Dataset Preparation
Abstract: This PDSG workshop introduces basic concepts on preparing a dataset for training a model. Concepts covered are data wrangling, replacing missing values, categorical variable conversion, and feature scaling.
Level: Fundamental
Requirements: No prior programming or statistics knowledge required.
Arrays are complex variables that can hold multiple values of the same data type.
Array is a fixed type sequenced collection of elements of the same data type.
It is simply a grouping of like-type data.
Some examples where a concept of arrays can be used :-
1) List of employees in an organization.
2) Exam scores of a class of students.
3) Table of daily rainfall data.
Abstract: This PDSG workshop introduces basic concepts of categorical variables in training data. Concepts covered are dummy variable conversion, and dummy variable trap.
Level: Fundamental
Requirements: No prior programming or statistics knowledge required.
Dataset Preparation
Abstract: This PDSG workshop introduces basic concepts on preparing a dataset for training a model. Concepts covered are data wrangling, replacing missing values, categorical variable conversion, and feature scaling.
Level: Fundamental
Requirements: No prior programming or statistics knowledge required.
Arrays are complex variables that can hold multiple values of the same data type.
Array is a fixed type sequenced collection of elements of the same data type.
It is simply a grouping of like-type data.
Some examples where a concept of arrays can be used :-
1) List of employees in an organization.
2) Exam scores of a class of students.
3) Table of daily rainfall data.
Abstract: This PDSG workshop introduces basic concepts of categorical variables in training data. Concepts covered are dummy variable conversion, and dummy variable trap.
Level: Fundamental
Requirements: No prior programming or statistics knowledge required.
An array is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed using a common name. A one-dimensional array is like a list; A two dimensional array is like a table; The C language places no limits on the number of dimensions in an array, though specific implementations may.
Introduction to Machine Learning with Python and scikit-learnMatt Hagy
PyATL talk about machine learning. Provides both an intro to machine learning and how to do it with Python. Includes simple examples with code and results.
This slide brushes up on the concepts of class and templates in C++. It introduces the different sections of the C++ Standard Library and talks about std::pair in further details.
Concept and Definition of Data Structures
Introduction to Data Structures: Information and its meaning, Array in C++: The array as an ADT, Using one dimensional array, Two dimensional array, Multi dimensional array, Structure , Union, Classes in C++.
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
core & advanced java classes in Mumbai
best core & advanced java classes in Mumbai with job assistance.
our features are:
expert guidance by it industry professionals
lowest fees of 5000
practical exposure to handle projects
well equiped lab
after course resume writing guidance
DN 2017 | Multi-Paradigm Data Science - On the many dimensions of Knowledge D...Dataconomy Media
Gaining insight from data is not as straightforward as we often wish it would be – as diverse as the questions we’re asking are the quality and the quantity of the data we may have at hand. Any attempt to turn data into knowledge thus strongly depends on it dealing with big or not-so-big data, high- or low-dimensional data, exact or fuzzy data, exact or fuzzy questions, and the goal being accurate prediction or understanding. This presentation emphasizes the need for a multi-paradigm data science to tackle all the challenges we are facing today and may be facing in the future. Luckily, solutions are starting to emerge...
Cheat Sheet for Machine Learning in Python: Scikit-learnKarlijn Willems
Get started with machine learning in Python thanks to this scikit-learn cheat sheet, which is a handy one-page reference that guides you through the several steps to make your own machine learning models. Thanks to the code examples, you won't get lost!
Scikit-Learn is a powerful machine learning library implemented in Python with numeric and scientific computing powerhouses Numpy, Scipy, and matplotlib for extremely fast analysis of small to medium sized data sets. It is open source, commercially usable and contains many modern machine learning algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, feature extraction, and optimization. For this reason Scikit-Learn is often the first tool in a Data Scientists toolkit for machine learning of incoming data sets.
The purpose of this one day course is to serve as an introduction to Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn. We will explore several clustering, classification, and regression algorithms for a variety of machine learning tasks and learn how to implement these tasks with our data using Scikit-Learn and Python. In particular, we will structure our machine learning models as though we were producing a data product, an actionable model that can be used in larger programs or algorithms; rather than as simply a research or investigation methodology.
An array is a collection of data items, all of the same type, accessed using a common name. A one-dimensional array is like a list; A two dimensional array is like a table; The C language places no limits on the number of dimensions in an array, though specific implementations may.
Introduction to Machine Learning with Python and scikit-learnMatt Hagy
PyATL talk about machine learning. Provides both an intro to machine learning and how to do it with Python. Includes simple examples with code and results.
This slide brushes up on the concepts of class and templates in C++. It introduces the different sections of the C++ Standard Library and talks about std::pair in further details.
Concept and Definition of Data Structures
Introduction to Data Structures: Information and its meaning, Array in C++: The array as an ADT, Using one dimensional array, Two dimensional array, Multi dimensional array, Structure , Union, Classes in C++.
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
core & advanced java classes in Mumbai
best core & advanced java classes in Mumbai with job assistance.
our features are:
expert guidance by it industry professionals
lowest fees of 5000
practical exposure to handle projects
well equiped lab
after course resume writing guidance
DN 2017 | Multi-Paradigm Data Science - On the many dimensions of Knowledge D...Dataconomy Media
Gaining insight from data is not as straightforward as we often wish it would be – as diverse as the questions we’re asking are the quality and the quantity of the data we may have at hand. Any attempt to turn data into knowledge thus strongly depends on it dealing with big or not-so-big data, high- or low-dimensional data, exact or fuzzy data, exact or fuzzy questions, and the goal being accurate prediction or understanding. This presentation emphasizes the need for a multi-paradigm data science to tackle all the challenges we are facing today and may be facing in the future. Luckily, solutions are starting to emerge...
Cheat Sheet for Machine Learning in Python: Scikit-learnKarlijn Willems
Get started with machine learning in Python thanks to this scikit-learn cheat sheet, which is a handy one-page reference that guides you through the several steps to make your own machine learning models. Thanks to the code examples, you won't get lost!
Scikit-Learn is a powerful machine learning library implemented in Python with numeric and scientific computing powerhouses Numpy, Scipy, and matplotlib for extremely fast analysis of small to medium sized data sets. It is open source, commercially usable and contains many modern machine learning algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, feature extraction, and optimization. For this reason Scikit-Learn is often the first tool in a Data Scientists toolkit for machine learning of incoming data sets.
The purpose of this one day course is to serve as an introduction to Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn. We will explore several clustering, classification, and regression algorithms for a variety of machine learning tasks and learn how to implement these tasks with our data using Scikit-Learn and Python. In particular, we will structure our machine learning models as though we were producing a data product, an actionable model that can be used in larger programs or algorithms; rather than as simply a research or investigation methodology.
Quick Machine learning projects steps in 5 minsNaveen Davis
www.naveendavisv.blogspot.in
This slides explained the steps involved in machine learning projects. The algorithms and result validation and prediction are explained in machine learning.
Learning Predictive Modeling with TSA and KaggleYvonne K. Matos
Ever wanted to do a challenging data science project but feel like you don’t have enough experience? Just go for it! Diving into a 3 TB, 3D image dataset has been my best learning experience. I want to share this deep learning project with you, and tips for overcoming challenges along the way.
Machine Learning : why we should know and how it worksKevin Lee
The most popular buzz word nowadays in the technology world is “Machine Learning (ML).” Most economists and business experts foresee Machine Learning changing every aspect of our lives in the next 10 years through automating and optimizing processes such as: self-driving vehicles; online recommendation on Netflix and Amazon; fraud detection in banks; image and video recognition; natural language processing; question answering machines (e.g., IBM Watson); and many more. This is leading many organizations to seek experts who can implement Machine Learning into their businesses.
Statistical programmers and statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry are in very interesting positions. We have very similar backgrounds as Machine Learning experts, such as programming, statistics, and data expertise, thus embodying the essential technical skill sets needed. This similarity leads many individuals to ask us about Machine Learning. If you are the leaders of biometric groups, you get asked more often.
The paper is intended for statistical programmers and statisticians who are interested in learning and applying Machine Learning to lead innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The paper will start with the introduction of basic concepts of Machine Learning - hypothesis and cost function and gradient descent. Then, paper will introduce Supervised ML (e.g., Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression), Unsupervised ML (e.g., clustering) and the most powerful ML algorithm, Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The paper will also introduce some of popular SAS ® ML procedures and SAS Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning. Finally, the paper will discuss the current ML implementation, its future implementation and how programmers and statisticians could lead this exciting and disruptive technology in pharmaceutical industry.
Workshop: Your first machine learning projectAlex Austin
Tutorial to help you create your first machine learning project. The goal was to make this straightforward even someone who's never written a line of code. We gave the workshop to MBA students at UC Berkeley and had a lot of fun learning together - don't be intimidated, anyone can do it!
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Round table discussion of vector databases, unstructured data, ai, big data, real-time, robots and Milvus.
A lively discussion with NJ Gen AI Meetup Lead, Prasad and Procure.FYI's Co-Found
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
4. Machine Learning = learning models from data
Which advert is the user most likely to click on?
Who’s most likely to win this election?
Which wells are most likely to fail in the next 6 months?
6. Machine Learning Process
● Get data
● Select a model
● Select hyperparameters for that model
● Fit model to data
● Validate model (and change model, if necessary)
● Use the model to predict values for new data
12. Linear Regression: First, get your data
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
gen = np.random.RandomState(42)
num_samples = 40
x = 10 * gen.rand(num_samples)
y = 3 * x + 7+ gen.randn(num_samples)
X = pd.DataFrame(x)
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.scatter(x,y)
13. Linear Regression: Fit model to data
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
model = LinearRegression(fit_intercept=True)
model.fit(X, y)
print('Slope: {}, Intercept: {}'.format(model.coef_, model.intercept_))
14. Linear Regression: Check your model
Xtest = pd.DataFrame(np.linspace(-1, 11))
predicted = model.predict(Xtest)
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.plot(Xtest, predicted)
18. Classification: first get your data
import numpy as np
from sklearn import datasets
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data
Y = iris.target
19. Classification: Split your data
ntest=10
np.random.seed(0)
indices = np.random.permutation(len(X))
iris_X_train = X[indices[:-ntest]]
iris_Y_train = Y[indices[:-ntest]]
iris_X_test = X[indices[-ntest:]]
iris_Y_test = Y[indices[-ntest:]]
20. Classifier: Fit Model to Data
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5, metric='minkowski')
knn.fit(iris_X_train, iris_Y_train)
21. Classifier: Check your model
predicted_classes = knn.predict(iris_X_test)
print('kNN predicted classes: {}'.format(predicted_classes))
print('Real classes: {}'.format(iris_Y_test))
29. Recap: Choosing an Algorithm
Have: data and expected outputs
Want numbers? Try regression algorithms
Want classes? Try classification algorithms
Have: just data
Want to find structure? Try clustering algorithms
Want to look at it? Try dimensionality reduction
31. How well does the model fit new data?
“Holdout sets”:
split your data into training and test sets
learn your model with the training set
get a validation score for your test set
Models are rarely perfect… you might have to change parameters or model
● underfitting: model not complex enough to fit the training data
● overfitting: model too complex: fits the training data well, does badly on test
34. Test Metrics
Precision:
of all the “true” results, how many were actually “true”?
Precision = tp / (tp + fp)
Recall:
how many of the things that were really “true” were marked as “true” by the
classifier?
Recall = tp / (tp + fn)
F1 score:
harmonic mean of precision and recall
F1_score = 2 * precision * recall / (precision + recall)
37. Explore some algorithms
Notebooks 6.x contain examples of machine learning algorithms. Run them,
play with the numbers in them, break them, think about why they might have
broken.
Editor's Notes
What you’re learning isn’t the data, but a model that will help you understand (and possibly also explain) it.
We bother making models because we want to start asking questions, and (hopefully) making changes in our world.
Image from http://www.rosebt.com/blog/descriptive-diagnostic-predictive-prescriptive-analytics
AKA import-instantiate-fit-predict
Hyperparameter: things like “how many clusters of data do I think there are in this dataset?”
Lots of great tutorials on http://scikit-learn.org/stable/
You import from this library, which is called “sklearn” in python code.
Iris image from Nociveglia https://www.flickr.com/photos/40385177@N07/.
Supervised versus unsupervised learning:
supervised = give the algorithm both input data and the answers for that data (kinda like teaching), and it learns the connection between data and answers;
unsupervised = give the algorithm just the data, and it finds the structure in that data
Semi-supervised learning (where you only have a few answers) does exist, but isn’t talked about much. There’s also reinforcement learning, where you know if a result is better or worse, but not how much it’s better or worse.
Fit a line to a set of datapoints. Use that line to predict new values
This will give you 40 random samples around the line y = 3x + 7.
Random.rand selects from a uniform distribution; random.randn selects from a standard normal distribution.
Note the hyperparameter (fit_intercept). This says that your model doesn’t start at (0,0).
1-feature linear regression on the Diabetes dataset. This is where you need to change your model. In this case, you’d start by trying more features, then adapting the model hyperparameters (e.g. it might not be a straight line that you need to fit) or the model that you use (e.g. linear regression might not be the best model type to use on this dataset).
When there are just two classifications, it’s called binary classification.
Classification: finding the link between data and classes.
This is the Iris dataset. It’s one of Scikit-learn’s example datasets.
Why do we split into training and test sets? This is called a “holdout” set… we save some of our data, so we can use it to check how well our classifier does on data it hasn’t seen before.
print(‘{} training points, {} test points’.format(len(iris_X_train), len(iris_X_test)))
This is the k nearest neighbours algorithm. For every new datapoint, it looks at the N nearest datapoints it has classifications for, and assigns the new datapoint the class that’s most common amongst them.
Here, we’re using 5 neighbours. We’re also using the Minkowski distance (https://machinelearning1.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/three-famous-metrics-manhattan-euclidean-minkowski/) : this tells the algorithm how to compute the distance between two points, so we can define which points are ‘closest’. Common distance metrics you’ll see in machine learning include:
Manhattan, or “city block” distance: add the distance along the x axis to the distance along the y axis (“city block” because that’s how you navigate in Manhattan”)
Euclidian distance: calculate the straight-line distance between the two points (e.g. sqrt(x^2 + y^2))
Minkowski distance: a variant of Euclidian distance, for large numbers of features
This is the digits example dataset.
This is all in notebook 6.5
There’s no “best” algorithm for every problem. This is also known as the “no free lunch” theory.
If you have data and estimate of better/worse: reinforcement learning
There are lots of variants on these algorithms: the Scikit-learn cheat sheet will help you choose between them: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/tutorial/machine_learning_map/
Overfitting: matches the training data well, performs badly on new data… has high variance
Underfitting: doesn’t match the training data well, might perform well on new data… has high bias
Bias/ Variance tradeoff: adjust your hyperparameters until the model performs well on the test data.
See e.g. http://scott.fortmann-roe.com/docs/BiasVariance.html
This is all about your parameters e.g. the difference between fitting a straight line, a quadratic curve or a n-dimensional curve.
Figures from Jake Van Der Plas’ Python for Data Science book.
We’ll talk about the bias-variance tradeoff later.
False positive is also known as a “type 1 error”; false negative is also known as a “type 2 error”.
These numbers are always between 0 and 1. If you want to play with F1, try it in Python, e.g.:
import numpy as np
p = np.array([.25, .25, .125, .5, .75])
r = np.array([.001, .10, .7, .9, .3])
2*p*r / (p + r)
Support: how many things that are actually this class did we use to calculate these metrics?
Precision: of all the “true” results, how many were actually “true”?
Recall: how many of the things that were really “true” were marked as “true” by the classifier?
F1: combination of precision and recall