needed.
This document discusses how to use a wiki in a Blackboard course. A wiki allows for collaborative writing and editing of content. Wikis can be used for group work, authentic audiences, and writing to learn. To set up a wiki in Blackboard, an instructor first organizes the content and creates a wiki document. They then generate wiki pages and links between pages. The instructor also adds a link from their course to the wiki. Finally, the wiki can be assessed through participation and grading features.
Blackboard Learn Course Customization: Teaching Styles and PropertiesUniversity of Miami
This document discusses how to customize courses by selecting teaching styles and properties. It explains that customization allows instructors to differentiate, organize, plan, and assist students. Teaching styles and properties can be found and selected on specific pages in the course customization tool. The document also provides a demonstration of customizing courses using styles and properties.
This document provides an overview of the Blackboard Calendar tool for instructors. It explains that the Calendar can be used to remind students of upcoming due dates, manually add items like lectures, drag and drop items to move them, and bulk move due dates. It also advertises an upcoming demonstration of the Calendar tool by Bill Vilberg and provides his contact information for questions.
The document discusses Blackboard Mobile, which allows students at UMiami to access course sites, announcements, documents and participate in discussions on their mobile devices. It highlights features like taking tests, using the Respondus Lockdown browser, and integrating with Dropbox and Google Docs. The slides are available online and it encourages keeping the app updated as mobile learning is still a work in progress at the university.
This document provides instructions for creating online sign-up sheets for student presentations using Blackboard Groups. It outlines creating a group set with sign-up sheets only and no other tools enabled. It then explains how to add a tool link to the main menu to make the sign-up sheets available for students to view and sign up for presentation time slots on specific dates.
SafeAssign is a plagiarism detection tool available through Blackboard that analyzes student assignments for originality. When an instructor creates a SafeAssignment, students submit their work which is analyzed on an external server. A report is then made available to both the student and instructor showing how much of the submitted content matches content in SafeAssign's databases, which include the internet, academic databases, and submissions from other institutions. SafeAssign is used across various disciplines at the university, with over 3,000 submissions and 187 assignments in the spring 2014 semester alone.
Flipping the Classroom: Flipping a Lesson Using Bloom's Taxonomy University of Miami
This document discusses flipping the classroom using Bloom's Taxonomy. It defines flipping as receiving instruction at home (through videos or other media) and doing homework and processing the material in class. The document recommends determining a "cognitive cutoff" point based on Bloom's Taxonomy to decide what content is covered at home versus in class. A six step process is outlined for flipping a lesson that involves writing objectives, organizing by Bloom's level, determining the cognitive cutoff, planning pre-class and in-class activities, and evaluating results to improve the lesson. Potential uses, concerns, and implications of flipping are also addressed.
O documento discute a importância da higiene das mãos para prevenir infecções hospitalares. Estimativas indicam que mais de 1,4 milhão de pessoas no mundo sofrem de infecções adquiridas em hospitais, causando custos significativos. A lavagem correta das mãos é a estratégia fundamental para reduzir a disseminação de microrganismos entre pacientes e profissionais de saúde.
O documento discute prioridades de pesquisa em enfermagem na área de segurança dos pacientes. Aborda a importância da produção de conhecimento científico para melhorar a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde. Também destaca desafios como o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança e estudos sobre a percepção de profissionais e pacientes em relação aos riscos na assistência à saúde.
O documento discute o papel crucial das enfermeiras na promoção da segurança do paciente. Ele destaca que as enfermeiras são agentes-chave para liderar iniciativas de segurança do paciente e implementar ações comprovadas para reduzir eventos adversos. No entanto, muitos desafios institucionais e culturais dificultam esses esforços, como a falta de mudança cultural e sistemas inadequados. É necessária uma liderança forte e uma cultura de aprendizado para criar um ambiente seguro para os pacientes.
La violencia doméstica ocurre en todas las poblaciones y más de 1 de cada 3 mujeres y hombres en los EE.UU. han sido víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja íntima. Las mujeres representan la mayoría de las víctimas. La violencia doméstica tiene graves consecuencias para la salud física y mental de las víctimas y sus familias, así como consecuencias sociales y económicas.
Este documento define la violencia doméstica y discute las definiciones legales y sociales. Explica que la violencia doméstica incluye la violencia física, sexual, psicológica y económica entre miembros de una pareja íntima o familia. También describe los diferentes tipos de violencia doméstica y la importancia de tener definiciones comunes para abordar y medir adecuadamente este problema.
Este documento describe las funciones y responsabilidades de los enfermeros al tratar casos de violencia doméstica. Los enfermeros deben prevenir, detectar e intervenir en casos de violencia doméstica mediante la educación, la detección rutinaria, la evaluación del riesgo, el desarrollo de planes de seguridad y la derivación a recursos comunitarios. También deben cumplir con los requisitos de denuncia obligatoria cuando se sospecha abuso de niños o adultos vulnerables.
Este documento presenta varias teorías y marcos conceptuales sobre la violencia doméstica, incluyendo perspectivas psicológicas, biológicas, de sistemas familiares y sociológicas. La teoría más ampliamente utilizada es el modelo ecológico de la OMS, que considera factores a nivel individual, de la relación, comunitario y social. También se describe la rueda del poder y control, que ilustra cómo se establece el control sobre las víctimas a través de diferentes tácticas, y el c
O documento discute os resultados do Estudo IBEAS sobre eventos adversos na América Latina, mostrando que a maioria estava relacionada a infecções. Também apresenta soluções para aumentar a segurança do paciente, como a lista de verificação cirúrgica, que reduziu complicações e mortalidade quando implementada. A instância prévia, momento para checar procedimentos antes de iniciar, também é importante para prevenir erros.
El documento describe las prácticas para prevenir y controlar la infección por VIH y otros patógenos transmitidos por la sangre. Explica que las precauciones estándar como la higiene de manos, el uso de equipo de protección personal y las soluciones de lejía son esenciales para todos los pacientes. También cubre la profilaxis post-exposición, que incluye el tratamiento antirretroviral después de una exposición ocupacional a la sangre infectada para reducir el riesgo de transmisión del VIH y la hepatitis.
Este documento describe el ciclo de vida del virus VIH y las diferentes clases de medicamentos antirretrovirales utilizados para tratar la infección por VIH. Explica las 6 etapas del ciclo de vida del VIH, desde que se une a las células CD4 hasta la muerte celular. También detalla las 6 clases principales de medicamentos antirretrovirales, incluidos los inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, la proteasa y la integrasa. Por último, resume las recomendaciones actuales sobre el tratamiento de la infección por VIH
Este documento describe el VIH y las pruebas para detectarlo. Explica que existen dos tipos de VIH (VIH-1 y VIH-2) y que la prueba ELISA se usa primero para detectar anticuerpos, seguida de una prueba de confirmación Western Blot si es positiva. También identifica a las poblaciones con mayor riesgo de contraer VIH y recomienda que los profesionales médicos ofrezcan exámenes de detección como parte de la atención rutinaria. Además, enfatiza la importancia
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Breastfeeding Module1: Session 1
1.
2.
3.
4. Learn about
breastfeeding
Complete 20 hours of
breastfeeding
education
But most importantly…
Have fun
Then
HAVE FUN
Then
HAVE MORE FUN
Then
GO Breastfeed the
world - LOL
5. 1. The Baby Friendly Hospital
Initiative: A part of the global
strategy
2. Communication skills
3. Promoting breastfeeding during
pregnancy
7. 1. State the aim of the WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy
for Infant and Young Child Feeding.
2. Outline the aims of the Baby-friendly Hospital
Initiative (BFHI).
3. Describe why BFHI is important in areas of high
HIV prevalence.
4. Explain how this course can assist this facility at
this time.
5. Review how this course fits with other activities
8. During the last half of the twentieth century,
appreciation of the uniqueness of human
milk and the value of breastfeeding as a
natural resource has inspired government
and private sector public health initiatives to
promote, protect and support breastfeeding.
9. Breastfeeding promotion:
Efforts focus on the advantages of
breastfeeding to the individual baby and
mother.
Includes dissemination of advantages in
regard to the global ecology:
decreased waste from bottles and manufacturing
diminished environmental costs of care and
feeding of dairy cattle.
10. Breastfeeding protection:
Involves legislated rights of women and children
that enable breastfeeding.
Included are adequate maternity leaves and
appropriate child care facilities.
Also involves prohibiting certain marketing
practices of companies manufacturing breast
milk substitutes.
11. Breastfeeding support:
Accomplished through evidence based
hospital policies, health worker practices and
community programs designed to increase
initiation and duration
12. Produced and adopted in 1990 in Spedale degli
Innocenti, Florence, Italy.
The meeting, "Breastfeeding in the 1990s: a
Global Initiative" was co-sponsored by the
United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) and the Swedish
International Development Authority (SIDA).
The Declaration, adopted by participants at the
WHO/UNICEF policy makers’ meeting included
four operational targets for the year 1995.
13. The tenets of the Innocenti Declaration
state that all governments, by the year
1995, should have:
Appointed a national breastfeeding
coordinator and establish a
multisectoral breastfeeding
committee;
Ensured that every facility providing
maternity services fully practices all
of the UNICEF/WHO Ten Steps to
Successful Breastfeeding;
14. By 1995, all governments should have:
Taken action to give effect to the
principles and aim of all Articles of the
International Code of Marketing of
Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent
WHA resolutions; and
Enacted imaginative legislation
protecting the breastfeeding rights of
working women and established means
for its enforcement.
15.
Recognizing the need to help
motivate birth facilities to
implement Innocenti target #2, the
United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF) and the World Health
Organization initiated the Baby-
Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI).
Receipt of the Baby-Friendly
designation indicates that a birth
facility has created an environment
that is supportive of optimal infant
16. Aims to improve – through optimal feeding –
the nutritional status, growth and development,
health, and thus the survival of infants and
young children.
Supports exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months,
with timely, adequate, safe and appropriate
complementary feeding, while continuing to
breastfeed for two years and beyond.
Also supports maternal nutrition, social and
community support.
17. The Global Strategy urges that hospital routines
and procedures remain fully supportive of the
successful initiation and establishment of
breastfeeding through the:
implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital
Initiative
monitoring and reassessing already
designated facilities; and
expanding the Initiative to include clinics,
health center, and paediatric hospitals
18. All governments should develop and implement a comprehensive
policy on infant and young child feeding, in the context of national
policies for nutrition, child and reproductive health, and poverty
reduction.
All mothers should have access to skilled support to initiate and
sustain exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and ensure the timely
introduction of adequate and safe complementary foods with
continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond.
Health workers should be empowered to provide effective feeding
counseling, and their services should be extended in the
community by trained lay or peer counselors.
Governments should review progress in national implementation of
the International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes, and
consider new legislation or additional measures as needed to
protect families from adverse commercial influences.
Governments should enact imaginative legislation protecting the
breastfeeding rights of working women and establishing means for
its enforcement in accordance with international labor standards.
19. The strategy specifies responsibilities of:
governments
international organizations
non-governmental organizations
and other concerned parties
Engages all relevant stakeholders
Provides framework for accelerated
action
20. Currently, the US has scored 7 out of a
possible 50 points on the US National
Report Card, which is produced by the
Healthy Children Faculty and is based on
progress toward the Innocenti targets.
21. Baby-Friendly USA was founded in 1997
as the responsible agency for the
UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
in the United States.
22. The program is built around a list of 10
research-supported practices, the Ten
Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, which
were developed for maternity facilities.
“Baby-Friendly” and “Baby-Friendly
Hospital Initiative” are certification marks
of the US Fund for UNICEF.
23. Following a United States feasibility study
completed in 1994, an objective on-site
evaluation tool was developed by Wellstart
International to investigate hospital policies and
procedures and implementation of the Ten
Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.
The first U.S. assessment of the implementation
of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding
was conducted in 1996.
24. Baby-Friendly USA Inc. was incorporated by Dr.
Karin Cadwell in 1997, at the direction of the US
Committee for UNICEF, to implement the
initiative in the United States. Every year more
and more hospitals and birth centers in the
United States have earned the designation
"Baby-Friendly®
Hospital.”
25. Adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981.
Calls for all governments to regulate marketing
practices that promote artificial feeding (formula and
other breastmilk substitutes) as well as feeding devices
such as bottles and nipples.
To date, no substantive legal action has been taken to
implement this Code in the US.
However, the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative standards
include Code compliance in Baby-Friendly designated
facilities.
26. In the U.S. national objectives for
breastfeeding initiation and duration have
been published for each decade since
1990.
The initial 1990 goals were 75% initiation
and 35% continuation to six months.
Those goals were not met.
The U.S. met the goal of 75% initiation for
the first time in 2007.
27. The Healthy People 2020 (HP2020)
objectives, established by the U.S. Dept.
of Health and Human Services:
track national breastfeeding rates
also address some of the most challenging
barriers to breastfeeding success faced by
U.S. mothers.
28. One goal focuses on worksite lactation support
programs.
Two new objectives focus on maternity care
practices.
One includes a target to reduce formula
supplementation within the first two days of life.
Current CDC data show that over 25% of breastfed
infants receive formula before two days of age.
Known to decrease milk production
Can lead to negative infant health outcomes
Another goal addresses providing recommended
maternity care for lactating mothers and their
babies.
29. Healthy People 2020 objectives propose
increasing the proportion of infants who
are breastfed:
Ever: 81.9%
At 6 months: 60.5%
At 1 year: 34.1%
Exclusively for 3 months: 44.3%
Exclusively for 6 months: 23.7%
30. The United States Breastfeeding Committee
(USBC ) published “Breastfeeding in the
United States: A National Agenda” in
2001, establishing strategic goals for
breastfeeding activities in the U.S., which
were reconfirmed by the USBC in 2009.
31. Goal 1: Assure access to comprehensive,
current and culturally appropriate
lactation care and services for all
women, children and families.
Goal 2: Ensure that breastfeeding is
recognized as the normal and preferred
method of feeding infants and young
children.
32. Goal 3: Ensure that all federal, state and
local laws relating to child welfare and
family law recognize and support the
importance and practice of breastfeeding.
Goal 4: Increase protection, promotion and
support for breastfeeding mothers in the
work force.
33. An action plan for breastfeeding is based on
education, training, awareness, support and
research.
“Together we can shape a future in which
mothers can feel free to breastfeed their
children without societal hindrances.”
34. The Blueprint was replaced in 2011 by
The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to
Support Breastfeeding, a document that
identifies many methods for creating an
optimal environment for breastfeeding
success in public and private sectors.
35. Many professional organizations such as
the American Academy of Pediatrics, the
American Dietetic Association, the
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric
and Neonatal Nurses, among others, have
published policy statements in support of
breastfeeding as a public health priority.
36. Breastfeeding rates used to develop the Healthy
People 1990 and 2000 goals were collected
retrospectively by a formula manufacturer, Abbott
(Ross) Labs.
In 2001, the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) began to collect
breastfeeding initiation and duration rates
through the National Immunization Survey.
The CDC now publishes an annual report of
breastfeeding progress for U.S. targets.
37. US has made progress on achieving
the Healthy People goals, but this
improvement has not been
dramatic.
38.
39. There is a wide variation in
breastfeeding initiation, duration and
exclusivity from state to state.
40. Percent of Children Ever Breastfed among Children Born in 2007 (provisional)
Source: CDC
41. Percent of Children Born in 2007 who Were Breastfed at 6 Months of Age
(provisional) Source: CDC
42. Percent of Children Born in 2007 still Breastfeeding at 12 Months:
(provisional) Source: CDC
43. Percent of Children Born in 2007 Exclusively Breastfed Through 3 Months
(provisional) Source: CDC
45. Percent of Children Born in 2007 Exclusively Breastfed Through 6 Months of Age
(provisional) Source: CDC
46. The mPINC Survey (Maternity Practices for
Infant Nutrition and Care) was first
conducted in 2007 by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
47. The survey consisted of 34 questions related
to maternity and infant feeding practices,
and was sent to all hospitals and birth
centers providing maternity care in the
United States.
The response rate was more than 80% .
48. Scores were categorized into one of seven
maternity care practice domains:
labor and delivery;
postpartum breastfeeding assistance;
postpartum contact between mother and infant;
postpartum feeding of breastfed infants;
breastfeeding support upon discharge;
staff breastfeeding training and education;
and structural and organizational factors related to
breastfeeding.
50. State and local initiatives might include:
State public health and perinatal regulations
State laws protecting breastfeeding mothers in the
workplace, a mother’s right to breastfeed in public,
exclusion from jury duty while breastfeeding
State and local breastfeeding coalitions
State and local World Breastfeeding Week activities
Local Baby-FriendlyHospital Initiative workgroups
State and local participation in national initiatives
51. A joint project of the United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health
Organization, initiated in 1991.
Designed to recognize hospitals and birth
centers that have taken steps to provide an
optimal environment for breastfeeding through
full implementation of the Ten Steps to
Successful Breastfeeding.
52. Is administered in the US by Baby-Friendly USA,
Inc. a not-for-profit organization.
Is linked to the “International Code of Marketing
of Breast-Milk Substitutes” in its goal to end free
distribution of infant formulas to mothers,
families, health care workers, maternity facilities
and hospitals.
Is based on the Innocenti Declaration (WHO,
1990) and encompasses the Ten Steps to
Successful Breastfeeding.
53. 1. Have a written breastfeeding policy
that is routinely communicated to
all health care staff.
2. Train all health care staff in skills
necessary to implement this policy.
3. Inform all pregnant women about
the benefits and management of
breastfeeding.
54. 4. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding
within one hour of birth
5. Show mothers how to breastfeed
and how to maintain lactation even
if they are separated from their
infants.
6. Give newborn infants no food or
drink other than breast milk, unless
medically indicated.
55. 7. Practice rooming-in, allowing
mothers and infants to remain
together 24 hours a day.
8. Encourage breastfeeding on
demand.
9. Give no pacifiers or artificial nipples
to breastfeeding infants.
10. Foster the establishment of
breastfeeding support groups and
refer mothers to them on discharge
from the hospital.
56.
Each of the Ten Steps has several sub-steps.
A review of the materials available from
Baby-Friendly USA including the Hospital
Self-Appraisal Tool will orient the Baby-
Friendly Task Force/ Committee members to
what each step entails and its basic criteria
and give the health care provider an idea of
the scope of policies that need changes in
order to optimally promote, protect, and
support breastfeeding
57. WHO/UNICEF reaffirmed the BFHI in 2006,
keeping the same Ten Steps. However, Step 4 is
now interpreted as: Place the baby skin to skin
with its mother immediately after birth. Skin to
skin should be continuous an uninterrupted
until the completion of the first breastfeeding.
This step applies to all births, regardless of
feeding intention. (Mothers who choose not to
breastfeed should stop skin to skin before the
baby latches on to the breast.)
58. The WHO/UNICEF (2009) identifies
“acceptable medical reasons” for
supplementation:
Infants who should not receive breast milk or any milk
except specialized formula
Infants for whom breast milk remains the best feeding
option but who may need other food in addition to breast
milk for a limited period
Maternal conditions that may affect breastfeeding
recommendations, e.g. physical incapacity, some
medications, some infectious illnesses, some cases
where there is addiction.
59.
In most cases the need for formula
supplementation does not preclude
breastfeeding or the use of human milk (if
available), either the mother’s own milk or
banked donor human milk.
Banked donor milk may also be used as a
supplement instead of formula.
60. Breastfeeding should be supported and
improved (unless there is a rare
contraindication to breastfeeding) and
supplements discontinued as soon as
possible without harming the health of the
baby.
61. DiGirolamo et al.(2001) looked at
mothers’ experience of Baby-Friendly
practices:
Those who experienced none of the Ten Steps were
eight times more likely to stop breastfeeding before
6 weeks.
Experiencing additional practices in line with the Ten
Steps decreased the likelihood of early weaning.
62. Only 7% of the nationally surveyed mothers
experienced 5 Baby-Friendly practices.
Compared to these mothers, mothers who
experienced 0 practices were 8 times more
likely to stop breastfeeding early.
Additional practices decreased the risk for early
termination (DiGiorlamo et al., 2001).
63. The special needs of HIV-positive women can be
fully accommodated without compromising baby-
friendly hospital status
WHO/UNICEF/UNAIDS policy statement on HIV and
infant feeding states that mothers have right to
information and support that will enable them to
make fully informed decisions
It is important to continue to support breastfeeding
for women who are HIV-negative or of unknown HIV
status
64. The process of implementing
the Baby-Friendly Hospital
Initiative in the US as of April
2010 is called the “4 D
Process”.
66. Process of implementing the Ten Steps works best
when the task force:
Seeks high level medical or administrative support.
Builds a multi-disciplinary implementation team.
Establishes the team as credible change agents with help of
administrative representatives.
Undertakes facility assessment using the “Hospital Self-
Appraisal Tool.
Highlights successful areas and celebrates achievements.
Identifies areas of challenge.
Prioritizes plan of action; begin with the easiest steps.
Continues to address challenges, celebrating and prioritizing
as barriers are successfully surmounted.
67. Improved Care and Service to
Breastfeeding Families
Improved Utilization of
Resources
Positive Public Image
68. Increased Breastfeeding Rates
From 1995-1999, the time of implementing
the 10 Steps, breastfeeding initiation rates
increased from 58% to 87%.
Exclusive breastfeeding rates increased also
during this time period.
69. No advertising of breast milk substitutes to families.
No free samples or supplies in the health care system.
No promotion of products through health care facilities, including no
free or low-cost formula.
No contact between marketing personnel and mothers.
No gifts or personal samples to health workers.
No words or pictures idealizing artificial feeding, including pictures of
infants, on the labels or the product.
Information to health workers should be scientific and factual only.
All information on artificial feeding, including labels, should explain the
benefits of breastfeeding and the costs and hazards associated with
artificial feeding.
Unsuitable products should not be promoted for babies.
All products should be of high quality and take account of the climate
and storage conditions of the country where they are used.
70. Among the new targets for breastfeeding are the following new goals in the
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health category:
MICH-22: Increase the proportion of employers that have worksite lactation
support programs from 25% baseline to 38%.
MICH-23: Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula
supplementation within the first 2 days of life from 15.6% baseline to 10%.
MICH-24: Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that
provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies from 2.9%
baseline to 8.1%.
In addition to these breastfeeding support goals, Healthy People 2020 raised
the targets for breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity, establishing
goals to increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed:
MICH-21.1: Ever from 73.9% baseline to 81.9% .
MICH-21.2: At 6 months from 43.4% baseline to 60.5%.
MICH 21.3: At 1 year from 22.7% baseline to 34.1%.
MICH 21.4: Exclusively through 3 months from 33.1% baseline to 44.3%.
MICH 21.5: Exclusively through 6 months from 13.6% baseline to 23.7%.
71. Actions for Mothers
and Their Families:
1. Give mothers the
support they need to
breastfeed their babies.
2. Develop programs to
educate fathers and
grandmothers about
breastfeeding.
Actions for Communities:
3. Strengthen programs that
provide mother-to-mother
support and peer counseling.
4. Use community-based
organizations to promote and
support breastfeeding.
5. Create a national campaign
to promote breastfeeding.
6. Ensure that the marketing
of infant formula is conducted
in a way that minimizes its
negative impacts on exclusive
breastfeeding.
72. Actions for Health Care:
7. Ensure that maternity care
practices around the United
States are fully supportive of
breastfeeding.
8. Develop systems to guarantee
continuity of skilled support for
lactation between hospitals and
health care settings in the
community.
9. Provide education and training
in breastfeeding for all health
professionals who care for women
and children.
10. Include basic support for
breastfeeding as a standard of
care for midwives, obstetricians,
family physicians, nurse
practitioners, and pediatricians.
11. Ensure access to services
provided by International Board
Certified Lactation Consultants.
12. Identify and address
obstacles to greater availability
of safe banked donor milk for
fragile infants.
73. Actions for Employment:
13. Work toward establishing paid
maternity leave for all employed
mothers.
14. Ensure that employers establish
and maintain comprehensive, high-
quality lactation support programs
for their employees.
15. Expand the use of programs in
the workplace that allow lactating
mothers to have direct access to
their babies.
16. Ensure that all child care
providers accommodate the needs
of breastfeeding mothers and
infants.
Actions for Research and
Surveillance:
17. Increase funding of high-
quality research on
breastfeeding.
18. Strengthen existing capacity
and develop future capacity for
conducting research on
breastfeeding.
19. Develop a national
monitoring system to improve
the tracking of breastfeeding
rates as well as the policies and
environmental factors that
74. Action for Public Health
Infrastructure:
20. Improve national leadership
on the promotion and support of
breastfeeding.
75. The Ten Steps To Successful Breastfeeding
The BFHI promotes, protects, and supports breastfeeding through The Ten
Steps to Successful Breastfeeding for Hospitals, as outlined by UNICEF/WHO.
The steps for the United States are:
1 - Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all
health care staff. 2 - Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement
this policy. 3 - Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management
of breastfeeding. 4 - Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one hour of
birth. 5 - Show mothers how to breastfeed and how to maintain lactation, even
if they are separated from their infants. 6 - Give newborn infants no food or
drink other than breastmilk, unless medically indicated. 7 - Practice “rooming
in”-- allow mothers and infants to remain together 24 hours a day. 8 -
Encourage breastfeeding on demand. 9 - Give no pacifiers or artificial nipples to
breastfeeding infants. 10 - Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support
groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic